Conditional Sentence

Conditions deal with imagined situations: some are possible, some are

unlikely, some are impossible. The speaker/writer imagines that something can or

cannot happen or have happened, and then compares that situation with possible

consequences or outcomes, or offers further logical conclusions about the

situation.[1]

In general, the form of Conditional is:

if + condition,
result/consequence

result/consequence + if +
condition

1. Conditional Sentence Type 0

Conditional type zero is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts or things which always
happen under certain conditions.
General Form:

If + Simple Present, + Simple Present

if/when + condition,
result/consequence
 if/when + simple present, simple
present

result/consequence + if/when +
condition

simple present + if/when + simple

present

Use:

The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true, scientific facts, general
truths:
Examples:
 If we burn paper, it becomes ash.
 Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.
 the equilibrium between liquid and vapor is upset if the temperature is increased.

 kalimat Contoh Zero Conditional

If I sleep late, I am sleepy at work. [habitual activity]

(+)
If you dry fruits or vegetables, they loss their nutrient and
calorie.

(-) If one doesn’t drink after doing exercise, one gets dehydrated.

(?) If we burn paper, does it becomes ash?

2. Conditional Sentence Type 1

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These situations
take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be
 fulfilled. Therefore, we can conclude that conditional type 1 describes a possible situation of
present or future time.[2]
General Form:

If + Simple Present, + Simple Future

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple present, (will + bare

infinitive) / imperative

result/consequence + if + condition

(will + bare infinitive) / imperative + if +

simple present

Use:

Conditional Sentences Type 1 refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain
condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be
fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Example:
 If I meet him, I will introduce myself.
 If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.
 I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.

Kalimat Contoh conditional type 1

(+) If I have free time, I will go swimming.

 If the bell rings, I’ll go home.

If you meet Andy, ask him to call me. [Imperative]

If you don’t finish your homework, your teacher will be

angry.

(-) If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry. / Unless he comes,

I won’t be angry.

If he comes, I won’t be angry.

(?) If they invite you, will you come?

3. Conditional Sentence Type 2

Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable
situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very
unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. So, we can conclude that conditional type 2 describes a
hypothical situation, one that is either contrary to the real facts of the present, or unlikely to occur
in the future.[3]
General Form:

if + Simple Past, + would + base verb

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple past, would/could/might + bare

infinitive
 result/consequence + if + condition

would/could/might + bare infinitive + if +

simple past

Were / Was

In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even if the pronoun
is I, he, sheor it. "were" here is a subjunctive form.
NOTE "was" is also a possible form.
Example:
If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.

Kal. Contoh Conditional type 2 Fact

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all but I don’t have much hope
day. it will rain

but Nisa doesn’t study

If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.
hard
(+)
If I had much money, I would buy a but I don’t have much
sport car. money

If I were a millionaire, I would donate

but I’m not a millionaire
my money to charity.

If Nisa didn’t study hard, she wouldn’t

but Nisa studies hard
be passed.
(-)

If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail. -

 If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would
fail.
atau -
Unless Nisa studied hard, she would
fail.

If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t

-
donate my money to charity.

If Nisa didn’t study hard, would she

-
fail?

If I had much money, would I buy a

(?) -
sport car?

If I were a millionaire, would I donate

-
my money to charity?

Use:

Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if the present
situation were different
Example:
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

4. Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past. It describes a hypothical
situation of past time, one which did not occur.
General Form:

if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle

 if + condition, result/consequence

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have

+ past participle

result/consequence + if + condition

would/should/could/might have + past participle

+ if + past perfect

Use:

Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They express hypothetical results to
past given situations.
Example:
 If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.
 Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a terrible accident.

Kalimat Contoh Conditional type 3 Fact

If you had remembered to invite me, but you didn’t

I would have attended your party. remember

(+)
If I had given the interviewer really but I didn’t give
good answers, I might have got a really good
higher position than you. answers

If the waitress had been careful,

but the waitress
(-) she wouldn’t have broken many
wasn’t careful
plates.

If he had asked for forgiveness, but he didn’t ask

(?)
would you have forgiven him? for forgiveness
 Things to remember

1. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Examples:
 "Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air."
 "I will send her an invitation if I find her address."
 "I would travel around the world if I had a million dollars."
 "He wouldn't have had that terrible accident if he had been careful."
2. Main clause and/or if clause might be negative.
Examples:
 If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
 If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had an accident