Tutorial Induction Machine Geometry

Preflux2D 9.
Induction Machine:
Constructing the Model
Copyright © 2006 Magsoft Corporation
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www.magsoft-flux.com
Cover illustration: Model showing shade plot of the induction motor

Contents
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Open a new project · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9

Contents Using the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9
Preflux 9.2 project window · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11

1 About this document xv Graphics display · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11
About Preflux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xv Toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12
The data tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 13

The New Supervisor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xv
Console Window · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14
The Preflux window · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xvii
Command Line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15
Interaction with the program · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xviii
Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15
Dialog boxes · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xviii
Windows menu commands · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15
Format for user input · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xx
Project menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16
Activate commands · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxi
Application menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16
Use the toolbar buttons · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxi
View menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16
Use the menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxii
Display menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
Use the data tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxiii
Select menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
Selecting items from the graphics display · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxiv Geometry menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18
Notes for experienced/new users · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxviii Mesh menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19
Physics menu· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19
1 Get started with Preflux 9.2 1 Tools menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 20
Start Flux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 Help menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 20
The new Flux Supervisor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2 Take time to explore · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 22
Program manager · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3
2 Create the motor parameters 23
Directory manager · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5
Project manager· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6 The model of the motor· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 23
Open Preflux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8 Overview: Defining parameters · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24
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Contents Contents
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Attributes of parameters · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25 Notes on creating and displaying points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57

Parameters and measurement units · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25
Data for the initial points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 58
Define the first parameter: The airgap width · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 26
Add four points for half of the first stator slot· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 58
Open the New parameter dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 26
Open the New Point dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 59
Enter the data for the AIRGAP parameter · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 28
Add the data to create the first point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 60
Define the second parameter · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 31 Add the data for the next 3 points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 63
Define the remaining parameters for the motor · · · · · · · · · · · · 33 Label the points with their reference numbers · · · · · · · · · · · · · 67
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37 Using the Edit/Modify command · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 69
A note about selecting items · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 72

3 Create coordinate systems for the motor 41
Add the first two lines of the stator slot · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 72
Overview: Using coordinate systems · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 41
Open the New Line dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 73
Data for the coordinate systems · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 42 Add Line 1 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 74
Add a global coordinate system for the stator · · · · · · · · · · · · · 42 Add Line 2, the curved bottom of the slot · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 77
Open the New Coordinate System dialog box · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 43 Label the lines with their reference numbers · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 79
Add the STATMAIN global coordinate system · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 44
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 80
Add the remaining coordinate systems · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 48
Add the ROTWORK coordinate system· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 49

5 Complete the first stator slot 81
Add the ROTLOC system · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 50
About transformations· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 81
Add the STATWORK coordinate system · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 51
Add the SMIRROR transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 82
Add the STATLOC coordinate system · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 52
Open the New Transformation dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 84
Define Periodicity · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 55
Add data for the SMIRROR transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 85

Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 87
Open the Propagate Lines dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 88

4 Create half of the first stator slot 57
Select the lines to propagate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 89
Contents Contents
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Add a line to close the slot· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 92 Add points for the stator’s outer boundary · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 123
Open the Add Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 93 Data for points at bottom edge of stator · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 123
Build the face of the first slot · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 94 Open the New Point dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · 123
Add the data for the points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 124

Add the straight side of the stator’s outer boundary · · · · · · · · 126
6 Begin the rotor geometry 99 Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 126
Select the points to add Line 12 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 127

Add the first four points for the rotor bar· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 99
Open the New Point dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 100 Add a transformation for the stator and rotor sides· · · · · · · · · 128
Open the New Transformation dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · 128
Add the lines of the half rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 104
Add the data for the SIDES transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 129
Add the straight side of the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 104
Add arcs for the curved top and bottom of the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · 107 Apply the SIDES transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 130
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · 131
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 111
Select Line 12 to propagate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 132
7 Complete the first rotor bar 113 Add the stator’s outer boundary · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 133
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 134
Add the RMIRROR transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 114
Add the data for Line 14 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 135
Open the New Transformation dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 114
Add the data for the RMIRROR transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 115 Add points for the straight side of the rotor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 137
Data for points at bottom edge of rotor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 137

Apply the RMIRROR transformation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 117
Open the New Point dialog from the data tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 137
Open the Propagate Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · 117
Add the data for the points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 138
Select the lines and add the data for propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 119
Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers · · · · · · · · · 140
Construct the face of the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 121
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 141
Enter the points for Line 15 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 142
8 Complete the stator and rotor outlines 123 Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation · · · · · · · · · · · 143
Contents Contents
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Open the Extrude Lines dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 143 Open the Add Mesh Line dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 177
Select Line 15 to extrude · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 145 Add the data for the MLRBOT mesh line· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 178
Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary · · · · · · · · · 147 Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 180
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · 147 Open the Assign Mesh Line dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 180
Save your work · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 150 Select the lines and assign the MLRBOT mesh line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 182
9 Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and 10 Complete the geometry 185
Mesh_Line 151
Add a transformation to duplicate the stator slot · · · · · · · · · · 185
Notes about this mesh· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 151 Open the New Transformation dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 185
Mesh requirements in the airgap · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 152 Add the data for the SDUPLI transformation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 187
Change to the Mesh context· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 152 Use SDUPLI to create the other slots· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 188
Open the Propagate Faces dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 190

Mesh context toolbars · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 154
Enter the data for the propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 192
Add the mesh points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 156
Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 195
Open the New Mesh Point dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 157
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · 195
Add the data for the first mesh point (MRTOP) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 158
Add the other mesh points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 160 Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary · · · · · · · · · · 198
Assign the mesh points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 163 Open the Propagate Lines dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 198
Select the line and complete the propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 199

Points for the MSBOT mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 163
Open the Assign Mesh Point dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 164 Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 201
Select the points and assign the MSBOT mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 165 Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · 201
Assign the MRTOP mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 166 Add the data for the line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 202
Assign the MAIRGAP mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 168

Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · 204
Assign the MSOD mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 173
Open the New Transformation dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 204
Assign the MRID mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 174
Add the data for the RDUPLI transformation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 205
Add a Mesh Line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 177

Contents Contents
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Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 207 13 Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX 245
Open the Propagate Faces dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · 207
Overview of the circuit· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 245
Select the bar face · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 208
Start ELECTRIFLUX · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 247
Add the data to complete the propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 209
Open a new circuit problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 249

Close the airgap · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 211
Open the New Line dialog with the icon · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 211 ELECTRIFLUX toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 251
Add the line at the bottom of the model · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 212 ELECTRIFLUX menus · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 252
Add the line at the top of the model · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 214 File menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 252
Construct the remaining faces for the geometry · · · · · · · · · · 216 Edit menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 252
View menu· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 253

Circuit menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 253
11 Generate, verify and save the mesh 219 Sheet menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 254
Window menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 254

Change to the Mesh context· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 219
? (Help) menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 254
Generate the mesh · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 221
Change the size of the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 255
Mesh the Lines · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 221
Add the coils to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 259
Mesh the Faces· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 222
Place the coil components on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 261
Save the mesh · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 225
Rotate the coils for proper orientation of the hot point· · · · · · · · · · · · · 265
Close the project · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 226
Add the resistors to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 268
Close Preflux 2D · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 228
Place the 3 resistors on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 270
Rotate the resistors· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 271

12 Enter the materials 231
Add the inductors to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 273
Open the materials database (CSLMAT)· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 232
Place the 3 inductors on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 275
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 233
Rotate the inductors · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 276
Create the aluminum material · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 243

Add the voltage sources to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 278
Contents
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Place the voltage sources on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 280
Rotate the voltage sources· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 280 Introduction

Add the squirrel cage to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 282
Save your circuit· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 285
Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit) · · · · · · · · · · 286

About this document
Rename components· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 290
Welcome to Preflux 9.2!
Analyze the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 291
This chapter includes some general information about this document, along with a very brief
Save and close the circuit file · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 293 introduction to Preflux, the all-new preprocessor for both Flux2D and Flux3D.
Close ELECTRIFLUX· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 295 About Preflux 9.2

Preflux 9.2 is the new preprocessor for Flux. Below is a very brief description of the new Flux
Supervisor and the Preflux interface. More detailed information is presented in Chapter 1.
The New Supervisor
The new Supervisor for Preflux 9.2 organizes all the modules for both Flux2D and Flux3D.
xv
xvi xvii
In addition, the Supervisor includes a directory manager and a project manager for all your Flux The Preflux window
project files, along with My programs, shortcuts to other programs.
The following figure shows the Preflux window.
New Flux Supervisor (for 2D and 3D)
See also the online User's Guide for a complete description of the new Flux Supervisor.
Preflux window (with complete geometry)
Preflux includes all the commands you will use to create the model geometry, the mesh, and
physical model.
About Preflux 9.2 About this document About this document About Preflux 9.2
xviii xix
Interaction with the program The following figure shows only the dialog box, along with the data entered for the first
parameter.
Flux is essentially an object-oriented relational database. To create a geometric model, therefore,
you add items (entities) to the database with which to build the model. These items may be
general tools such as parameters, coordinate systems, or transformations, or specific items such
as points and lines, or mesh points and lines.
Dialog boxes
Preflux 9.2 features an all-new, completely Windows-based interface, so most actions are
performed through input in dialog boxes.
The following figure, for example, shows the screen with the blank dialog box open and ready to
create the first parameter.
Dialog box with input to create the first parameter (AIRGAP)
After you click OK to enter the data, most dialog boxes reopen automatically, for you to
continue adding the same kind of entity. They will reopen until you close them. The following
figure shows the new dialog box after the first parameter has been created.
New dialog, after adding the first parameter
Ready to add a new parameter
Interaction with the program About this document About this document Interaction with the program
xx xxi
To close a dialog, click the button or choose Cancel: Activate commands

You can activate most commands in several ways. Most commands open dialog boxes, as
described previously. To activate commands (open dialog boxes), you can use icons from the
toolbar, select commands from the menu, or use items in the Data Tree.
Use the toolbar buttons
You can activate most commands by selecting the appropriate icon from the toolbar button. For
example, the icons to add (create) new items all include a yellow * symbol, as shown below:
Closing the New parameter dialog after adding the last

parameter
Format for user input

Add icons (Geometry context)
Interaction with the program is presented in the two-column format shown below.
The New Geometric Parameter dialog can be opened with the fourth of the Add buttons, the
Prompts, dialog fields or responses from the program are shown in the first (shaded) column. button:
The information you input or the actions you perform are shown in the right (white)
column. Program Input
For instance, the following command sequence shows what you input to create the first click
parameter for the problem (AIRGAP):
Field Input
Name of Parameter AIRGAP
Comment width of the airgap
Algebraic expression for the 0.25

parameter
OK
Interaction with the program About this document About this document Activate commands
xxii xxiii
Use the menu Use the data tree
All commands and dialog boxes can be opened from the menu. You can also click on items in the data tree to open context menus containing commands most
frequently used.
For example, to open the New parameter dialog, choose Geometry, Geometric Parameter, New
to open the New parameter dialog: Right click on Geometric Parameter and choose New from the context menu, as shown below:
Program Input Program Input
Geometry
Right click Geometric Parameter
New
Geometric Parameter
New
Activate commands About this document About this document Activate commands
xxiv xxv
Selecting items from the graphics display When a field is activated, you can select items from the graphics screen. The figure below shows
Point 4 being selected to add the first line for the stator slot. Note that 3 is shown in the
All the items you add to the database are automatically numbered for reference. For example, the "Starting point" field of the dialog.
AIRGAP parameter is assigned the Parameter Number 2 by Flux (the default parameter, PI, is
number 1).
You can use these reference numbers to select items; for example, when you are creating a line,
you need to select and enter specific points. If you know the reference numbers for the points,
you can type those numbers into the dialog fields.
However, for most actions, you can select items from the graphics screen. The following figure
shows the new line dialog, with the Point field activated, that is, ready for the input of the
starting point. When a field is activated, it is filled with light blue, as shown:
Creating the first line of the stator slot
Ready to enter the starting point of a line segment
Selecting items from the graphics display About this document About this document Selecting items from the graphics display
xxvi xxvii
As the point is selected, the item number is displayed in the field, as shown in the following The creation of Line 1 is shown in the following dialog and command sequence:
figure:
Dialog box to create Line 1, side of stator slot

Point 3 selected as starting point of a straight line
You must enter or verify the information in the New Line dialog as follows:
You can also type the item number (point number, in this case) into the dialog field.
Program Input
Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and

Ending Points
Point defining segment
Starting Point 3
Ending Point 4
Selecting items from the graphics display About this document About this document Selecting items from the graphics display
xxviii
As soon as you choose Point 4, the line will be added and the dialog will close momentarily:
Chapter 1
Get started with Preflux 9.2

Start Flux 9.2
From the Windows Taskbar, select Start, All Programs, Cedrat (or your Flux2D installation
directory) and Flux 9.2:
Line 1 added to the problem database
The dialog will then reopen. To stop adding lines, close the New Line dialog with or Cancel.
Program Input
Starting Point Cancel
Notes for experienced/new users

If you are an experienced user of Flux, you may want to look carefully at Chapter 1, the
orientation to Flux 9.2, to see the changes in the new interface.
If you are new to Flux2D, we recommend that you read and work through the complete text of
this tutorial.
Starting Flux 9.2
Notes for experienced/new users About this document

1
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
2 3
The new Flux Supervisor Program manager
The Supervisor window will open: The Program manager lists and launches all the Flux modules (Geometry & Physics, Circuit,
etc.), as well as a Dos shell and the Explorer:
Flux 9.2 Supervisor
The Supervisor is organized into three basic areas:
the Program manager

the Directory manager
the Project manager
Program manager
The new Flux Supervisor Get started with Preflux 9.2 Get started with Preflux 9.2 The new Flux Supervisor
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
4 5
You can start any module by double clicking on its name in the program manager: Directory manager
The Directory manager shows your computer's complete directory, and if a completed project is
selected, a preview of the geometry is displayed. If no project is selected, the "FluxView" icon is
displayed.
Starting the Circuit module from the Program manager
You can switch from Flux2D to Flux3D or Flux for skewed applications by selecting the
appropriate tab at the bottom of the modules list:
In the My programs area, below the module tree, there are shortcuts to the Dos Shell and the
Explorer.
You can add shortcuts to other programs. Right click on System tools or anywhere inside the
area and choose Add programs:
Directory manager and preview of

geometry
Adding shortcuts to My programs
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
6 7
Project manager In the Program manager, check that the Flux2D tab is on top. If you are not sure, look at the top
of the Supervisor's program manager area:
The project manager displays all your Flux projects.
2D Standard version (for general use)
Flux projects (working directory)
If this is your first use of Flux, this area will be empty.
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
8 9
Open Preflux 9.2 The main Preflux window will open.
To open Preflux 9.2, in the Program manager in the Construction folder, double click Geometry
& Physics.
Program Input
Double click Geometry & Physics
Preflux window
In the Preflux window there are three main menus, Project, View, and ? (Help), but to see the
complete set of Preflux Geometry and Mesh commands, you must open a new project.
Open a new project

Using the icon in the toolbar
To create a new Flux project, click the icon in the toolbar:
Program Input
click
Open Preflux 9.2 Get started with Preflux 9.2 Get started with Preflux 9.2 Open a new project
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
10 11
Using the menu Preflux 9.2 project window

If you prefer, choose Project, New from the menu: The Preflux 9.2 project window, like those of other Flux programs, is divided into three main
areas.
Program Input
Project
New
The Preflux 9.2 project window will open, as described in the following section.
F The Project window opens in the Geometry context by default. The Geometry icon
over the Data Tree will be depressed, as shown in the following figure.
Preflux 9.2 project window (showing complete geometry)
Graphics display
Problem data tree
Console window
Graphics display
The largest is the Graphics display area, which (by default) occupies most of the screen.
However, you can resize the different areas of the screen and, if you wish, you can hide the data
tree, the command line, and/or the Console window.
Open a new project Get started with Preflux 9.2 Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project window
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
12 13
Toolbar The data tree
The toolbar along the top includes project management icons (New, Open, Save), as well as The data tree, on the left side of the screen, displays all the problem data in a tree structure. For
special icons for display, selection, creation, and manipulation of geometric and mesh entities. example, you can see all the geometric parameters in a model, as shown in the following figure.
The following figure shows the Project, Undo, New, Propagate, Extrude, and Assign icons
available in the Geometry context:
Toolbar (Geometry context): Project, New, Propagate, Extrude, Assign icons
The following figure shows the Check, View, and Select sets of icons:
Toolbar (Geometry context): Check, View, Select icons
The following figures identify the Geometry toolbar icons:
Parameters list in problem Data Tree
Preflux 9.2 project window Get started with Preflux 9.2 Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project window
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
14 15
The Data tree displays the individual entries that are expanded using the key in the tree. Command Line
You can select multiple items from the Data tree. Click the first item, hold down the Shift key, Directly below the graphics area and the console window status area is the Python bar or
and select the other items. command line. You must first click on the expansion arrow to reveal the command line.
You can run Flux by entering Python commands in this line.
Python command line revealed below console window
Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions

Selecting points7-10 from the list in the Selection tree
Below are brief descriptions of the commands and options shown in the Preflux project window.
Console Window
Windows menu commands
Across the bottom of the screen is the Console or Text output window, which displays a text
record of program responses. This record is saved in a log file (Preflu2D.log). In addition, the The Windows menu commands are located in the menu bar across the very top of the Preflux
commands entered as saved as a “spy” file (Preflu2D.py), as in earlier versions of Flux. window.
You can use spy files and Python commands to automate the execution of repetitive command
sequences, for example, to create and position sets of objects.
Preflux 9.2 project window Get started with Preflux 9.2 Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
16 17
Project menu Display menu
The Project menu is shown below: The Display menu allows you to select which elements of your model you would like to display.
Within the Project menu are commands to manage projects, spy files and command files.
Select menu
Application menu
The Select menu allows you to choose which item of your model you want to “pick” using the
With the Application menu, you can select the type of physical model you are building. In mouse:
previous versions of Flux, this was done in a separate application (prophy).
View menu
The View menu includes commands to enlarge the Graphics area or a selected area of the display,
as well as to shift the perspective of the graphics display.
Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions Get started with Preflux 9.2 Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
18 19
Geometry menu Mesh menu
The Geometry menu is used to create, edit and delete the different elements of the model. For Within the mesh menu are commands for managing the elements required for generating a mesh.
example, new points and lines can be created. In addition, operations on the various elements can This includes creating and assigning mesh points, mesh lines and mesh generators.
be performed, such as transformations and extrusion.
Using the Mesh menu to create a mesh line
Using the Geometry menu to add a new

Physics menu
Coordinate system.
The physics menu contains operations required to define the physical model of the problem. This
includes defining the model symmetries and defining and assigning materials to the various
regions of the model.
Using the Geometry menu to propagate points Using the Physic menu to add a new material.
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
20 21
Tools menu A selection from the online Help is shown here:
Included in the Tools menu is the Undo command, to revert the project to a previous state.
There are also commands to define and use custom colors in your model.
Help menu
The Help menu provides access to the online help for Flux, including a searchable index and
links to the complete User’s Guide and other manuals.
Chapter 1
22
Take time to explore

Take a few minutes to look at the menus and the icons in the Preflux project window. Chapter 2
Create the motor parameters

The model of the motor
The model is based on a 4-pole, 3-phase, 36-slot, 28-bar induction motor. Because of the motor’s
periodicities, we will model only ¼ of it (1 pole). Our model, therefore, consists of 9 stator slots
and 7 rotor bars. The airgap is set to 0.25 mm.
The following figure is a diagram of the model, showing its structure and dimensions.
Preflux project window
For instance, as you move your mouse over the icons, you will see labels that identify them:
You will begin the model by creating parameters to define basic dimensions of the motor
geometry.
Model of the problem (all dimensions in mm)
Take time to explore Get started with Preflux 9.2

23
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
24 25
This tutorial will show you how to construct the geometry and create the mesh for one pole of Attributes of parameters
this induction motor. To simplify the process, you will begin by creating parameters and
coordinate systems for the model. Then you will create the first stator slot and the first rotor bar. Parameters are defined with three attributes:
Both the geometry and mesh of the remaining stator slots and rotor bars will be created by
propagation. 1. name (an abbreviated label)
2. comment (an optional concise description), and
The following figure is a diagram of the model as you will construct it in Preflux2D: 3. mathematical expression (a value or formula).
Parameter names may be up to 80 characters long but must not include spaces or special
characters, such as & @ %.
Comments describe briefly what the parameter represents and may be up to 80 characters long.
(Comments are optional.)
The following are valid in terms of mathematical expression:
a. Constant
b. Arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/,**)
c. Arithmetic functions (SQRT, LOG, SIN, etc.)
d. Other parameters
e. Combinations of any of these
Parameters and measurement units
Please note that parameters are independent of any unit of measurement. In other words, the
numerical value entered for a parameter is not changed when the unit of measurement is changed.
Any measurement unit associated with a parameter derives from the coordinate system in which
the parameter is used.
For example, a parameter may be defined with a value of 10 and used in a coordinate system with
millimeters as units of measurement. This parameter’s value will still be 10 if the coordinate
system’s units are changed to inches or meters or any other available unit. Thus, when you use
Model to be constructed in Preflux2D parameters, you can also modify the scale of a geometric feature without reentering each point or
item.
Overview: Defining parameters

You will begin the motor geometry by defining parameters to represent dimensions of various
parts of the motor.
There are several reasons to use parameters. First of all, parameters simplify problem entry. Also,
identifying dimensions with names makes modifications much easier. For instance, entering the
width of the airgap as a parameter means you can change the size of the airgap in one step, in
only a few seconds, and Preflux 9.2 will automatically update the entire model. Without the
airgap parameter, to change the width of the airgap would require redefining the coordinates of
every point in the airgap, redrawing every adjacent line, and so on. Parameters also allow you to
modify the scale of a geometry through their relationship with coordinate systems.
Overview: Defining parameters Create the motor parameters Create the motor parameters Overview: Defining parameters
Page
26 Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Page 27
Define the first parameter: The airgap width Using the menu
Your project window should be open in the Geometry context, as shown in the following figure: If you prefer, choose Geometry, Geometric Parameter, New from the menu:
Program Input
Geometry
Geometric Parameter
New
The New parameter dialog will open:
Ready to add parameters
Open the New parameter dialog
Open the New parameter dialog by clicking the New Parameter icon in the toolbar:
Screen Input
New parameter dialog box
click
Define the first parameter: The airgap width Create the motor parameters Create the motor parameters Define the first parameter: The airgap width
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
28 29
Enter the data for the AIRGAP parameter Notice that the Console window displays a message confirming the creation of the AIRGAP
parameter:
You will need to enter a name, a comment (if you wish) and the algebraic expression (or value)
for the parameter.
The Name field shows the default parameter name, ParameterGeom_1. When you type in the
name, you can type in upper or lower case. Once the parameter is created, the name will be
stored and displayed in uppercase letters: AIRGAP. The same behavior is true for the comment
field.
If you wish, you can use the TAB key to move from one field to the next, and then press the
ENTER key or click OK to complete the data entry for the parameter.
The following figure shows the New parameter dialog with the information needed to define the
AIRGAP, ParameterGeom(2), created
AIRGAP parameter:
Click the next to Geometric parameters in the Data Tree to see the parameters:
Creating the AIRGAP parameter
Enter the information for the AIRGAP parameter as follows:
Program Input
AIRGAP parameter in data tree
Name of Parameter AIRGAP
(PARAMETRE_GEOM1)
Comment width of the airgap
Definition
Algebraic expression for the 0.25

parameter
OK
When you click OK, the dialog will close and the AIRGAP parameter will be added to the
database.
Define the first parameter: The airgap width Create the motor parameters Create the motor parameters Define the first parameter: The airgap width
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
30 31
The New parameters dialog will open again, ready for you to add another parameter. Your screen Define the second parameter
should resemble the following figure:
The second parameter is SOD, the stator's outer diameter, with a value of 170.
Click on the New parameters dialog to activate it (if necessary), and enter the information as
follows:
Program Input
Name of Parameter (AIRGAP_1) SOD
Comment outer diameter of the stator
Definition
Algebraic expression for the 170

parameter
OK
Your dialog should look like the one shown below:
Ready to define second parameter
The dialog reopens with a new default parameter name (AIRGAP_1).

SOD, parameter for stator's outer diameter
Again, when you click OK, the SOD parameter is created, and the dialog will close.
Ready to add another parameter
Define the first parameter: The airgap width Create the motor parameters Create the motor parameters Define the second parameter
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
32 33
The New parameters dialog will open again, as before. Define the remaining parameters for the motor
Now define the other parameters for the motor. Use the following table as a guide to enter the
information for the parameters. Each row of the table presents the information needed to define
one parameter. You have already entered the information to define the first two parameters,
AIRGAP and SOD, so those rows of the table are cross-hatched.
Motor parameters
Number Name Comment Expression
2 AIRGAP width of the airgap 0.25
Ready to add another parameter 3 SOD outer diameter of stator 170
4 SID inner diameter of stator 117

It will re-open after every parameter until you close it.
5 SSHEIGHT height of stator slot 13
6 SSOPEN stator slot opening 3.8
7 SSBR bottom radius of stator 3.6

slot
8 RBHEIGHT height of rotor bar 18
9 RBTOPR top radius of rotor bar 2.75
10 RBBOTR bottom radius of rotor 1.15

bar
11 ROD outer diameter of rotor 116.5
12 TOPRB location of top of rotor 110.26

bar
13 RID inner diameter of rotor 38
F The expression for a parameter must not contain any spaces!
Define the second parameter Create the motor parameters Create the motor parameters Define the remaining parameters for the motor
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
34 35
After the last parameter (RID) is entered, and the New parameters dialog opens again, close it: Your screen should resemble the following figure:
Closing the New Geometric Parameter dialog to stop adding

parameters
You can click the button or choose Cancel.
Program Input
Name of Parameter (RID_1) Cancel
Parameters entered
Define the remaining parameters for the motor Create the motor parameters Create the motor parameters Define the remaining parameters for the motor
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
36 37
Notice all the parameters listed in the data tree: Save your problem
Before you continue, save your problem.
Click the Save icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Project, Save from the menu:
Program Input
Project
Parameters in data tree
Notice, too, that as you move your cursor over the parameter names, the comments are displayed Save
to help you identify the parameters.
Define the remaining parameters for the motor Create the motor parameters Create the motor parameters Save your problem
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
38 39
The "Save" Flux project dialog will open. To save the problem to the directory you have chosen, proceed as follows:
Program Input
Save in: Flux_Work [or your working

directory]
File Name: Ind_Motor
Save
The Console will display a message that your project has been saved:
To save a project (first save)
Your current project directory (working directory) will be displayed in the first field at the top,
Project saved for the first time
"Save in:" .
If you want to save to another directory, click the and browse to the directory you wish (for Next, you will create coordinate systems for the motor.
example, ours is called "Flux_Work"). Then enter a name for your project and click Save. (Enter
any name you wish. We show Ind_Motor only as an example).
Saving project for the first time
Save your problem Create the motor parameters Create the motor parameters Save your problem
Chapter 3
42
Data for the coordinate systems

Chapter 3 The following tables summarize the data for the coordinate systems.
Stator coordinate systems
Name Comment System Defined in Type X Y theta-Z
Create coordinate systems for the

Main stator
Cartesian
STATMAIN coordinate 2D_GLOBAL 0 0 0
2D
system
motor STATWORK
Working system
for stator
LOCAL STATMAIN
Cartesian
2D
0 0 5
Local stator Cartesian

STATLOC LOCAL STATWORK SID/2 0 0
Overview: Using coordinate systems system 2D
All geometric features must be defined with respect to a coordinate system, either the default Rotor coordinate systems
XY1 system or a user-defined coordinate system. With a user-defined system you can save time
by defining only small parts of the geometry and then duplicating and positioning these parts to
Name Comment System Defined in Type X Y theta-Z
complete the model. This problem features a periodic structure, so through user-defined
coordinate systems, you can create most of the geometry by duplicating one stator slot and one Main rotor
Cartesian
rotor bar. You also save time if you want to modify the geometry later, because several types of ROTMAIN coordinate 2D_GLOBAL 0 0 0
2D
system
changes can be made by modifying the coordinate system.
Working system Cartesian 0 0
ROTWORK LOCAL ROTMAIN
Coordinate systems are defined with the following attributes: for rotor 2D 90/(7*2)
Local system Cartesian TOPRB/2

1. name (an abbreviated label) ROTLOC LOCAL ROTWORK
for rotor 2D 0 0
2. comment (concise description)
3. definition of system (global or local) Add a global coordinate system for the stator
4. coordinate system of definition (for local systems)
5. type of coordinates (Cartesian, etc.) Begin by defining a global coordinate system (STATMAIN) for the stator. This system
6. the coordinates of the origin (values) establishes the orientation of the stator as a whole.
7. the orientation of the axes (values) A global coordinate system such as STATMAIN is independent; it is not defined within or
8. the unit of length (for global systems), and dependent on any other coordinate system. A local coordinate system, however, must be defined
9. the unit of angle (for global systems). within an existing system and therefore is dependent on the existing system. Local coordinate
systems may be defined within a global system or within other existing local coordinate systems.
Types of coordinates include Cartesian and cylindrical.
41 Data for the coordinate systems Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
43 44
Open the New Coordinate System dialog box The New Coordinate System dialog will open:
To open the New Coordinate system dialog, click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Coordinate System, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Coordinate System
New
New Coordinate System dialog
Add the STATMAIN global coordinate system
To define the STATMAIN coordinate system, enter or verify the information as follows:
Program Input
Name of Coordinate System STATMAIN

(REPERE1)
Comment main stator coordinate system
Definition
Type of Coordinate System Cartesian
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add a global coordinate system for the stator Add a global coordinate system for the stator Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
45 46
Program Input Enter or verify the information in the dialog as follows:
Defined with respect to the Global Program Input

Global or a Local Coordinate
System Length Unit MILLIMETER
Angle Unit DEGREE

After you select Global, the dialog will display different fields:
Origin of the Coordinate System
Formula or Value
Origin: first component 0
Origin: second component 0
Rotation Angle about Z axis 0

(Angle Unit of Coordinate
System)
OK
When you click OK, the STATMAIN coordinate system will be added, and the dialog will close
momentarily.
Adding the STATMAIN coordinate system
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add a global coordinate system for the stator Add a global coordinate system for the stator Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
47 48
The New Coordinate System dialog will open again. Your screen should resemble the following Add the remaining coordinate systems
figure:
The rotor is also represented with three separate coordinate systems. The first applies to the
entire rotor geometry, while the remaining two apply to the rotor bar geometry. For this
problem, we use two global coordinate systems for the machine (one for the stator and one for
the rotor) in order to study the eccentricity effect. Otherwise, a common global coordinate
system could be used for both the stator and the rotor.
The following figures show the information for each coordinate system. After entering the
information as shown, click the OK button. The dialog will briefly close and reopen, ready for
the next coordinate system definition. Be careful that you correctly select a Global or Local
coordinate system and, if Local, the coordinate system it is based on.
STATMAIN coordinate system added to the database
To add ROTMAIN coordinate system
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add a global coordinate system for the stator Add the remaining coordinate systems Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
49 50
Add the ROTWORK coordinate system Add the ROTLOC system
Adding the ROTLOC coordinate system

To add the local ROTWORK system
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add the remaining coordinate systems Add the remaining coordinate systems Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
51 52
Add the STATWORK coordinate system Add the STATLOC coordinate system
To add STATWORK coordinate system

To add STATLOC local coordinate system to the database
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
53 54
When the New Coordinate System dialog opens again, close it with the button or by To see the complete list of coordinate systems, click the next to Coordinate System in the
choosing Cancel: data tree:
Closing the New Coordinate System dialog

Coordinate systems in data tree
Program Input
Name of Coordinate System Cancel

(STATLOC_1)
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
55 56
Define Periodicity Physical aspects of periodicity Odd (anticyclic boundary

conditions)
In previous versions of Flux, you needed to specify boundary conditions. With Flux 9.2,
boundary conditions are automatically created based on symmetry and periodicity. OK
Since we are modeling one quarter, or 90 degrees, of the model, we need to define a periodicity Save your problem
reflecting this. Select the icon from the toolbar to create a new periodicity.
Program Input
Save your problem now (if you wish) by clicking the button in the toolbar.
Click Program Input
click
The New Periodicity dialog opens.
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Project, Save from the menu.
Program Input
Project
Save
Defining a periodicity for the induction motor
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Geometrical type of the Rotation about Z axis with

periodicity number of repetitions
Repetition number of the 4

periodicity about Z
Offset angle with respect to 0

the X line
Create coordinate systems for the motor Define Periodicity Save your problem Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 4
58
Data for the initial points

Chapter 4 The following table shows the data for the first four points, which form the upper half of the
first stator slot. Use the table to enter the information, or work through the complete command
sequence below.
F If you enter the points exactly as they are listed, they will be numbered in this
order, and your screen displays will match those shown in this tutorial.
Create half of the first stator slot Coordinates of 4 points of the upper half of the stator slot
Point Coordinate system X coordinate Y coordinate

Now you can use the coordinate systems and parameters to create the initial points and lines of
the stator geometry. P1 STATLOC 0 0
The geometry can be constructed in many different ways besides the one we present. We create P2 STATLOC SSHEIGHT 0
the geometry in this particular way in order to introduce you to the tools and features you are
P3 STATLOC 0 SSOPEN/2
likely to use most often.
P4 STATLOC SSHEIGHT-SSBR SSBR
Notes on creating and displaying points
Points can be created as a set of coordinates in a specified coordinate system, or as an image of an
Add four points for half of the first stator slot
existing point through a geometric transformation. The points of this problem geometry all use
The first four points define the upper half of the first stator slot. These points will be entered as a
Cartesian coordinates. The coordinates can be values, functions, parameters, or any combinations
set of coordinates in the STATLOC coordinate system. Three of the points are defined using the
of these. You will also use several of the stator parameters as the coordinates of the points of the
parameters you defined earlier.
top half of the first stator slot.
The following figure shows these four points:
As the points are entered, Preflux 9.2 automatically assigns a reference number to each point.
Reference numbers are assigned to all geometric items—in the order in which they are entered.
For instance, our first parameter, the AIRGAP, is ParameterGeom(2); the default parameter, PI,
as you may recall, is ParameterGeom(1).
You may notice that some of the reference numbers in our figures may not be the same as yours.
If you create points or lines in a different order than we use in the text, your reference numbers
will be different. Do not be alarmed at this difference. Items may be entered in any order you
wish, but it is the order that determines the reference number.
You may wish to use these reference numbers, for example, to select items, but the numbers are
not automatically displayed. To see the reference numbers on your screen, use the Display menu.
(You will see how to display the reference numbers later, after you have entered the points.)
Points for upper half of first stator slot
Finally, you may notice that as several points are entered, you may not be able to see individual
points. Use the Zoom All icon whenever you want to see a view of the complete geometry.
Use the Zoom Region icon to enlarge a selected area of the screen to see a specific point or
feature. After using Zoom Region, choose Zoom All to restore the full display.
57 Data for the initial points Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
59 60
Open the New Point dialog The New Point dialog will open:
To add the first point, open the New Point dialog by clicking the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Point, New from the menu.
New point dialog

Program Input
Add the data to create the first point

Geometry
In the New Point dialog, make sure the "Geometric Definition" tab is on top. Then enter or
verify the information as follows:
Point Program Input

New Type of the Point Point defined by its Parametric
Coordinates
Coordinate System for STATLOC

definition
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate 0
Second coordinate 0
OK
Create half of the first stator slot Add four points for half of the first stator slot Add four points for half of the first stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
61 62
Your dialog should resemble the following figure. Your screen should resemble the following figure:
Information to define Point 1
When you click OK, the point will be added. The New Point dialog will close and then reopen.
Point 1 created
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
63 64
The New point dialog box should be open again: Program Input
0
SSOPEN/2
OK
Point 3
New point dialog—after creation of Point 1
Notice that the dialog displays the coordinates from point 1, and that the Formula or Value field
for the First coordinate is active. To create Point 2, you can simply enter the new coordinates
and click OK or press Enter.
F You must press the Enter key to enter point coordinates. If you want to enter the SSHEIGHT-SSBR
default coordinate, press Enter. The data will be entered and the next field will be
SSBR
activated.
Add the data for the next 3 points OK
Point 4
The following figures show the dialogs and the coordinate values you must enter to create points
2, 3, and 4:
Program Input
SSHEIGHT
0
OK
Point 2
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
65 66
You will see the four points in your graphics window. When the New Point dialog reopens, close it.
Closing the New Point dialog to stop adding points
You can click the icon, or choose Cancel.
Program Input
First coordinate Cancel
First four points (upper half of stator slot)
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
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Your screen should resemble the following figure. You should then see the reference numbers for the points on your screen, as shown in the
following figure:
Points 1-4
Points labeled with reference numbers
Label the points with their reference numbers

These four points define the upper half of the stator slot with respect to the STATLOC
To display the reference numbers for the points you have entered so far, from the menu, choose coordinate system. (If you want to remove the point numbers, choose Display, Display point
Display, Display Point Numbers. numbers.)
Program Input
Display
Display point numbers
Notice that Point is the only active choice now, because you have added only points to the
geometry so far.
Create half of the first stator slot Label the points with their reference numbers Label the points with their reference numbers Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
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Using the Edit/Modify command The "Edit Point[1]" dialog will open:
If you want to see additional information about a specific point or any other geometric item, use
the Edit command from the Geometry menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Point
Edit
Editing Point 1
Note that the title bar of the dialog includes the number of the point you are editing.
Within this dialog you can make several kinds of changes. You can
change the coordinate system and coordinates of the point under the Geometric Definition
The Selection of Point to edit dialog will open for you to select the point to edit or modify. (We tab
chose Point 1.)
see the values of the coordinates in meters and change the "nature" of the point under the
Geometric complements tab
see the surface region (if any) to which the point is assigned under the Region tab
check or modify the Mesh point (if any) assigned to this point under the Mesh tab, and
change the color and "visibility" of the point under the Appearance tab.
Look at the other tabs and options in this dialog if you wish.
F Do not make any changes to Point 1 at this time.
Choosing Point 1 to edit
Create half of the first stator slot Using the Edit/Modify command Using the Edit/Modify command Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
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When you are ready to proceed, close the Edit point dialog. A note about selecting items
When you want to select geometric items from the graphics display, you must indicate which
type of item you want to select by choosing one of the selection icons (shown below).
The Selection icons include an arrow symbol and are located in the toolbar below and to the right
of the ? (Help) menu.
Make sure the Select point icon is depressed.
Closing the Edit Point dialog If you prefer, you can choose Select, Select points from the menu.
Program Input
Click the icon or choose Cancel.
Program Input Select
Edit Point[1]
click or Cancel Select points
Next you will draw the first two lines, for the straight side and curved bottom of the slot.
The Select Point icon should be depressed now.
Add the first two lines of the stator slot

In Preflux 2D, lines may be drawn as straight segments or arcs of a circle.
You will use two types of line connections for the induction motor geometry: the straight line
"Segment defined by Starting and Ending points" for the straight sides of the stator slots, rotor
bars and the sides of the stator and rotor; and "Arc defined by its radius, Starting and Ending
points" for the others.
Create half of the first stator slot Using the Edit/Modify command A note about selecting items Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
73 74
The first two lines for the stator slot are (1) a straight line segment between points P3 and P4, The New Line dialog will open:
and (2) an arc between P2 and P4.
Open the New Line dialog
To open the New Line dialog, click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Line, New from the menu:
Program Input New Line dialog
Add Line 1
Geometry
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top.
Then proceed as follows.
Program Input
Line Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and

New Ending Points
Points defining segment

Point
Starting Point 3
To enter the starting and ending points, you can either type the point number into the field in
the dialog, or select the point from the Graphics display.
Create half of the first stator slot Add the first two lines of the stator slot Add the first two lines of the stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
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The following figure shows Point 4 being selected from the Graphics display: The following figure shows Line 1:
Selecting the ending point (4) for the straight side of the stator slot Line 1, straight side of stator slot
To complete the first line, select Point 4 as the end point: When the New Line dialog opens again, close it, because the next line you create must be an arc.
Program Input
Ending point 4
As soon as Point 4 is selected, you will see the line in the Graphics display, and the dialog will
close momentarily.
Closing New Line dialog (after adding Line 1)
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
77 78
Add Line 2, the curved bottom of the slot Enter or verify the information as follows:
Line 2 is an arc between points 2 and 4. Program Input
F Arcs must be created in a counterclockwise direction, so be sure to choose point Type of Line Arc defined by its radius,
P2 first.
Starting and Ending Points
Click the icon again or choose Geometry, Line, New from the menu. System Coordinates ...the arc STATLOC
around 2 ....
The New Line dialog with data for the arc Line(2) is shown in the following figure:
Arc radius ssbr
EXTREM_POINTS
Point
Starting point of the arc 2
Ending point of the arc 4
As soon as you select Point 4, you will see Line 2. Cancel the next line dialog when it appears:
Adding Line 2 (arc for bottom of stator slot)
Line 2
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
79 80
Label the lines with their reference numbers Save your problem
Because you will need to select these lines, label them now. Choose Display, Display Line If you wish, save your problem now. Click the icon in the toolbar.
Numbers from the menu:
Program Input
Program Input
click
Display
Display line numbers
You should see the lines labeled:
Lines 1 and 2 labeled
If you want to remove the line numbers, choose Display, Display line numbers.
In the next chapter, you will create the geometric transformation to make a mirror image of the
half stator slot and thus complete the first stator slot.
Create half of the first stator slot Label the lines with their reference numbers Save your problem Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 5
82
Add the SMIRROR transformation

Chapter 5 To create a mirror image of the upper half of the stator slot, you must designate the line of
symmetry between point P1, and the point in the middle of the slot, P2. This line will not be
drawn, but the two points must be selected as part of the affinity-line transformation.
Complete the first stator slot

In this chapter you will create and apply a geometric transformation to complete the first stator
slot. Later you will duplicate the first slot to create the remaining stator slots for the model.
Geometric transformations are especially useful for a repetitive geometry, such as both the stator
and rotor in this problem. A transformation can duplicate individual geometric features such as
Points 1 and 2 designate the line of symmetry for the stator slot
lines, points, or faces. In this chapter you will create a transformation to duplicate the upper half
of the first stator slot.
About transformations
Transformations are created in a way similar to parameters or coordinate systems. A
transformation is defined by the following:
1. name
2. comment
3. type of transformation (e.g., Affine Transformation with respect ... 2 points), and
4. elements defining the transformation, such as center of rotation, vector of translation, or
angle of rotation.
As you may recall, the periodicities of the stator slots enable us to simplify the construction of
the geometry. To complete the first stator slot, you will define a transformation to create a
mirror image of Lines 1 and 2, the upper half of the slot.
81 Add the SMIRROR transformation Complete the first stator slot

Chapter 5 Chapter 5
83 84
The following figure shows Point 2 being selected to define the symmetry line: Open the New Transformation dialog
To add the SMIRROR transformation, open the New Transformation dialog with the icon
in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Transformation, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Transformation
Point 2 selected to define line of symmetry
New
Complete the first stator slot Add the SMIRROR transformation Add the SMIRROR transformation Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
85 86
The New Transformation dialog will open: Program Input
Scaling factor (Example: -1 = -1

line symmetry
OK
When you click OK, the SMIRROR transformation will be added and the dialog will close
momentarily.
Remember, you will not see the line of symmetry on your screen.
When the New Transformation dialog opens again, close it
New Transformation dialog (to add SMIRROR)
Add data for the SMIRROR transformation
In the New Transformation dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Name of Geometric SMIRROR

Closing the New Transformation dialog
Transformation
Comment mirror image of half stator

slot You can click the button or choose Cancel:
Type of Geometric Affine Transformation with
Transformation respect to a line defined by 2 Program Input
points
Name of the Geometric Cancel
Points for definition of Transformation (SMIRROR_1)
affinity line
Point
First point of straight line 1
Second point of straight line 2
Complete the first stator slot Add the SMIRROR transformation Add the SMIRROR transformation Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
87 88
Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR Open the Propagate Lines dialog
To apply the SMIRROR transformation, you will need to select Lines 1 and 2 from your Using the icon in the toolbar
graphics screen. The following figure shows the lines:
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Propagate, Propagate Lines from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Lines to be propagated with the SMIRROR transformation
Propagate
Propagate Lines
Complete the first stator slot Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
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The Propagate Lines dialog will open: The following figure shows Line 2 being selected:
Propagate Lines dialog
Select the lines to propagate
If you select the lines from the screen, remember to hold down the Ctrl key to select both lines
at the same time.
Selecting Line 2 for propagation
Below is the dialog ready to complete the propagation:
Propagate Lines dialog for second half of stator slot
Complete the first stator slot Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
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Enter the following information: The Propagate Lines dialog will reopen.
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines
1 + Ctrl
Transformation for propagation SMIRROR
Number of times to apply the 1

transformation
OK
When you click OK, the lines will be added:

Closing the Propagate Lines dialog
Close it with the button or Cancel.
Program Input
Lines Cancel
Add a line to close the slot

Add a line to close the outline of the stator slot by connecting points P5 and P3 in our example.
(Point P1, you may recall, is used only to specify the line of symmetry.) The line that closes the
stator slot outline is a small arc based on the inner diameter of the stator.
Remember, an arc must be entered in the counterclockwise direction, so be sure to select point P5
first and then P3.
Second half of stator slot, Lines 3 and 4, created by propagation
Complete the first stator slot Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR Add a line to close the slot Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
93 94
Open the Add Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar Program Input
Open the Add Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar. System Coordinates which orient STATLOC
the arc around a Z axis
Program Input Arc radius sid/2
click EXTREM_POINTS
Point

The New Line dialog will open.
As soon as you choose P3, the line will be added. You should see the complete outline of the first
stator slot, as shown in the following figure.
New Line dialog: Line 5 to close the stator slot
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top. Then enter the information as follows: Outline of first stator slot
Program Input Build the face of the first slot

Geometric Definition Now that the outline of the slot is closed, the “face” of the slot can be generated. The face
represents the surface of the structure and must be constructed in order to generate the mesh.
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius,
Starting and Ending Points Faces are generated automatically in Preflux.
Complete the first stator slot Add a line to close the slot Build the face of the first slot Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
95 96
Using the icon in the toolbar You will see the face of the slot as shown in the following figure:
To build the faces, click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Face, Build Faces from the menu
Program Input
Geometry
Face
Build Faces First stator slot completed
The Console window will display a series of messages as the face is constructed; an example
follows.
The program will immediately construct the face for the stator slot.
Text output in Console for building face of stator slot
Complete the first stator slot Build the face of the first slot Build the face of the first slot Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 5
97
Save your problem

Save your problem by clicking the
menu.
icon in the toolbar, or by choosing Project, Save from the Chapter 6
Program Input
Project
Begin the rotor geometry

Save You have already created the rotor parameters and coordinate systems. In this chapter you will
create points and lines for the top half of the first rotor bar.
Add the first four points for the rotor bar

Because of the symmetry of the rotor bar, you can use a geometric transformation to create a
mirror image of half of the bar. Therefore, you will define points for only half of the rotor bar
geometry.
Define four new points for the top half of the first rotor bar within the ROTLOC coordinate
Next you will begin the rotor geometry. system. The table below shows the information needed to define these four points. Use the table
to enter this information, or follow through the detailed program sequence below.
Rotor bar points
Point Coordinate system X coordinate Y coordinate
P7 ROTLOC RBTOPR 0
P8 ROTLOC 0 RBTOPR
P9 ROTLOC RBTOPR+RBBOTR- RBBOTR

RBHEIGHT
P10 ROTLOC RBTOPR-RBHEIGHT 0
Complete the first stator slot Save your problem

99
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
100 101
Open the New Point dialog The New point dialog will open.
Open the New Point dialog again with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Point, New from the menu.
Data for Point 7, first point of rotor bar

Program Input
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top. Then enter or verify the following:
Geometry
Field Input
Geometric Definition
Type of the Point Point defined by its Parametric

Coordinates
Point Coordinate system for ROTLOC
New definition
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate rbtopr
Second coordinate 0
OK
Point 7 will be added.
Add the first four points for the rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry Begin the rotor geometry Add the first four points for the rotor bar
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
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When the New point dialog opens again, continue to add Points 8, 9, and 10. You should see the four new points as shown in the following figure:
Program Input
0
rbtopr
OK
rbtopr+rbbotr-
rbheight
rbbotr Points for top half of rotor bar
OK
rbtopr-rbheight
0
OK
When the New point dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
New Point Cancel
Add the first four points for the rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry Begin the rotor geometry Add the first four points for the rotor bar
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
104 105
Add the lines of the half rotor bar The New line dialog will open:
Connect the upper left and upper right points of the rotor bar (points P8 and P9) with a straight
line.
Add the straight side of the rotor bar
Open the New Line dialog with the icon or choose Geometry, Line, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Line
New
Adding Line 6
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top. Then enter or verify the following.
Field Input

Ending Points

Point
Starting Point 9
Ending Point 8
Add the lines of the half rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry Begin the rotor geometry Add the lines of the half rotor bar
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
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Click OK to create Line 6: Add arcs for the curved top and bottom of the rotor bar
The second and third connecting lines for the rotor are arcs that form the curved top and bottom
of the rotor bar.
F Remember that arcs must be formed in a counterclockwise direction. Be careful to

select the points in the proper order.
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree
Open the New Line dialog again with the button, or right click Line in the Data Tree and
then choose New.
Program Input
Right click Line

Line 6, straight side of first rotor bar New
Because the next two lines to be added are arcs, close the New line dialog with the button, or
click Cancel.
Closing New Line dialog (for line segments)
Program Input
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
108 109
The New Line dialog will open: The following figure shows point 8 being selected for Line 8.
Adding Line 7
Adding Line 8
Enter or verify the following: In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following for Line 8:
Prompt Input Prompt Input
Geometric Definition Geometric Definition
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius, System Coordinates which ROTLOC
Starting and Ending Points orients the arc around a Z axis
System Coordinates which ROTLOC Arc Radius rbtopr

orients the arc around a Z axis
EXTREM_POINTS
Arc Radius rbbotr Point
EXTREM_POINTS Starting point of the arc 7
Point
Ending point of the arc 10 When the New Line dialog reopens, Cancel it.
As soon as you select Point 10, Line 7 will be created, and the New Line dialog will reopen.
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
110 111
The following figure shows the top half of the rotor bar: Save your problem
Before you continue, you may wish to save your work.
Click the icon or choose Project, Save from the menu.
Program Input
Project
Save
Top half of rotor bar
Add the lines of the half rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry Begin the rotor geometry Save your problem
Chapter 7
114
Add the RMIRROR transformation

Chapter 7 Open the New Transformation dialog
To add the RMIRROR transformation, open the New Transformation dialog by clicking the
button in the toolbar.
Complete the first rotor bar Program Input
In this chapter you will create a transformation and apply it to complete the first rotor bar. For a click
symmetry transformation, as you may recall, you must designate the two points that define the
line of symmetry. For the rotor bar, these points are P7 and P10, and these points are selected
when the RMIRROR transformation is defined. Remember, the line of symmetry will not be
drawn; it serves only as a reference for the transformation.
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Transformation, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Transformation
New
Line of symmetry for the rotor bar, between points P7 and P10
113 Add the RMIRROR transformation Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
115 116
Scaling factor (Example: -1 = -1

line symmetry)
OK
When you click OK, the RMIRROR transformation will be added.
When the New Transformation dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Name of Geometric Cancel

Transformation (RMIRROR_1)
Adding the RMIRROR transformation
Add the data for the RMIRROR transformation
Program Input
Name of the Geometric RMIRROR

Transformation
Comment mirror image of half rotor bar
Type of Geometric Affine Transformation with

Transformation : respect to a line defined by 2
Points
Points for definition of

affinity line
Point
First point of straight line 10
Second point of straight line 7
Complete the first rotor bar Add the RMIRROR transformation Add the RMIRROR transformation Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
117 118
Apply the RMIRROR transformation The Propagate Line dialog will open:
Now apply the RMIRROR transformation with the Propagate command. You will need to select
the three lines of the half bar to be duplicated using the transformation. You may select the lines
in any order; our example shows the selection of the small arc on the left (L7), then the straight
segment (L6), and finally the right arc (L8).
The following figure shows the three lines of the top of the rotor bar.
Propagating lines of the top half of the rotor bar
Top half of rotor bar (lines to be propagated)
Open the Propagate Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar
To propagate these lines, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Complete the first rotor bar Apply the RMIRROR transformation Apply the RMIRROR transformation Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
119 120
Select the lines and add the data for propagation When you click OK, you will see the new lines, as shown in the following figure:
To select all three lines at the same time, remember to press and hold down the Ctrl key after
you select the first line. The following figure shows the lines selected:
Outline of first rotor bar completed with RMIRROR transformation
When the Propagate Lines dialog reopens, close it.

Lines 6, 7, and 8 selected to propagate
Program Input
Proceed as follows:
Lines to propagate
Program Input Lines Cancel
Lines to propagate
Lines LINE
7 + Ctrl
Transformation for propagation RMIRROR

transformation
OK
Complete the first rotor bar Apply the RMIRROR transformation Apply the RMIRROR transformation Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
121 122
Construct the face of the rotor bar You will see the rotor bar and stator slot, as shown in the following figure:
Now construct the face of the rotor bar.
To construct the face automatically, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Face, Build Faces from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
First rotor bar complete
Face
Save your problem
Build Faces If you wish, save your problem now. Click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Complete the first rotor bar Construct the face of the rotor bar Save your problem Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 8
124
The New Point dialog will open:
Chapter 8
Complete the stator and rotor

outlines
In this chapter you will create points and lines for the outer boundaries of the stator and rotor.
Add points for the stator’s outer boundary

To add Point 13
Create the outer edges of the stator, beginning with a straight segment that connects the inner
and outer boundaries of the stator. First you will create points and their connecting line for the
straight bottom edge of the outline, and then use a geometric transformation to create the other Add the data for the points
straight edge at the top of the model.
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top. Then enter or verify the following:
Data for points at bottom edge of stator
Program Input
The following table shows the data for these points.
Point Coordinate System X coordinate Y coordinate Type of the Point Point defined by its Parametric
Coordinates
P13 STATMAIN sod/2 0
Coordinate System for STATMAIN
P14 STATMAIN sid/2 0
definition
Open the New Point dialog with the icon in the toolbar Local coordinates
Formula or Value
Open the New Point dialog with the button in the toolbar.
First coordinate sod/2
Program Input Second coordinate 0
OK
click
Point 13 will be added.
123 Add points for the stator’s outer boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
125 126
When the New point dialog reopens, enter or verify the following: Add the straight side of the stator’s outer boundary
Program Input Now you must connect these points.
Geometric Definition Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree
To open the New Line dialog, click the button in the toolbar, or in the data tree, right click
definition
Line and choose New.
Local coordinates
Formula or Value Program Input
First coordinate sid/2
Second coordinate 0
Right click Line
OK
New
You should see the two new points:
Points for bottom edge of stator
Adding Line 12
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add points for the stator’s outer boundary Add the straight side of the stator’s outer boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
127 128
Select the points to add Line 12 As soon as you choose point 13, Line 12 will be created:
The following figure shows Point 13 being selected to complete Line 12.
Line 12 (stator’s bottom edge)
When the New Line dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Adding Line 12 (bottom edge of stator) Starting Point Cancel
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following: Add a transformation for the stator and rotor sides
Program Input Add a transformation to duplicate the straight sides of the stator and the rotor.
Geometric Definition Open the New Transformation dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the New Transformation dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Ending Points
Points defining segment Program Input

Point
click
Starting point 14
Ending Point 13
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the straight side of the stator’s outer boundary Add a transformation for the stator and rotor sides Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
129 130

System
OK
When you click OK, the SIDES transformation will be added.
Program Input

Transformation (SIDES_1)
Apply the SIDES transformation

Use the SIDES transformation to create the upper straight side of the stator. You will need to
select Line 12:
Adding the SIDES transformation
Add the data for the SIDES transformation
Program Input
Name of Geometric SIDES

Transformation
Comment duplicate stator and rotor

sides
Type of Geometric Rotation defined by Angles and

Transformation pivot point coordinates

definition :
Coordinates of the pivot point

Formula or Value
1st coordinate 0 Line 12
2nd coordinate 0
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add a transformation for the stator and rotor sides Apply the SIDES transformation Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
131 132
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the icon in the toolbar Select Line 12 to propagate
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the button in the toolbar. The following figure shows Line 12 being selected.
Program Input
click
The Propagate Line dialog will open.
Selecting Line 12 to propagate
Enter or verify the following:
Propagating Line 12 (straight side of stator) Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines
12
Transformation for propagations SIDES

transformation
OK
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Apply the SIDES transformation Apply the SIDES transformation Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
133 134
When you click OK, Line 13 will be added. You may need to click the "Zoom all" button to Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree
see Line 13:
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree. Right click Line and choose New.
Close the Propagate Line dialog.
Program Input
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Line Cancel Right click Line

New
Add the stator’s outer boundary
Line 13 (created by propagation)
Now connect points 13 and 16 to create the outer arc of the stator.
Adding Line 14
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the stator’s outer boundary Add the stator’s outer boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
135 136
Add the data for Line 14 As soon as you select Point 16, you will see Line 14:
The following figure shows P16 being selected for Line 14.
Line 14 (stator’s outer boundary)
Program Input
Adding Line 14 Starting point of the arc Cancel
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input

System Coordinates which orient STATMAIN

the arc around a Z axis
Arc Radius sod/2
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the stator’s outer boundary Add the stator’s outer boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
137 138
Add points for the straight side of the rotor The New Point dialog will open:
Now you will add points for the straight side of the rotor.
Data for points at bottom edge of rotor
The following table includes the data for these new points.
Point Coordinate System X coordinate Y coordinate
P17 ROTMAIN rod/2 0
P18 ROTMAIN rid/2 0
Open the New Point dialog from the data tree
In the Data Tree, right click Point and choose New.

Data for Point 17, of the rotor's lower straight side
Program Input
Add the data for the points
In the New Point dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Type of the Point Point defined by its Parametric

Right click Point Coordinates
New
Coordinate System for ROTMAIN
definition
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate rod/2
Second coordinate 0
OK
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add points for the straight side of the rotor Add points for the straight side of the rotor Complete the stator and rotor outlines
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Click OK to add Point 17. The New Point dialog will reopen. Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers
The point P17 is very close to point P14 at the inner edge of the stator, and thus it may be
difficult to distinguish on the screen, even when enlarged.
Data for Point 18, of the rotor's lower straight side
Enter the following for Point 18:
Program Input
Coordinate System for ROTMAIN

definition
Points 18 and 17
Local coordinates
Formula or Value Instead of enlarging the display two or three times to select Points 17 and 18 from the screen,
however, you can create the line by entering the point numbers with the keyboard.
First coordinate rid/2
Second coordinate 0
OK
Click OK to add Point 18. When the New Point dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
First coordinate Cancel
You will use these points (P17 and P18) to construct the line for the lower side of the rotor.
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add points for the straight side of the rotor Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers Complete the stator and rotor outlines
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Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree Enter the points for Line 15
To open the New Line dialog, in the Data Tree, right click Line and choose New. In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following:

Right click Line Ending Points
New
Points
Starting point 17
Ending point 18
Click OK to add Line 15. The following figure shows Line 15 (enlarged).
The New Line dialog will open:
Line for the lower rotor side (Line 15)
To add Line 15, the lower straight side of the rotor
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers Complete the stator and rotor outlines
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Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation The Extrude Lines dialog will open:
Now extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation, which will create the opposite side line as
well as the inner and outer diameters of the rotor.
Open the Extrude Lines dialog
In the Data Tree, right click Line and choose Extrude Lines.
Program Input
Right click Line
Extrude Line 15 (rotor's lower edge)
Extrude Lines
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation Complete the stator and rotor outlines
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Select Line 15 to extrude When you click OK, you will see Lines 16, 17 & 18.
The following figure shows Line 15 selected for extrusion.
Lines 16, 17 & 18 (rotor’s upper side & rotor inner and outer diameters)
Selecting Line 15 to extrude When the Extrude dialog reopens, close it.
In the Extrude Lines dialog, enter or verify the following:

Program Input
Prompt Input Extrude Lines Cancel
Lines 15
Transformation for extrusion SIDES

transformation
Extrusion type Standard
Building options for extrusion Add only Lines and Points
OK
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation Complete the stator and rotor outlines
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Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary The New Line dialog will open.
Finally, create the first section of the stator’s inner boundary. The stator slot openings lie along
this inner boundary, and it also defines the outer edge of the airgap. You will create an arc of
circle between the stator’s straight lower boundary and the first stator slot (points P14 and P5, in
our example). Later you will duplicate this small arc to produce the stator’s inner boundary.
Enlarge the area around the first stator slot so that you can select the points from the screen.
To add Line 19 (first section of stator's inner boundary)
Program Input
First stator slot and lower boundary Geometric Definition
F Remember, an arc of circle must be defined in the counterclockwise direction, so

be sure to choose point P14 first. Starting and Ending Points

Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar the arc around a Z axis
Open the New Line dialog with the button. Arc Radius sid/2
Points defining the arc

Program Input
click Ending point of the arc 5
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
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As soon as you choose Point 5, you should see the small arc between the stator boundary and the Save your work
first slot, forming the bottom section of the airgap:
Now is a good time to save your problem and take a break if you wish. Click the button or
choose Project, Save from the menu.
Program Input
Project
Save
Next you will create custom mesh points for the stator slot and rotor bar. Then you can
duplicate both the face and the mesh together to complete the geometry.
First section of airgap between stator and rotor (Line 19)
Program Input
Starting point of the arc Cancel
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary Save your work Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 9
152
Mesh requirements in the airgap

Chapter 9 A single layer of elements is required in the airgap. In other words, for triangular elements, one
side of each triangle must lie on one of the boundaries of the airgap.
The following figure (enlarged) shows a single layer of elements in the airgap. The airgap is the
narrow column in the center. Notice how the triangular elements are placed to form the single
layer.
Control the mesh density:

Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Mesh elements are created by the automatic mesh generator in Preflux 9.2, and the default mesh
is usually satisfactory in terms of quality, accuracy and size (number of nodes). However,
because the automatic mesh generator is controlled by predefined mesh weights, it may not be
appropriate in every case.
You can adjust or control the density of the mesh through custom mesh points and mesh lines.
In this chapter you will create custom mesh points and a mesh line and apply them to points on
the stator slot and rotor bar.
Preflux 9.2 includes a feature with which you can propagate a face and its mesh at the same time.
Airgap with single layer of elements
We will take advantage of this feature to duplicate the stator slots and rotor bars.
Notes about this mesh Change to the Mesh context

The Mesh commands are available only in the Mesh context. The following figure shows the
For this problem, a fine mesh is required only around the airgap, especially in these three areas:
Mesh context button selected.
The top of the rotor bars (next to the airgap). Due to the skin effect, the current through the
rotor bars is concentrated at the top of the bars.
The stator teeth. The teeth present a possible region of saturation due to the high flux
density in the area.
The airgap itself. A fine mesh in and around the airgap will produce higher accuracy on the Above the Data Tree, click the button to change to the Mesh context.
force computation.
Program Input
click
151 Mesh requirements in the airgap Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9 Chapter 9
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The Mesh context screen is shown below: Displaying only the points and lines may make it easier for you to select points and lines when
you assign the Mesh_Points and Mesh_Line you have created.
To hide the faces, click the icon in the toolbar, or choose Display, Display Faces from the
menu.
Program Input
Display
Display faces
You can change the display at any time.
Mesh context toolbars

Project window: Mesh context
The Mesh context includes some of the same icons and commands as the Geometry context.
Note that in the figure above, the two faces are not displayed. Most of the Display and Select icons are the same, and you can add parameters and
transformations in the Mesh context.
The following figures show the Mesh toolbar icons:
Mesh toolbar icons: Display–Select
Mesh toolbar icons: New-Assign–Check
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Change to the Mesh context Mesh context toolbars Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
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The following figures identify the Mesh toolbar icons: Add the mesh points
You can specify mesh density through either the Mesh_Points or Mesh_Lines options. For this
problem, we use mesh points and one mesh line, around the narrow bottom of the rotor bar.
With mesh points, Preflux 9.2 automatically adjusts the distribution of nodes between two
geometric points. With mesh lines, a geometric line is divided into a prescribed number of
segments, and nodes are placed at the ends of the line segments.
You will create 5 custom mesh points (weight values). Preflux 9.2 has default mesh points
named Large, Medium and Small already defined, and you could modify these and apply them.
However, creating additional mesh points provides better control over the mesh density across
the geometry.
The following table shows the information to define the 5 custom mesh points.
Custom mesh points
Name Comment Value (mm) Color
MRTOP Rotor bar top 0.8 Turquoise
MSBOT Stator slot bottom 2 Turquoise
MAIRGAP Moving airgap 0.4 Yellow
MSOD Stator’s outer diameter 7 Cyan
MRID Rotor’s inner diameter 6 Cyan
The following figure shows the location of the mesh points for the stator slot, the rotor bar, and
the airgap.
Mesh points for rotor bar, airgap, and stator slot
There are two additional points assigned to the MAIRGAP mesh point, as shown on page 170.
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Mesh context toolbars Add the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
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Open the New Mesh Point dialog The New Mesh Point dialog will open:
Open the New Mesh Point dialog with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Mesh Point, New from the menu. Selecting the color of the MRTOP mesh point
Program Input
Add the data for the first mesh point (MRTOP)
Mesh In the New Mesh Point dialog, enter or verify the following:
Mesh point
Prompt Input
New
Name of the Mesh Point MRTOP
Comment top of rotor bar
Appearance
Mesh Point Color Turquoise
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Add the mesh points Add the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
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Now click the Definition tab; the dialog should look like the one shown in the following figure: Add the other mesh points
When the New Mesh Point dialog reopens, continue to add the other mesh points as follows.
Program Input
MSBOT
bottom of stator slot
Appearance
Turquoise
Setting the value of the MRTOP mesh point
Continue as follows:
Program Input
Definition
Definition
Associated Length Unit MILLIMETER
Value of the Mesh Point 0.8

(Length of elements) 2
OK
OK
When you click OK, the MRTOP mesh point will be added. The Console will show the
confirmation message:
MAIRGAP
moving airgap
Appearance
Yellow
MRTOP mesh point added
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MRID
inner diameter of rotor
Definition Appearance
Cyan
0.4
OK
MSOD
outer diameter of stator
Appearance Definition
Cyan
6
OK
The New Mesh Point dialog will reopen.
Definition
7
OK
Closing New Mesh Point dialog
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Open the Assign Mesh Point dialog
Close the dialog with the button or Cancel. Using the icon in the toolbar
Program Input Open the Assign Mesh Point dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Name of the Mesh Point (MRID_1) Cancel Program Input
Assign the mesh points click
Now you will assign the mesh points to the geometry. Remember you can use the Zoom region
button to enlarge your display. Clicking the Zoom all button will display the whole
model.
Points for the MSBOT mesh point Using the menu
First, assign the MSBOT mesh point to the points at the bottom of the stator slot. The following If you prefer, choose Mesh, Assign mesh information, Assign Mesh Point to Points from the
figure shows the points you will need to select. menu.
Program Input
Mesh
Assign mesh
information
Assign Mesh Point to
Points
Points to select for MSBOT mesh point
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign the mesh points Assign the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
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The Assign Mesh Point to Points dialog will open. You will see the 3 points with a turquoise color on your screen:
MSBOT mesh points assigned
Assigning the MSBOT mesh point to the bottom of the first stator slot
Assign the MRTOP mesh point
You can type the point numbers in the fields or select the points from the Graphics display. The following figure shows the points to select for the MRTOP mesh point.
F To select more than one point at a time from the Graphics display, press and hold
down the Control key (Ctrl) while you select the first point.
Select the points and assign the MSBOT mesh point
Program Input
List of Points
Points
4 + Ctrl
Mesh point to assign to Points MSBOT
OK
Points to select for MRTOP mesh point
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The Assign mesh point dialog should be open. You will see the MRTOP mesh points marked as shown below.
MRTOP mesh points assigned
Assigning MRTOP mesh point

Assign the MAIRGAP mesh point
Proceed as follows: The following figure shows the lower points to select for the MAIRGAP mesh point.
Program Input
List of Points
Points
8 + Ctrl
12
Mesh point to assign to Points MRTOP
OK
Points to select for MAIRGAP mesh point (bottom edge)
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The New Mesh Point dialog should still be open. The points will be colored yellow:
Assigning lower points to MAIRGAP mesh point Points assigned to MAIRGAP mesh point
Remember to hold down the Ctrl key to select multiple points from the screen. Two additional points at the top of the geometry should also be assigned to the MAIRGAP mesh
point. The following figure shows these points:
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
List of Points
Points
3 + Ctrl
14
17
Mesh point to assign to Points MAIRGAP
OK
Points to select for MAIRGAP mesh point (at top of geometry)
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Enlarge the area around these points with the button. These points will also be colored yellow.
Program Input
click
The Assign mesh point dialog should be open.
Points 15 and 19 assigned to MAIRGAP mesh point
Now click the button to display the whole model.
Program Input
click
Assigning remaining points to MAIRGAP mesh point
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
List of Points
Points
15 + Ctrl
19
Mesh point to assign to Points MAIRGAP
OK
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Assign the MSOD mesh point Proceed as follows:
The following figure shows the points to select for the MSOD mesh point. Program Input
List of Points
Points
13 + Ctrl
16
Mesh point to assign to Points MSOD
OK
The points will be colored blue.
Assign the MRID mesh point
Finally, assign the MRID mesh point. The following figure shows the points to select:
Points to select for MSOD mesh point
The Assign mesh point dialog should still be open:
Points to select for MRID mesh point
Assigning points to MSOD mesh point
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The Assign mesh point dialog should still be open: You should see the mesh points displayed as shown below:
Assigning the MRID mesh point
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Mesh points assigned
List of Points
Points
20 + Ctrl
18
Mesh point to assign to Points MRID
OK
These points will also be colored blue.
When the Assign mesh point dialog opens again, close it.
Program Input
List of Points Cancel

Points
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Add a Mesh Line The Add Mesh Line dialog will open.
Now add a Mesh Line to control the mesh density around the bottom of the rotor bar. This
Mesh Line will be Arithmetic (meaning the segments are equal divisions) with a value of 2.
Adding a Mesh Line is very similar to adding a Mesh Point. Each Mesh Line is assigned a name, a
comment (if you wish), a color, a type and a value.
Open the Add Mesh Line dialog
To open the Add Mesh Line dialog, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Mesh Line, New from the menu.
Program Input
Adding the MLRBOT mesh line
Mesh
Mesh line Add the data for the MLRBOT mesh line
New
In the Mesh Line dialog, enter or verify the following.
Program Input
Name of the Mesh Line MLRBOT
Comment bottom of rotor bar
Appearance
Mesh Line Color Red
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Add a Mesh Line Add a Mesh Line Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
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Now click the Definition tab. Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom
Now assign the MLRBOT mesh line to the lines at the bottom of the rotor bar (these are Line
#7 and Line #9 in our example).
The following figure shows the lines to select for the MLRBOT mesh line.
Lines to select for MLRBOT mesh line
Adding the type and value for the MLRBOT mesh line Open the Assign Mesh Line dialog
Proceed as follows: Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the Assign Mesh Line dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
Definition Program Input

Type of the Mesh Line Arithmetic
click
Number of segments (of 2
elements)
OK
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Add a Mesh Line Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
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Using the menu Select the lines and assign the MLRBOT mesh line
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Assign mesh information, Assign Mesh Line to Lines from the Select the two lines at the bottom of the rotor bar and assign them to MLRBOT. Remember to
menu. hold down the Ctrl key to select multiple lines from the screen. Proceed as follows:
List of Lines
Mesh
Lines
7 + Ctrl
Mesh Line to assign to Lines MLRBOT
OK
Assign mesh information
Assign Mesh Line to When you click ok, the lines will be colored red, as shown in the following figure.
Lines
The Assign Mesh Line dialog will open.
Lines 7 and 9 assigned to MLRBOT mesh line

Assigning MLRBOT mesh line
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9
183
When the Assign dialog reopens, close it.
Chapter 10
Complete the geometry

Now you will create transformations to duplicate the stator slot and the rotor bar. You will see
how quickly most of the geometry can be completed. You will also create the stator’s inner
outline with a transformation. Finally, you will add small lines to close the airgap.
Add a transformation to duplicate the stator slot

Closing Assign Mesh Line dialog
First add a transformation to duplicate the entire stator slot.
Open the New Transformation dialog
Program Input Using the icon in the toolbar
List of Lines Open the New Transformation dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Lines Cancel
Program Input
Next you will complete the geometry using transformations to duplicate the stator slot and rotor click
bar. The mesh point information for the slot and bar will also be duplicated.
To access the geometric tools, return to the Geometry Context. Above the Data Tree, click the
button to change to the Geometry context.
Program Input
click
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom
185
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186 187
Using the Data Tree Add the data for the SDUPLI transformation
If you prefer, use the Data Tree. Right click on Transformation and choose New In the New Transformation dialog, enter or verify the following:
Name of Geometric SDUPLI

Transformation
Right click Transformation Comment duplicate stator slots
New
Type of Geometric Rotation defined by Angles and
Transformation pivot point coordinates
Coordinate System for STATWORK

definition
Coordinates of the pivot point

Formula or Value
1st coordinate 0
The New Transformation dialog will open:
2nd coordinate 0

System)
OK
To add SDUPLI transformation
Add a transformation to duplicate the stator slot Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Add a transformation to duplicate the stator slot
188 189
When the New transformation dialog reopens, close it. Also, make sure the stator slot and rotor bar faces are displayed, as shown in the following figure.
Closing New Transformation dialog
Program Input Bar and slot faces displayed

Click the icon in the toolbar.
Transformation (SDUPLI_1)
Program Input
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots
click
Now use the SDUPLI transformation to create duplicates of the first stator slot and place them
in the proper positions along the inner outline of the stator. You will be duplicating both the
entire face (lines and points) and the mesh information of the original stator slot.
You may wish to display the full geometry so that you can watch the slots being duplicated. If so,
click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Use SDUPLI to create the other slots
190 191
Open the Propagate Faces dialog The Propagate faces dialog will open:
Open the Propagate Faces dialog with the button :
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Face, Propagate Faces from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
To duplicate the first stator slot
Face
Propagate Faces
192 193
Enter the data for the propagation Program Input
You will need to select the slot face (Face number 1) from the screen or type the number of the Building options for Add faces and associated Linked
slot face (1, in our example) into the field in the dialog. propagation Mesh Generator
OK
Program Input
Faces to propagate As soon as you click ok, the other slots will be generated.
Faces The following figure shows all nine stator slots.

1
The following figure shows the slot face being selected from the screen.
Stator slots added through propagation with SDUPLI transformation
Selecting the slot face for propagation
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Transformation for propagation SDUPLI

transformation
194 195
When the Propagate faces dialog reopens, close it. Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary
Next you will create another section of the stator’s inner boundary, between the first and second
slots, and duplicate this line with the SDUPLI transformation.
Enlarge the first and second slots, as shown in the following figure:
Closing the Propagate Faces dialog Points to select for new section of stator's inner boundary
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar
To open the New line dialog click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
Faces to propagate Program Input
Faces Cancel
click
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary
196 197
The New Line dialog will open: As soon as you choose Point 25, you will see the line on your screen:
Adding Line 60 (stator's inner boundary)

Line 60 (stator’s inner boundary)

When the New line dialog opens again, close it.
Program Input
Geometric Definition Program Input
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius, Starting point of the arc Cancel

the line around a Z axis
Arc Radius SID/2
EXTREM_POINTS
Point
Starting point of arc 3
Ending point of arc 25
Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary
198 199
Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary Select the line and complete the propagation
Now you will duplicate this line, also with the SDUPLI transformation. The following figure shows the line selected for propagation.
Open the Propagate Lines dialog
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the button in the toolbar or by choosing Geometry,
Propagate, Propagate Lines from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Propagate
Propagate Lines
The Propagate lines dialog will open:

Selecting Line 60 for propagation
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines
60
Transformation for propagation SDUPLI

transformation
OK
As soon as you choose ok, the lines will be added.
Propagating Line 60 (stator's inner boundary)
Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary
200 201
The following figure shows an enlargement of the new sections of the stator’s inner boundary: Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary
Finally, connect the last stator slot and the upper edge of the stator. Enlarge the area around the
last stator slot:
Propagated lines of the stator’s inner boundary
When the Propagate lines dialog reopens, close it.

Points to select to close stator’s inner boundary
Program Input
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Lines to propagate
Lines Cancel Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary
202 203
The New Line dialog will open. As soon as you choose Point 15, you should see Line 68:
Adding Line 68 to close stator's inner boundary

Line 68 (last section of stator’s inner boundary)
Add the data for the line When the New Line dialog reopens, close it.
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following: Program Input
Starting point of the arc Cancel

Program Input
Geometric Definition The stator outline is now complete.

We note here that geometric transformations are not required. If you wished, the entire stator
could have been constructed by defining the coordinates of every point and entering all the lines
System Coordinates which orient STATMAIN individually. However, as you have seen, transformations speed up the creation of the geometry,
the line around a Z axis especially for geometries made up of duplicate parts, such as both the stator and the rotor in this
example.
Arc Radius SID/2
EXTREM_POINTS Next you will complete the rotor geometry, in much the same way.
Point
Starting point of arc 56
Ending point of arc 15
Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary
Chapter 10
204
Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar

Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar.
Open the New Transformation dialog
Open the New Transformation dialog with the button or by choosing Geometry,
Transformation, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Transformation
New
Program Input
Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar
206 207
Program Input Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar

Rotation Angle about Z axis 90/7 Now apply the RDUPLI transformation to duplicate the rotor bar a total of 6 times, and the
(Angle Unit of Coordinate rotor geometry will be almost finished.
System)
OK Open the Propagate Faces dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the Propagate Faces dialog with the button:

The Console will show the confirmation message for the RDUPLI transformation:
Program Input
click
Confirmation message for RDUPLI transformation
Program Input

Transformation (RDUPLI_1)
You may want to display the full geometry so that you can watch the rotor bars being duplicated.
Use the button to show the full geometry.
Program Input
click
Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar
208 209
The Propagate Faces dialog will open: The following figure shows the bar face being selected.
Selecting the face of the rotor bar for duplication
Add the data to complete the propagation
Complete the propagation as follows:

To propagate the first rotor bar
Program Input
Select the bar face
Transformation for propagation RDUPLI
You will need to select the bar face from the screen or enter the face number (2, in our example)
in the dialog.
transformation
Program Input Building options for Add faces and associated Linked
propagation Mesh Generator
Faces to propagate
OK
Faces
Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar
210 211
As soon as you click ok, you will see the 6 new rotor bars: Close the airgap
To complete the model, you must close the airgap by creating two very small lines, between
points P17 and 14, and between points P15 and P19.
Add the line at the bottom of the model first.
Enlarge the area below the first bar and slot, as shown here:
Rotor bars produced with RDUPLI
When the Propagate Faces dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Faces to propagate Points to select to close the airgap at the bottom of the model
Faces Open the New Line dialog with the icon

Cancel
Open the New Line dialog with the button:
Only two more lines are needed to complete the geometry.

Program Input
click
Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Close the airgap
212 213
The New Line dialog will open: As soon as you choose Point 14, you will see Line 105:
Adding Line 105

Line 105, closing the lower edge of the airgap
Add the line at the bottom of the model
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input

Ending Points

Point
Starting point 17
Ending point 14
Close the airgap Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Close the airgap
214 215
Add the line at the top of the model Proceed as follows:
Now enlarge the area at the top of the model to add the last line: Program Input
Starting Point 15
Ending Point 19
As soon as you choose Point P19, you will see Line 106:
Points to select for Line 106, the last line to close the airgap at the top of the model
The New Line dialog should still be open:
Line 106 closing the top of the airgap
Program Input
Adding last line to close top of airgap
Close the airgap Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Close the airgap
216 217
Construct the remaining faces for the geometry The following figure shows all 19 faces of the complete model geometry:
With the airgap "closed," you can now construct the remaining faces for the geometry.
To construct the faces, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Face, Build Faces from the menu:
Program Input
Geometry
Complete model geometry created in Preflux 9.2
Face The Console window confirms the creation of the final 3 faces:
Build Faces
Confirmation: 19 faces created
Be sure that you see that 19 faces have been created in all.
Construct the remaining faces for the geometry Complete the geometry Complete the geometry Construct the remaining faces for the geometry
Chapter 10
218
Save your problem

Before you continue, you may want to save your problem. If so, click the
toolbar.
button in the Chapter 11
Program Input
click
Generate, verify and save the mesh
In this chapter you will complete the mesh for the geometry. The Preflux automatic mesh
generator creates the nodes and surface elements, constructs 2nd order elements, and verifies the
mesh.
Change to the Mesh context

Change to the Mesh command menu by choosing the Mesh context button (located directly
above the data tree):
Program Input
click
Save your problem Complete the geometry

219
220 221
Mesh context screen is shown in the following figure: Generate the mesh
Mesh the Lines
The mesh is generated first on the lines, then on the faces.
To mesh the lines, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Mesh, Mesh Lines from the menu:
Program Input
Mesh
Mesh context
Mesh
Mesh Lines
Change to the Mesh context Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate the mesh
222 223
In your graphics display, you should see many more points displayed in the graphics window. Using the menu
These are the nodes on the lines.
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Mesh, Mesh Faces from the menu:
Program Input
Mesh
Mesh
Mesh Faces
It may take several seconds for the program to generate the mesh. The following figure shows
both nodes and surface elements:
Output from Mesh_lines
Mesh the Faces
Now mesh the faces.
Click the button in the toolbar:
Program Input
click
Mesh nodes and surface elements
Generate the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate the mesh
224 225
As soon as the 2nd order elements have been generated, Preflux automatically verifies the quality Your display should resemble the following:
of the mesh. In the Console window you will see the results of the verification:
Mesh verification
If you want to see the mesh elements more clearly, turn off the display of the nodes by clicking
the button:
Program Input
click Mesh (surface elements only)
Save the mesh

To save this mesh, click the button in the toolbar:
Program Input
click
Generate the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh Save the mesh
226 227
Close the project You will return to the main Preflux window.
To close the project, choose Project, Close from the menu
Program Input
Project
Close
Ready to close Preflux 2D
Close the project Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh Close the project
228 229
Close Preflux 2D You will return to the Flux Supervisor.
Close Preflux 2D now by choosing Project, Exit from the menu. We will be returning here after
creating the materials and circuit for the problem. Upon our return, we will use the new
capabilities of Flux 9 to define the physical model.
Program Input
Project
Exit
Flux Supervisor
Close Preflux 2D Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh Close Preflux 2D
Chapter 12
232
Open the materials database (CSLMAT)

Chapter 12 To define the three materials, in the Flux Supervisor, in the Construction folder, double click
Materials database.
Enter the materials

This chapter describes how to enter new materials and properties and modify existing ones. The
model involves three materials: iron, aluminum, and air. You will create material models for the
iron (as a nonlinear steel), and aluminum . The air material is modeled as a vacuum.
For this problem you will model the aluminum with linear material properties using constant
values for the conductivity and relative permeability. It is not necessary to enter other properties
of these materials, such as the thermal properties, since Flux2D takes into account only the
properties relevant to the analysis (magnetodynamic formulation).
Opening the materials database (CSLMAT)
Program Input
Double click Materials database
231 Open the materials database (CSLMAT) Enter the materials

233 234
CSLMAT will open: Program Input
To register, define at least

one property
Please select the property 1 iso MU
Select a model 9 scalar spline
Your screen should resemble the following figure:
CSLMAT (materials database) menu
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel)

A material is defined by a name, a comment, and at least one property. The name of the material
may have a maximum of 20 characters and must start with a letter. The comment is limited to 40
characters. Comments are optional, but they may be useful as a reference.
From the CSLMAT menu, select:

Selecting the scalar spline model for the iron material (nonlinear steel)
Program Input
You will now enter the initial points to define the scalar spline curve. The magnetic field, H, is
Selected command 1 Add entered in A/m, and the magnetic flux density, B, is entered in Tesla.
Selected command 1 Material
Table 1 (below) includes the values you should enter to define the points. If necessary, you can
Name of the material : iron make corrections after the last point has been entered.
Comment nonlinear steel
Enter the materials Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) Enter the materials
235 236
If you click on “Array mode,” however, you will see the following screen:
Table 1. Points for B-H curve
Point number H (A/m) B (Tesla)
1 0.00 0.00
2 129.50 0.50
3 243.25 1.10
4 1850.00 1.60
5 3700.00 1.70
6 9900.00 1.85
7 22100.00 2.00
8 43000.00 2.10
The first point is entered by default as 0, 0 so that row of the table is cross-hatched. You will
begin with the values for the second point.
The screen shown on the previous page is the “Graphics mode” screen. The values are entered in
the fields at the bottom of the window, as shown in the following figure:
Array mode screen to enter B-H values
You may enter the values in either mode.
“Graphics mode” entry for B-H values
237 238
We will show entry in Graphic mode; the points will be displayed with an ´ symbol in the Program Input
graphics window as they are entered.
H (A/m) = 3700
For example, the following figure shows the screen after values for the 2nd point have been
entered: B (Tesla) = 1.7
H (A/m) = 9900
B (Tesla) = 1.85
H (A/m) = 22100
B (Tesla) = 2.0
H (A/m) = 43000
B (Tesla) = 2.1
H (A/m) =
When you have finished entering the values for the 8 points, your screen display should resemble
the one shown below:
2nd point of nonlinear steel B-H curve
As other points are entered, they will also be displayed on the graph. Enter the values for points
2-7 as follows:
Program Input
H (A/m) = 129.5
B (Tesla) = 0.5
H (A/m) = 243.25
B (Tesla) = 1.1
H (A/m) = 1850 Eight points entered for the nonlinear steel B-H curve
B (Tesla) = 1.6
239 240
Choose “End definition” to stop entering values: Now you will need to validate the initial points of the spline curve and enter the saturation
magnetization for the iron. Your screen should resemble the following figure:
All initial values entered
Program Input
H(A/m) End_definition
Accepting the initial points for the B-H curve
You must select the smoothing method for the curve and enter the value of the saturation
magnetization. Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Validate
Please select the smooth method 1 Automatic_smooth
Value of the saturation

magnetization
241 242
You will see a blue field where you should enter the value: You will see the curve with 3 points displayed as green ´ symbols. The smoothed curve passes
through these points:
Entering the saturation magnetization for the iron material
Enter 2.07 as the value for the saturation magnetization:
Program Input
Value of the saturation 2.07

magnetization (Tesla)
Checking spline functions

interpolation
The smoothed curve passes

through the 3 green points
Points chosen for the smoothed curve
The B-H curve is drawn by Flux2D to best fit the points you have entered. It is likely that the
curve does not pass through some of the points. If the curve is not satisfactory, you can modify
the 3 selected points, the saturation value, or the weighting factor, to get the curve you want.
You can also change the maximum value of the abscissa to view the graph in greater detail. When
you are ready, choose Quit and accept the curve as follows:
Program Input
Quit
Validate
Please select the property
Quit
You will return to the Add screen.
Chapter 12
243
Create the aluminum material

Finally, enter the properties for the linear aluminum. Proceed as follows: Chapter 13
Program Input
1 Material
Name of the material : aluminum
Comment linear aluminum for induction

Model an external circuit with
machine
ELECTRIFLUX
Please select the property 3 iso RHO
Please select the model 1 scalar cst Now you are ready to use ELECTRIFLUX, the circuit module, to construct a model of an
external circuit for the motor. You can then use the circuit as the source for a magnetodynamic
Enter the resistivity value in the blue field at the top. or a transient magnetic problem.
Overview of the circuit

The machine in our model is connected in delta; the circuit you will create is shown below.
Resistivity value for linear aluminum
Validate your entry for the aluminum and then close the materials database. Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Value = 0.278e-7
Please select the line whose 1 Validate

value is to be changed
Please select the property Quit
Selected command Quit
Selected command STOP
You will return to the Flux Supervisor. Next, you will model the external circuit.
Circuit topology for delta connection
Enter the materials Create the aluminum material

245
246 247
The R’s in the figure above represent the stator winding end turn resistance; the L’s represent the The small squares beside the components indicate the “hot” points, shown here at the top of the
end turn inductance. The stator windings for phases A, B and C are shown as BPA, BPB, and coil.
BMC, respectively. The squirrel cage, though electrically independent of the stator circuit, is
connected to one end of the delta to establish a common ground.
The voltage sources are each 380V, 50Hz AC, but with a phase difference of 120 degrees. Phase
C will automatically have the same voltage with another 120 degrees phase shift, as given by
Kirchoff’s law. Thus, there is no need to connect phase C with an external source.
In numerical computation, errors may result in zero sequence currents, which in turn cause an
error in the model. This type of error can be avoided if the voltages in the three phases are not The “hot” point of the coil
defined explicitly.
The “hot” point shows the side through which the current should enter the component to give a
Place the circuit components as shown below. positive voltage drop. The components must be placed so these “hot” points are on the proper
side. Thus, the placement of the “hot” point is essential only for the coils.
Start ELECTRIFLUX
To start the circuit module, from the Flux2D Supervisor, double click Circuit:
Circuit components placed on sheet
The components need not be arranged exactly as shown as long as the appropriate connections
Starting the Circuit module (ELECTRIFLUX)
are made.
Overview of the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Start ELECTRIFLUX
248 249
Program Input Open a new circuit problem

Double click Circuit Open a new circuit problem.
ELECTRIFLUX will open. Using the icon in the toolbar
Click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose File, New from the menu.
Program Input
File
New
ELECTRIFLUX (Circuit) window
Start ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Open a new circuit problem
250 251
A new (blank) Circuit and Sheet windows will open. ELECTRIFLUX toolbar
The ELECTRIFLUX toolbar includes icons for project management (New, Open, Save), as well
as special icons for managing components, selecting components, and viewing the sheet.
The following figure shows the ELECTRIFLUX toolbar.
The following figures identify the toolbar icons.
New Circuit and Sheet windows open in ELECTRIFLUX
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Open a new circuit problem Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX ELECTRIFLUX toolbar
252 253
ELECTRIFLUX menus View menu
Below are brief descriptions and illustrations of the ELECTRIFLUX menus. The View menu includes commands to change the appearance of the sheet. For example, you can
display or hide the circuit grid with View, Grid.
File menu
The File menu includes commands to open, save, print, and import/export circuit files.
The Zoom commands are also accessible through the View menu.
Edit menu
Circuit menu
The Edit menu includes commands to manage components on the sheet, e.g., Cut, Copy, Paste,
Delete. The Circuit menu includes commands to arrange components and connections, e.g., to insert
connection points, rotate elements, insert space between components, etc.
F "Automatic component skirting" is a setting that prevents circuit connections from

being made through or across components. This option is activated (checked) by
default.
ELECTRIFLUX menus Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX ELECTRIFLUX menus
254 255
Sheet menu Change the size of the sheet

The Sheet menu includes commands to manage the individual circuit sheets—to change the Before you proceed, if you wish, you can change the size of the sheet window and circuit grid.
name, the background colors, the size of the grid, and so on.
Window menu
The Window menu includes commands for the display of the Circuit window (which includes
the Sheet window).
? (Help) menu
The ? (Help) menu includes commands to link to Flux online help (including a searchable
Index), the Flux User's Guide, and other documentation.
To modify the sheet settings (size of sheet, etc.)
First, click the button to maximize the Sheet window. Then right click anywhere on the sheet to
open the context menu. Choose Sheet settings....
Program Input
click
Right click on the sheet
Sheet settings…
ELECTRIFLUX menus Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Change the size of the sheet
256 257
The Sheet properties dialog will open. When you click OK, the dialog closes. Adjust the sheet window (if necessary) to show your new
sheet size.
Modifying the sheet properties
Program Input
Sheet properties (Sheet_1) New (larger) sheet with grid
Comment induction machine circuit Now you are ready to begin placing the circuit components on the sheet.
Squaring gap (pixels) 10
Line Width 1
Background color [white]
Line color [blue]
Selected line color [red]
Sheet Width 800
Sheet Height 600
OK
Change the size of the sheet Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Change the size of the sheet
258 259
The following figure shows all the components for the circuit in place. Add the coils to the circuit
First, place the coils on the circuit grid.
The circuit requires a total of 3 stranded conducting coils. The solid conductors, like those in the
squirrel cage you will describe later, are solid conductors with eddy currents.
To add the coils, click Coil conductor in the components library.
Program Input
click Coil conductor
Circuit components placed on the sheet
Change the size of the sheet Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the coils to the circuit
260 261
You will see a red coil symbol in the top left corner of the sheet. Place the coil components on the sheet
Move your mouse over the coil symbol, but do not click on the symbol yet. Move the symbol
with the mouse until the coil is in the position shown in the following figure.
Ready to place the coil components (stator windings)
Moving coil B1 into position
Add the coils to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the coils to the circuit
262 263
Then click to place the coil in that position (the coil symbol will turn blue). As soon as you move Click to place coil B2. Move the mouse again to place coil B3, as shown in the following figure.
the mouse again, you will see a second (red) coil symbol.
Placing coil B3 on the sheet

Moving coil B2 into position
264 265
To stop adding coil components, move your mouse off the sheet. Rotate the coils for proper orientation of the hot point
Now rotate the coil components. For each component, complete the two steps below:
1. Click the component to select it (the component will turn red).

2. Click the Rotate icon the appropriate number of times to orient the component.
To stop adding coil components to the sheet
To rotate coil B1
Each time you click the icon the component rotates 90° clockwise. Note that all 3 coils must
be rotated a total of 180° clockwise; you thus need to click the Rotate icon two (2) times to
obtain the proper rotation for these coils.
For example, the following figure shows coil B3 after its rotation. Look closely to see that the
"hot point" is below the pin on the right side of the coil.
Coil B3 rotated
266 267
Proceed as follows: With the three coils rotated, your sheet should resemble the following:
Program Input
click B1 symbol
B1 turns red
click two (2) times
B1 rotates 180° clockwise
click B2 symbol
B2 turns red
click two (2) times
click B3 symbol
B3 turns red
Coils rotated
click two (2) times
268 269
Add the resistors to the circuit You will see a red resistor symbol in the upper left corner of the sheet.
Now add three resistors to the circuit.
To add the resistors, click Resistor in the component library.
Program Input
click Resistor
Ready to place resistor on the sheet
Add the resistors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the resistors to the circuit
270 271
Place the 3 resistors on the sheet Rotate the resistors
Move the mouse over the resistor symbol and then place the 3 resistors as shown in the following Now rotate resistors R1 and R2. (Note that resistor R3 does not need to be rotated.)
figure.
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
click R1 symbol
R1 turns red
click two (2) times
R1 rotates 180° clockwise
click R2 symbol
R2 turns red
click two (2) times
R2 rotates 180° clockwise
Resistors placed on the sheet
Move your mouse off the sheet to stop adding resistors.
Add the resistors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the resistors to the circuit
272 273
With the resistors rotated, your sheet should resemble the following. Add the inductors to the circuit
Now add inductors to model the stator winding end turn inductances.
Click Inductor in the components library.
Program Input
click Inductor
Resistors rotated
Add the resistors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the inductors to the circuit
274 275
You will see a red inductor symbol in the upper left corner of the sheet. Place the 3 inductors on the sheet
Move the mouse to place the three inductors on the sheet, as shown in the following figure.
Ready to add inductor
Inductors placed on the sheet
Move your mouse off the sheet to stop adding inductors.
Add the inductors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the inductors to the circuit
276 277
Rotate the inductors With the inductors properly rotated, your sheet should resemble the following figure.
Now rotate inductors L1 and L2 (note that L3 does not need to be rotated). Proceed as follows.
Program Input
click L1 symbol
L1 turns red
click two (2) times
L1 rotates 180° clockwise
click L2 symbol
L2 turns red
click two (2) times
L2 rotates 180° clockwise
Inductors rotated
Add the inductors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the inductors to the circuit
278 279
Add the voltage sources to the circuit You will see a red voltage symbol in the upper left corner of the sheet.
Now add the two voltage sources.
Click Voltage source in the components library.
Program Input
click Voltage source
Ready to add voltages
Add the voltage sources to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the voltage sources to the circuit
280 281
Place the voltage sources on the sheet Program Input
Move the mouse to place the voltage sources as shown in the following figure.
V1 rotates 180 clockwise
click V2 symbol
V2 turns red
click two (2) times
V1 rotates 180 clockwise
With the voltage sources rotated, your sheet should resemble the following figure.
Voltages added to circuit sheet
Move your mouse off the sheet to stop adding voltage components.
Rotate the voltage sources
Now rotate the voltage sources. Proceed as follows.
Program Input
click V1 symbol
Voltage sources rotated

V1 turns red
click two (2) times
Add the voltage sources to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the voltage sources to the circuit
282 283
Add the squirrel cage to the circuit You will see a red squirrel cage symbol in the top left corner of the sheet.
Finally, add the squirrel cage component at the top of the sheet.
Click Squirrel cage in the components library.
Program Input
click Squirrel cage
Ready to place squirrel cage component
Add the squirrel cage to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the squirrel cage to the circuit
284 285
Move your mouse to place the squirrel cage at the top center of the sheet, as shown in the Save your circuit
following figure.
Now is a good time to save your circuit file. Click the icon or choose Fire, Save from the
menu.
Program Input
File
Save
The following dialog will open.
Adding the squirrel cage to the sheet
Saving the circuit file
Add the squirrel cage to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Save your circuit
286 287
The dialog shows your working directory in the "Save in" field (e.g., ours is "Flux_Work" in the Move the mouse down to a point in line with coil B1 and click on the grid. Then move the mouse
figure above). If you wish to save the file to a different directory, click the button and to the left to coil B1 and click to complete the first connection.
browse to the directory you prefer.
When you are ready, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Save in Flux_Work [working directory]
File name Ind_Motor_Circuit.ccs [or your name]
Save
Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit)

Now connect the components. Place your mouse over the pin of the squirrel cage Q1, until the
cursor changes to a bull's-eye shape.
Notice that with the "Automatic component skirting" option (the default option) you cannot
make an invalid connection, such as one that passes through or over a component. The cursor
changes to a hand pointer as it passes over the components, as shown in the following figure.
Starting to connect the components (wire the circuit) "Automatic component skirting" prevents
connections through components
You can make connections only when you see the bull's-eye cursor.
Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit) Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit)
288 289
Continue to connect the components. Remember that you can click on the grid itself whenever The following figure shows the connections for the complete circuit.
you wish to make the connections more legible.
Circuit connected
Adding a point on the circuit grid

F The end of the squirrel cage is connected to the rest of the circuit for topological
reasons. Flux2D gives an error message if any component is left without a
connection or if two parts of the circuit are not connected.
Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit) Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit)
290 291
Rename components The following figure shows the components with new labels.
You can modify the names of the components if you wish.
For instance, you may want to modify the names of the coil components to indicate the phase of
the coil. The following figures show coil B3 being renamed as BMC.
New component names for coils and voltage sources
Analyze the circuit

The Analyze command verifies that the components are properly connected and defined.
Renaming coil B3 Analyzing the circuit creates the *.CIF file that is used to assign physical properties and
boundary conditions.
F The name of any coil component must begin with a capital B. The initial letter of
any component name cannot be changed. Choose Circuit, Analyse from the menu.
To change a component name, double click the component label and then enter the new name.
Rename components Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Analyze the circuit
292 293
Program Input Click Exit to close the dialog.
Program Input
Circuit
The circuit is connexe. Exit
Save and close the circuit file

The circuit and transmission file are now complete. Save the circuit file by clicking the icon
or by choosing File, Save from the menu.
Analyse Program Input
File
The following dialog will open with a report of the analysis.
Save
Analysis of the circuit
Analyze the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Save and close the circuit file
294 295
Close the circuit by choosing File, Close. Close ELECTRIFLUX

Program Input Finally, close ELECTRIFLUX by choosing File, Exit.
Program Input
File
File
Close
Exit
The following dialog will open.
You return to the Flux2D Supervisor. Next you will define physical properties. This is described
in the second volume of this tutorial, Flux2D: Induction Machine Calculations.
Confirming close of circuit
Click Yes to confirm:
Program Input
Close circuit? Yes
Save and close the circuit file Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Close ELECTRIFLUX

Tutorial Induction Machine Geometry

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Preflux2D 9.

Copyright © 2006 Magsoft Corporation

Cover illustration: Model showing shade plot of the induction motor

Open a new project · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9

Preflux 9.2 project window · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11

About Preflux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xv Toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12

The data tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 13

Notes for experienced/new users · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxviii Mesh menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19

Start Flux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 Help menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 20

The new Flux Supervisor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2 Take time to explore · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 22

Project manager· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6 The model of the motor· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 23

Open Preflux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8 Overview: Defining parameters · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24

Attributes of parameters · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25 Notes on creating and displaying points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57

Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37 Using the Edit/Modify command · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 69

A note about selecting items · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 72

Add the ROTWORK coordinate system· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 49

Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 56

Open the Propagate Lines dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 88

Add the data for the points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 124

Select the points to add Line 12 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 127

Data for points at bottom edge of rotor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 137

Open the Propagate Faces dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 190

Select the line and complete the propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 199

Assign the MAIRGAP mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 168

Add a Mesh Line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 177

Open a new circuit problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 249

View menu· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 253

Window menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 254

Rotate the resistors· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 271

Create the aluminum material · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 243

Place the voltage sources on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 280

Rotate the voltage sources· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 280 Introduction

Save your circuit· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 285

Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit) · · · · · · · · · · 286

Close ELECTRIFLUX· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 295 About Preflux 9.2

The New Supervisor

New Flux Supervisor (for 2D and 3D)

New dialog, after adding the first parameter

Ready to add a new parameter

To close a dialog, click the button or choose Cancel: Activate commands

Use the toolbar buttons

Closing the New parameter dialog after adding the last

Format for user input

Name of Parameter AIRGAP

Comment width of the airgap

Algebraic expression for the 0.25

Use the menu Use the data tree

Program Input Program Input

Creating the first line of the stator slot

Ready to enter the starting point of a line segment

Dialog box to create Line 1, side of stator slot

Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and

Point defining segment

Get started with Preflux 9.2

Line 1 added to the problem database

Starting Point Cancel

Notes for experienced/new users

Notes for experienced/new users About this document

The new Flux Supervisor Program manager

Flux 9.2 Supervisor

The Supervisor is organized into three basic areas:

 the Program manager

Starting the Circuit module from the Program manager

Directory manager and preview of

the Program manager