2013 Jan;5(1):17-27. doi: 10.5249/jivr.v5i1.185. Epub 2011 Nov 16.

Migration challenges among Zimbabwean refugees

before, during and post arrival in South Africa.
Idemudia ES1, Williams JK, Wyatt GE

https://sciencing.com/political-factors-migration-8212756.html

Updated April 24, 2018

By Jayden Mathews

According to the Organization for International Migration there are approximately 192
million people who live outside their place of birth. A majority of these people are
migrant workers and they make up 3 percent of the world’s population. Human beings
have always migrated from one place to another in search of better economic
opportunities. But apart from economic factors, there are political factors that cause
people to move from their home country to another country. War, persecution and
the absence of political rights are the predominant political factors in migration.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Through the large results of the study, the researchers came up with the conclusions below:
1. The Hinggatut dance of the Ayangan tribe was originated from the upper Ayangan of the
Ifugao province.
2. Costumes used in the Hinggatut dance include:
A. Male
1. Gwa’noh
2. Fadjaong
3. Fotong
4. Ghinuttu
5. Peh’let
6. Pongot
7. Paho’
B. Female
1. Loob
2. Lofong
3. Fo’ong
4. Apungoy
5. Fa’oh
6. Gheneleng
7. Hingat

3. Instruments of the Ayangan people in the Hinggatut dance include:

a. Ghangha or Gongs which has four types namely: Tofob, Tengo, Iggwang and Pa’et.
b. Tengngo’h or the stick used to play for the Tengo, Iggwang and Pa’et. The Tofob is
played with the bear hands.
4. Specific steps and their meaning include:
a. Tajaw, basic step of the Hinggatut dance;
b. Padjad, imitated from the free flying eagle that symbolizes the high ambition,
accomplishments, and relationships. This step denotes that life is getting better or becoming
wealthy;
c. Chalichi, considered the chorus of the dance;
d. Liggoh, This denotes that they are looking back to where they came from and means that
they will never forget about it;
e. Gopah, one of the elders of the tribe will stop the dance and will start to seek for
blessings and protections of the tribe.
5. The Hinggatut dance is very significant to the culture of the Ayangan because it is their
identity. This has been a part of their heritage that serves as their foundation not to forget their
culture.
Based on the conclusion drawn from the findings, the following recommendations are
offered:
1. More research activities for preservation of tribal culture and tradition should be encouraged.
2. The origin, art, history awareness of ethnic tribal dance knowledge should be educated to the
youth so that the future generation won’t be deprived by the culture.
3. The younger generation in the tribe of Catarawan, Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya are changing
toward modernisation, it should be made to have that enough support to the youth to put into
practice the traditions, cultural costume of their tribes.
4. It is the moral responsibility of the youth group, that they must know the importance of their
culture and tradition.
5. Future researchers of the same study should know the why the Ayangan people migrated to
the different places.
6. Encourage the National Commission of Indigenous People (NCIP) to give attention to the
community of the Ayangan and their culture to help the Ayangan