Criminal Law
TITLE ONE: CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE LAW OF NATIONS
CHAPTER ONE
CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY
Section 1: Treason and Espionage
Art. 114: Treason
Elements
1. Filipino/ Alien residing in the Philippines
2. Time of War – Philippines is involved
3. Levying war against the government OR
Adheres to the enemies by giving aid or
comfort
Art. 115: Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Treason
Art. 116: Misprision of Treason
Art. 117: Espionage
Ways to Commit:
A. Without authority, enters a warship, fort, etc. to
obtain any information plans, photographs, or
other data of a confidential nature relative to the
defense of the Philippines
Elements:
1. Any person
2. Crime is when he enters the place with
intent to obtain confidential information
3. Enters without authority raises the
presumption and consummates the
crime
B. Being in possession by reason of public office he
holds, of the articles, data, or information referred
to in the preceding paragraph, discloses their
contents to a representative of a foreign nation
Elements
1. Public Officer is in possession by reason
of office
2. Crime is when he discloses or reveals to
representative of foreign nation
Section 2: Provoking war and Disloyalty in case of war
Art. 118: Inciting To War or Giving Motives for Reprisals
Elements:
1. Any person
2. In times of peace
3. Act which is unlawful or unauthorized which
provokes or gives occasion for a war or
exposes Filipino citizens to reprisals in their
persons or property
Art. 119: Violation of Neutrality
Elements:
1. War – Philippines is not involved
2. Competent authority issues regulation
enforcing neutrality
3. Person violated such regulation
Art. 120: Correspondence with Hostile Countries
Elements:
1. War - Philippines is involved
2. Makes correspondence to enemy or territory
3. Correspondence is either:
a. Prohibited by Government
b. Carried on in ciphers or
conventional signs
c. Notice or information useful
or in aid of enemy
Art. 121: Flight to Enemy Country
Elements:
1. War – Philippine is involved
2. Attempts to flee or go to enemy country
3. Prohibited by competent authority
Section3: Piracy and Mutiny on the High Seas or in
Philippine Waters
Art. 122: Piracy in general and Mutiny in High Seas
Elements of Piracy:
1. Vessel is in Philippine Waters or high seas
2. Offenders are NOT members of complement
or passengers
3. Seize or attack the vessel, OR
Seize the whole or part of cargo, equipment or
personal belongings
Elements of Mutiny
1. Vessel is in Philippine waters or high seas
2. Offenders are members of complement or
passengers
3. Raises commotion or disturbance on board in
violation of lawful command of captain
PD 532: Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law
Art. 123: Qualifies Piracy
What Qualifies Piracy?
1. Seized the vessel by boarding or firing
2. Abandoned their victims without means of
saving
3. Accompanied by murder, homicide, Physical
Injuries, or Rape
RA 6235: Acts Inimical to Civil Aviation (Anti-Hijacking
Law)
Acts Punishable:
1. Compelling the pilot of an aircraft of Philippine
registry to change course or destination OR to
seize or usurp control while in flight
2. Compelling an aircraft of foreign registry to
land in Philippine territory or to seize OR to
usurp control while in the territory
3. By shipping, loading or carrying in a cargo
aircraft operating as a public utility within the
Philippines any explosive, flammable,
corrosive, or poisonous substance or material
4. By shipping, loading, or carrying in a cargo
aircraft operating as a public utility within the
Philippines, any material or substance which is
explosive, flammable, corrosive, or poisonous
not in accordance with the regulations issued
by the Air Transportation Office
What Qualifies Penalty for #1 and #2?
1. Fired upon the pilot, member of the crew or
passenger
2. Exploded or attempted to explode any
bomb or explosive to destroy the aircraft
3. Accompanied by murder, homicide,
serious physical injuries, or rape
Unica Amor R. Mananquil
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 Criminal Law
TITLE ONE: CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE LAW OF NATIONS

RA 9372: Human Security Act (Anti-Terrorism Law)

Crimes against RPC:
1. Piracy and Mutiny
2. Rebellion or Insurrection
3. Coup d’état
4. Murder
5. Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention
6. Crimes involving Destruction
Crimes against SPL
1. Law on Arson
2. Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear
Waste Control Act
3. Atomic Energy Regulatory and Liability Act
4. Anti-Hijacking law
5. Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law
6. Illegal Possession, Manufacture and Dealing of
Firearms

Unica Amor R. Mananquil

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