2.

094 — Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids Fall ‘08

Lecture 14 - Total Lagrangian formulation, cont’d

Prof. K.J. Bathe MIT OpenCourseWare

Truss element. 2D and 3D solids.

�
t+Δt
τij δ t+Δteij d t+ΔtV = t+Δt
R (14.1)
t+ΔtV
�
t+Δt t+Δt 0 t+Δt
0 Sij δ 0�ij δ V = R (14.2)
0V
⏐
� linearization

⏐
� � �

0 t 0 t+Δt t 0
0 Cijrs 0ers δ 0eij δ V + 0 Sij δ 0 ηij δ V = R− 0 Sij δ 0eij δ V (14.3)
0V 0V 0V

Note:

δ 0eij = δ 0t�ij

varying with respect to the configuration at time t.

F.E. discretization
� � �
t+Δt
0
xi = hk 0xki t
xi = hk txki xi = hk t+Δtxki (14.4a)
k k k
� � �
t
ui = hk tuki t+Δt
ui = hk t+Δtuik ui = hk uik (14.4b)
k k k

(14.4) into (14.3) gives

�t t t+Δt
R − 0tF
�
0 KL + 0 KN L U = (14.5)

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MIT 2.094 14. Total Lagrangian formulation, cont’d

Truss

ΔL
0L � 1 small strain assumption:

t E 0A
0K = 0L

cos2 θ − cos2 θ
⎡ ⎤
cos θ sin θ − cos θ sin θ
2
⎢ cos θ sin θ sin θ − sin θ cos θ − sin2 θ ⎥
=⎢ ⎥
⎣ − cos2 θ − cos θ sin θ cos2 θ sin θ cos θ ⎦
2 (14.6)
− cos θ sin θ − sin θ sin θ cos θ sin2 θ
⎡ ⎤
1 0 −1 0
t
P ⎢ 0 1 0 −1 ⎥
+ ⎢
0L ⎣ −1
⎥
0 1 0 ⎦
0 −1 0 1

(notice that the both matrices are symmetric)

� � � �� �
u1 cos θ sin θ u1
= (14.7)
v1 − sin θ cos θ v1

Corresponding to the u and v displacements we have:

t E 0A
0K = 0L
(14.8)
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1 0
⎢ 0 0 0 0 ⎥ t
P ⎢ 0 1 0 −1 ⎥
= ⎢
⎣ −1
⎥+ 0L
⎢
⎣ −1
⎥ (14.9)
0 1 0 ⎦ 0 1 0 ⎦
0 0 0 0 0 −1 0 1

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MIT 2.094 14. Total Lagrangian formulation, cont’d

t
P
Q 0L = tP · Δ ⇒ Q= 0L
· Δ (14.10)

t
P
where the boxed term is the stiffness. In axial direction, 0L is not very important because usually
0 t t
E A P P
0L � 0L . But, in vertical direction, 0L is important.
⎡⎤
− cos θ

t t ⎢ − sin θ ⎥
⎢ ⎥

0 F = P ⎣ cos θ ⎦ (14.11)
sin θ

2D/3D (e.g. Table 6.5) 2D:

t t 1 �� �2 � �2 �
�
0 11 = u
0 1,1 + u u
0 1,1 0 1,1 + u u
0 2,1 0 2,1 + u
0 1,1 + u
0 2,1 (14.12)
� �� � 2� �� �
0e11
0 η11

0�22 = · · · (14.13)
0�12 = · · · (14.14)
(Axisymmetric)
0�33 = ? (14.15)

t1 �� t � 2 �
0� =
0U −I (14.16)
2⎡ ⎤
× × 0
⎣ × × 0 ⎦
t 2 0 0 ×
0U = (14.17)
↑
t 2
( λ)

� �
t d ts 2π 0x1 + tu1
λ= 0 =
d s 2π 0x1
t
(14.18)
u
=1+ 0 1
x1

�� �2 �
t
t 1 u1
0�33 = 1+ 0 − 1

2 x1

�2 (14.19)
t
1 tu1
�
u
= 0 1 +
x1 2 0x1

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MIT 2.094 14. Total Lagrangian formulation, cont’d

t
�t �2
t+Δt u + u1 1 u 1 + u1
0�33 = 10 + 0x (14.20)
x1 2 1

t
� �2
t+Δt u1 u 1 u1 1 u1
0�33 = 0�33 − 0t�33 = 0x + 0x · 0x + 2 0x (14.21)
1 1 1 1

How do we assess the accuracy of an analysis? Reading:

Sec. 4.3.6
• Mathematical model ∼ u

• F.E. solution ∼ uh

Find �u − uh � and �τ − τh �.

References
[1] T. Sussman and K. J. Bathe. “Studies of Finite Element Procedures - on Mesh Selection.” Computers
& Structures, 21:257–264, 1985.

[2] T. Sussman and K. J. Bathe. “Studies of Finite Element Procedures - Stress Band Plots and the
Evaluation of Finite Element Meshes.” Journal of Engineering Computations, 3:178–191, 1986.

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MIT OpenCourseWare
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2.094 Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids II

Spring 2011

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