SKAB 3919

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

AIR POLLUTION
Known sources
mobile sources – such as cars, buses, planes,
trucks, and trains
stationary sources – such as power plants, oil
refineries, industrial facilities, and factories
area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities,
and wood burning fireplaces
natural sources – such as wind-blown dust,
wildfires, and volcanoes

TYPES AIR POLLUTION

HAZARDOUS OZONE SOx

benzene;which is found in Present throughout Sulphur oxides emission is

gasoline
perchlorethlyene, which
is emitted from some dry
cleaning facilities
methylene chloride,
which is used as a solvent
and paint stripper by a
number of industries
Possible sources
Major sources of
outdoors: emissions from
coal-fired power plants,
industries, and refineries,
as well as from motor
vehicles.
Indoor air:  tobacco
smoke, building materials
like asbestos, and
chemicals like solvents.
the atmosphere with 2 layer :
stratosphere and
troposphere
secondary only :
bad ozone is not emitted
directly into the air
NOx + VOC + UV = Ozone
Possible sources
Emission from industrial
Possible sources
and electric utilities
Motor vehicle fumes
formed produce as much
as 70% of the nitrogen
oxides and 50% of the
organic chemicals that form
ozone
Printing
mainly due to the presence
and burning of sulphur
compound in the fuel.
primary :
Sulfur dioxide,
hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl
sulfide, carbon disulfide,
dimethyl sulphide
secondary :
Sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid,
sulphate ion, ammonium
sulphate
sulphur oxides emission is
due to the presence of
sulphur compound in the
marine fuels used in marine
engines
roasting metal
sulfide ores

Effects
Cancer, including lung,
Effects Effects
kidney, bone, stomach
Increase the frequency of Effects on health : can
Harm to the nervous
asthma attacks. harm the human
system and brain
Make the lungs more respiratory system and
Birth defects
susceptible to infection. make breathing difficult.
Irritation to the eyes, nose
Continue to damage the Effects on environment :
and throat
lungs even when the Acid rain, At high
Coughing and wheezing
symptoms have concentrations, gaseous
disappeared. SOx can harm trees and
Cause chronic obstructive plants
pulmonary disease
(COPD).

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
NOx
primary : Nitric Oxide,
nitrous oxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ammonia
secondary : Nitric oxide,
nitrogen dioxide, nitrate
ion, ammonium ion
Possible sources
car engines
Motor vehicles
industry
Power plant
Open burning
Effects
Effects on health :
inflammation in the airways  fossil fuels in cars, power
  
Long term effects :
Decrease lung function,
increase response to
allergens    
Effects to the ecosystem :
leaf damage, reduced
growth of plants, make
vegetation exposed to
disease and frost damage,
acid rain is produced
Group's member :
1. EFFA NURUL SHAZLIN BINTI MOHD SAIDIN
2. NURSUHANA BINTI BORHANUDDIN
3. SAIDATUL ASSYURA BINTI ROSMAN
4. SITI NUUR TUAN ZAINAB BT JAMALUDDIN
5. HURRIYAH AINA BINTI MANAFF
SKAB 3919
TYPES AIR POLLUTION
Carbon Compound
Carbon compounds are
chemical substances that
contain carbon atoms bonded
to any other element
2 Types:
1) Organic compound
2) Inorganic compound
primary : methane,
terpenes, isoprenes
secondary : organic
nitrates, peroxides,
oxygenated hydrocarbons
Possible sources
Carbon monoxide (CO) :
Emitted from the exhaust
of the vehiclesn
Carbon dioxide (CO2) :
Emitted from burning of
plants, houses, and
industry.
Effects
CO : inhibits the blood’s
ability to deliver oxygen to
the organs and can cause
headache, dizziness,
vomiting, nausea.
CO2 : changes in the
climate, higher sea levels,
greenhouse effects,
difficulty in breathing,
Particulate matter
Mixture of solids and liquid
droplets found in the air such
as dirt, soot, smoke and large
and dark enough to be seen
with naked of eyes.
Commonly classified based
on size fraction -  coarse
particle (PM10) and fine
particle (PM2.5)
1) coarse particle (PM10)
PM10 - particles with
aerodynamic diameters less
than 10 μm
Sources
crushing and grinding rocks
and soil blown by wind
burning plants (brush fires
and forest fires or yard
waste)
2) fine particle (PM2.5)
PM2.5 - Particle with
aerodynamic diameters less
than 2.5 μm
Sources
driving automobiles
burning plants (brush fires
and forest fires or yard
waste)
smelting (purifying) and
processing metals
Effects
health : the small size of
particle can cause health
problems especially size <
10mm in diameter
environment :
visibility impairment : PM2.5
(fine particles) main caused
visibility(haze)
material damage: PM can
stain and damage stones and
other materials including
monuments and statues as it
related to acid rain effects.