POLITICAL EVOLUTION and The DEVELOPMENT of EARLY CIVILIZATION

 The development of the Early Civilizations showed the political evolution of society.
 Political systems of Civilizations have a highly centralized and well organized form of
government.

 Four(4) Major Civilizations in the World (flourished along the rich river plains or river
valleys)
(a) the Sumerian civilization that developed along the Tigris and Euphrates River in West
Asia.
(b) the Indus Valley civilization that started along the Indus River Valley in India.
(c) the Shang civilization of China that developed near the Huang-Ho/Huang-He River.
(d) the Egyptian civilization that started along the Nile River.

 Political Leaders of Early Civilizations were also tasked to do the following:

a) Craft Laws
b) Implement Laws
c) Impose Justice and Punishment
d) Collect Taxes
e) Sometimes act as religious leaders as well

 The Early Civilizations also developed an organized, stable and effective government to
ensure the safety of the people and supervise the production and distribution of the food
supply.

Social Class Sumer Egypt Indus Valley Shang

Political leader Priests and Pharaoh Brahmin King Priest

and highest Royalty
social class

Other social 1. Wealthy 1. Government 1. Kshatriyas Working class

classes merchants officials 2. Vaisyas (farmers,
2. Ordinary 2. Soldiers 3. Sudras craftsmen,
workers 3. Scribes 4. Pariah soldiers)
4. Merchants
5. Craftsmen
6. Peasants
7. Slaves
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION:
1. Developed and highly advanced cities
2. Well-defined city centers
3. Complex and systematic institutions
4. Organized and centralized system of government
5. Formalized and complex form of religion
6. Job specialization
7. Development of social classes
8. Implementation of large-scale public works and infrastructure like defense walls,
monuments, temples, mausoleums, government edifices, trading centers and markets
9. Sophisticated and detailed forms of arts and architecture
10. Advanced technology
11. System of writing and recording