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SECTION G
APPEX CORPORATION
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The apex corporation, intercarrier network services provider to cellular telephone companies,
was in a rapid growth phase and the investors of the start up insisted to bring an experienced
manager with specialty in organizational structure, Shikar Ghosh. The company needed serious
changes in its system as it was not able to cope up with the pace of the changing environment.
Before Ghosh had started his tenure at Appex, the company’s work culture was majorly
entrepreneurial and to revitalise it, Ghosh introduced numerous organizational changes over a
short span of time, which succeeded and faltered at times, but ultimately grew with the
aspirations of the employees who adapted to changes introduced by him and grew with the
growing company.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
With the growing industry and the growing company, how could Appex indulge with the
SITUATION ANALYSIS
The Industry: The cellular telephone industry started in 1982 when the Federal
Communications Commission established guidelines. From the mid 80’s to the 90’s, the
services to the cell phone companies across. It was founded in 1986 with the merger of Appex,
Inc. and Lunayach Communications Consultants (LCC), which specialised in the design and
engineering of cellular radio networks. The two main services offered were- Intercarrier
Shikhar Ghosh was called in 1988 to head Appex. He had a prior work experience as a
consultant in Boston Consulting Group and was appointed as Chief Operating Officer in
History: Brian Boyle, the first CEO of Appex, did not believe in formal procedures and thought
them unnecessary as there were only a few business procedures. The company structure was
very informal and flexible. The employees were very focused in their work, hardworking and
committed. Appex was very efficient in responsiveness and got things done very quickly. As
the work was mainly project based, as their number increased, they hired more and more people
to do the job.
This first structure can be described as Entrepreneurial. The characteristics of this system
includes the technology driven and loosely structured system where the personnel had a
The going ahead without any financial planning led to rapid loss of money.
The customer service was poor as no one was directly concerned with the task
The new product development lost its spark and was ignored due to disrupted flow of
information.
The people did not have a clear job description as everyone did everything
Only “Firefighting” prevailed with no long-term planning
of accountability and division of labour. Shikhar brought out two new structures: -
Circular structure
It was a totally new structure for the employees which they were unaware about.
Horizontal structure
Ghosh’s first aim was to achieve control, which could not be achieved by these two structures.
In this structure, the functions were organized as teams. The advantages include: -
The tendency of the teams to develop sub functions within their teams
There lacked the managerial expertise in the personnel and had only their functional
knowledge.
Then he introduced Functional Structure based on Product Teams, where the product teams
co-existed with the functional teams. Each team consisted of a product team manager and
representatives from their individual functional areas. The pros of this system included: -
The system did not specify the authority who was responsible to make the decisions.
The scope of the authority of the product teams was defined and bounded.
The problems arose from resource allocation where, each product team wanted the best
More products meant more employees and thus higher costs for training new people.
The employees became less concerned with achieving company specific financial
goals.
Appex moved from an organization where everybody was doing everything to one with
DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE
This structure divided the organization into two broad divisions: ICS and IS with additional
departments: Operations, Finance and Human Resource. The advantage was that it improved
the accountability, budgeting, planning with increased focus on meeting the financial targets
EDS Acquisition
Electronic Data Systems (EDS) acquired Appex and as a division od EDS, Appex had to follow
EDS’s requirements. The challenge that the company faced was to work out its own divisional
CONCLUSION
For recommending a structure, I would recommend the divisional structure owing to the sheer
size of the company and the consistent growth in the market. The changes implemented by
Ghosh were complemented throughout the journey as the company and the market grew. The
efficiencies for time of projects and resources allocated would level off – time efficiency would
go down slightly. All in all we conclude that Ghosh was quite successful in implementing the
many structures that he implemented in Appex and the employees for their adaptability to the
changes.