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Publications Department, English Section,

Ministry of Immigrant Absorption
15 Rehov Hillel, Jerusalem 94581
All Rights Reserved ©
www.moia.gov.il
e-mail: info@moia.gov.il
Military Service |
Military Service
2nd Edition
Special thanks to all I.D.F. and Ministry of Defense Personnel who assisted
in the preparation of this booklet.
Produced by the Publications Department
Laura L. Woolf – Chief Editor, English Language Publications
Ida Ben Shetreet – Director, Publications Department
Research: Eva Madmon
Catalogue Number – 0101302020

Jerusalem 2003
Table of Contents
An Introduction to the Israel 5 ‫מבוא‬
Defense Forces
Compulsory Service 7 ‫שירות סדיר‬
Registration Process 18 ‫תהליך הרישום‬
Induction 22 ‫הגיוס‬
Basic Training 25 ‫הטירונות‬
Benefits to Olim 31 ‫הטבות לעולים‬
Discharged Soldiers 39 ‫חיילים משוחררים‬
Annual Reserve Duty 45 ‫שירות מילואים‬
Useful Addresses 47 ‫כתובות וטלפונים‬
Appendix 58 ‫נספח‬
The I.D.F. -- An Introduction To The Israel
Defense Forces
Most new immigrants (olim) to Israel from English-speaking countries
are not familiar with armies in general or the I.D.F. in particular.
Among the most highly respected armies in the world, the I.D.F. is
exceptional in that it is a citizen army. Nearly all of Israel’s men and
women serve in it – the men throughout most of their lives.
The I.D.F. is a professional force capable of complex military
operations using the most modern technologies. Yet new immigrants
are sometimes surprised by the human, egalitarian approach toward
the individual soldier. Relations between officers and soldiers are on
a first-name basis once basic training is over, and consideration is
generally given to each soldier's personal and family needs.
The I.D.F. recognizes the difficulties olim face in adjusting to Israeli
society, and understands that military service is an essential part of
this integration.
Service in the I.D.F. involves learning army discipline, coping
with fatigue, experiencing basic training (tironut,) learning specific
military skills, and becoming part of a large and sometimes
incomprehensible system. Your fortitude, sense of humor, and
willingness to lend a helping hand, together with your basic belief
in Israel's right to exist and the Jewish people's duty to defend itself,
will greatly assist you during your military service.
This booklet is designed to help you anticipate what you will face
when your time comes to serve. Just remember that many thousands
of immigrants have come into the army before you and today,
despite the inherent difficulties of army service, are proud to do their
share and be part of the Israel Defense Forces.
A portion of the material presented here is based on explanatory
I.D.F. brochures as well as the book "Likrat Giyus" (Towards Call
Up,) by Chaim Rabiya and Emmanuel Rozen (Keter Publishing,
Jerusalem, 1988). Additional material can be found in public
libraries and bookstores.
Military Service 5
You can also get information from the following websites:
• aka.idf.il
• www.after.co.il
• www.hachvana.mod.gov
NOTE: The information contained in this booklet is based on data

provided by various official sources. Details are subject to change.
In case of any discrepency, the regulations of the Ministry of
Immigrant Absorption, the Israel Defense Forces, and other official
bodies will prevail.
6 Military Service
Compulsory Service -- Regulations
Eligibility for Service
Olim (not temporary residents A/1) are conscripted for regular
service (sherut sadir) after 12 months in the country and for
reserve service (miluim or shlav bet) after 24 months in the country
(depending on their age and date of aliyah; see below).
Even if you have not received a call-up notice (tzav kriya,) you
are legally required to register within 6 months of receiving "oleh"
status. (Notices to this effect appear regularly in the press and in
public announcements).
Length and Type of Compulsory Service

The length and type of your compulsory service is based on your
age on the date you first arrived in Israel, regardless of your status
at the time (tourist, temporary resident, oleh, etc.) and on your family
status on the date of induction. Your medical profile is also taken
into consideration. A stay in Israel as a tourist or temporary resident
followed by two or more years away from Israel will usually not be
counted in determining the date of your first arrival.
If you stayed for up to one year on a program under the
auspices of the Jewish Agency or Student Authority, and have
written authorization from these bodies, your date of arrival will be
calculated as follows:
• If you left the country upon completion of the program and
returned to Israel after being absent for a year or more, the date
you returned will be considered your “date of arrival.”
• If you stayed in Israel, or left and returned within one year, the
date of your first entry into the country is considered to be your
“date of arrival.”
NOTE: These criteria do not apply to children of Israelis who reside

overseas.
Military Service 7
Table I.
Compulsory Service for Men who Made Aliyah After
1/1/2001
Age on Arrival Family Status

____________________________________________________________
Single Married Married +1 Married
+2 or More
____________________________________________________________________
18-19 30 Months 18 Months 39 days Reserves*
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
26-29 100 days 39 days 39 days Reserves*
reserve duty reserve duty reserve duty
_____________________________________________________________________
Note that these regulations are subject to charge at any time. Length
of service after age 24 may change according to one's state of
health and other factors.
8 Military Service
Table II.
Compulsory Service for Men Who Made Aliyah Before
1/1/2002
Age on Profile Family Status

Arrival
____________________________________________________________
Single Married Married+1 Married
+2 or More
_____________________________________________________________________
To Age 18 31-97 36 Months 36 Months
_____________________________________________________________________
18-19 65-97 30 Months 18 Months 39 Days Reserves*
64 and under Reserves
____________________________________________________________________
20-21 65-97 24 Months 12 Months 39 Days Reserves*
64 and under Reserves
____________________________________________________________________
22-23 65-97 100 Days 39 Days 39 Days Reserves*
64 and under Reserves Reserves
___________________________________________________________________
24-27 65-97 100 Days 39 Days 39 Days Reserves*
64 -31 Reserves Reserves Reserves Reserves
_________________________________________________________________
28-39 Reserves* Reserves* Reserves* Reserves* Reserves*
________________________________________________________________
40+ Exempt
_____________________________________________________________________
* Those assigned to reserve units are subject to conscription,
however they are only called up for service according to the
needs of the army.
Military Service 9
Table III.
Compulsory Service For Women
Age on Arrival Unmarried Married
__________________________________________
to age 17 21 months exempt
__________________________________________
17 and over exempt exempt
Table IV.
Length of Service for Oleh Physicians and Dentists
Age at Conscription Length of Service
____________________________________
Doctors
____________________________________
Men 18-32 18 months
____________________________________
From age 33 and up Reserve Duty
Dentists
____________________________________
Men 18-29 18 months
____________________________________
30 and up Reserve Duty
Women above the age of 17 are exempt from service, but may
serve on a volunteer basis.
Conscription for doctors and dentists is dependent upon receipt of
an Israeli medical license from the Ministry of Health (For details
about Israeli licensing procedures, consult the brochure entitled
"Medical Professionals" available from the Publications Department.
See the order form at the back of this booklet). It is also necessary
to have a reasonable command of Hebrew. Upon conscription,
physicians undergo a placement interview with the Chief Medical
Officer. Afterwards they are sent to a training course that lasts
approximately two months. Olim who serve in compulsory service
10 Military Service
as physicians or dentists receive the same salary as that paid to
those in the standing army (keva.)
Note: in all cases determination of the exact length of service will

be decided only after you report to the draft office and may be
influenced by additional factors which have not been mentioned in
this booklet.
Foreign Citizenship
The military service law requires that every permanent resident be
conscripted, regardless of whether or not he holds foreign citizenship.
If you are concerned about maintaining foreign citizenship in light
of your service in the I.D.F., then before conscription you should
check with the appropriate oleh association or consulate in order
to clarify and protect your status. If required, the I.D.F. will provide
a document affirming that your army conscription is an involuntary
action and that it is compulsory and unavoidable.
Service in Foreign Armies

The I.D.F. grants reductions in length of service to those who have
served in foreign armies. To qualify for this reduction, you must be
able to present proof of your previous military service.
If you have served in a foreign army for 18 months, you may have
to serve up to an initial 100 days of reserve service (miluim). A
physician or dentist must serve at least six months in the career army
(keva). Upon completion of this initial service, you will be assigned
to a reserve unit.
Service of less than 18 months in a foreign army may be deducted
from the length of required compulsory service in accordance with
I.D.F. regulations, on condition that the foreign service is recognized
by the I.D.F.
Returning Israelis
Israeli citizens of army age living abroad who return to Israel are
required to serve in the army according to the following criteria:
Military Service 11
• Those who either left Israel under the age of 16 (or 15, if they left
prior to 1/5/97) or were born abroad to Israeli parents, who
do not return to take up residence in Israel on a permanent basis
before the age of 21, are generally exempt from conscription.
Those who do return to Israel on a permanent basis are subject
to the same regulations as a new oleh. One who visits the
country on a one-time basis, for a period of up to one year, or
who makes separate visits for a number of days totaling no more
than 120, is not considered as having “returned to Israel.”
• Those who left Israel at age 16 or over are subject to
conscription when they become 18 according to the Military
Service law. Duration of service is the same as for all other
Israelis.
Exemptions from Service

Men
Exemptions from the army for men are extremely rare. Each case is
investigated very carefully.
Women
Women may be exempted from military service for reasons of
religious conscience, marriage, pregnancy or motherhood. A
woman may receive an exemption on religious grounds under the
following conditions:
1. She has declared that for reasons of conscience, or a religious
way of life, she is prevented from doing military service and has
proven this to the satisfaction of the exemption committee.
2. She keeps the laws of Kashrut at home and outside the home.
3. She does not travel on Shabbat.
Remember that women who arrive in Israel at age 17 and over are
generally exempt from army service.
12 Military Service
Many women who are exempt from army duty for religious reasons
volunteer for "Sherut Le'umi" -- National Service. Sherut Le'umi
volunteers serve the country by assisting under-privileged children
and the handicapped, working in hospitals, institutions, and in
various other important capacities.
Deferments or Advancements of Service

Under certain circumstances, an oleh soldier may defer or bring
forward his date of conscription. Each case is judged on its own
merit, and the I.D.F. retains the right to allow or disallow deferment
or advancement. Length and type of service after being deferred or
advanced is also left to the discretion of the I.D.F.
Any request for deferment or advancement of service should be
submitted to the draft board in your area long before enlistment
date.
Change of Personal Status

Should your personal status change in the period between your
date of arrival and your date of call-up (e.g., you get married or
have additional children,) the length of compulsory service will be
calculated in accordance with your family status on the date of
call-up.
All reductions in length of service due to changes in personal status
are valid only if you register for military service with the local draft
board at the proper time and notify the board of these changes in
advance, prior to your actual induction. Should you postpone your
initial registration, you may forfeit your right to have your service
period shortened.
Military Service 13
Compulsory Service -- Options
Regular Service
Olim who do a full period of regular service – (Sherut Sadir) have
the same service options as other Israeli recruits. At the induction
center (Bakum–“Basis Klita U’Miyun”) you will be presented with
all the available service options (see section on Bakum). You will
then begin basic training in the army unit to which you have been
assigned. After basic training, selections will be made for specialty
training on the basis of competence and leadership ability.
The majority of I.D.F. job opportunities are open to both men
and women, including technicians and communications specialists,
weapons instructors, air force navigators, military and border police,
cartographers, and administrative and ordnance personnel.
Study Reserves
Olim who wish to postpone compulsory military service in order to
pursue advanced studies after high school may enter one of the
Study Reserves (Atudot): The Academic Reserve, the Pedagogical
Reserve, or the Technological Reserve. If you are accepted into one
of the Atuda frameworks you will be required, upon completion of
your studies, to serve the full period of regular service as determined
by your status at the time of registration. This applies even in
cases where your family status has changed during the period of
studies. You will be conscripted at the beginning of your studies
and your military service will be deferred until you obtain a
bachelor's degree. Studies in a preparatory course (mechina) are
not considered as academic studies. Military service for mechina
participants will be deferred as needed. Conditions for women
wishing to serve in the Academic Reserves are similar to those for
men.
14 Military Service
Atuda Bet
New immigrants who completed high school overseas, and who
have a matriculation certificate or its equivalent, and who have
been accepted into an institution of higher education in Israel, can
join the Atuda Bet (new immigrant study reserves) and complete
degree studies according to the following conditions:
• It is necessary to submit a request to join the Academic Reserves
within the framework of Atuda Bet. Acceptance to Atuda Bet is
not limited by areas of study or by the number of participants.
• Period of time between the date of aliyah and the beginning of
studies:
- Study in a pre-academic preparatory course (mechina)–up
to one year from the time of arrival in Israel.
- Study for an academic degree–up to two years from the
date of arrival.
- Study for a technological degree- up to 1 year from the date
of arrival.
• New immigrants are conscripted into the I.D.F. at the beginning of
their studies and have their service deferred until the completion
of studies at the bachelor’s level.
• New immigrants who serve in the army in the profession they
have studied will be obliged to serve in the standing army
(keva).
Academic Reserves
A new immigrant who completed high school in Israel must serve
in the army from the age of 18 like any other Israeli citizen. If you
wish to study in an institution of higher education prior to army
service the army permits a deferral within the framework of one of
the academic reserves under the following conditions:
• Olim who completed high school in Israel must meet all of
the acceptance criteria of the academic institution and the
requirements of the Army.
Military Service 15
• Following regular service, it is necessary to serve in the Standing
Army (keva).
• New immigrants are conscripted at the beginning of studies and
service is deferred until the completion of a bachelor’s level
degree.
• Studies in a pre-academic preparatory course (mechina) for
new immigrants are not considered as high-school studies in
Israel. Students in a mechina are granted deferrals of service on
a case-to-case basis.
The Pedagogical Reserve

Oleh students who completed their high school education outside
of Israel, and start studies at a recognized teachers' training college
within a year of arrival in Israel, may join the Pedagogical Reserve
(Ha'Atuda Ha'Pedagogit).
The Technological Reserve

If an oleh student whose high school education was completed
outside of Israel begins studies at a technical or technological
training college within a year of arrival in Israel, he may be eligible
to join the Technological Reserve (Ha'Atuda Ha'Technologit).
The Technological Reserve enables students to pursue advanced
studies for the technician's or practical engineer's diploma. Students
in the Technological Reserve are obligated to perform one or
two additional years of career army service following compulsory
service, if working in their field in the army.
Placement of Graduate Olim

In general, new immigrants who have an academic degree, and
who have completed basic training and specialization training,
are assigned to a regular army unit until the completion of their
compulsory service. It is possible to request an assignment in your
profession when you meet with the assignment officer at Bakum. If
the army agrees to the placement, the soldier is allowed to work in
16 Military Service
his profession on condition that he commits himself to an additional
11⁄2 years of service in the Standing Army (Keva) following the
regular period of compulsory service.
Nahal
Nahal (Noar Halutzi Lohem,) the "Fighting Pioneer Youth," provides
an opportunity for groups (garinim) to do their army service
together. More information about Nahal is available from the I.D.F.
Recruitment Officer.
Hesder
Hesder combines military service with yeshiva study. Service in
Hesder usually requires a commitment of approximately 5 years in
the army including the period of study.
Shlav Bet
Shlav bet is designed for older olim who do not serve in regular
army service. Shlav bet involves a few weeks of basic training
followed by a period of reserve duty (miluim). Shlav bet service
usually lasts up to 120 days.
Olim doing shlav bet are specially inducted with people their
own age. Basic training takes place in a regular basic training
camp. In shlav bet, the choice of branches and duties available to
participants is limited. Hebrew ulpan is usually unavailable.
Olim doing shlav bet receive monthly payments via the National
Insurance Institute (Bituach Leumi) provided that they have previously
opened a file there and that their premium payments are
up-to-date.
Upon completion of their shlav bet service, these olim are assigned
to a reserve unit together with those who have done regular army
service.
Military Service 17
Registration
Every oleh (not temporary residents A-1) should receive an "Order
to Report for Registration" (tzav hityatzvut) during their first year
in Israel. This order indicates the date you are to report, register,
and undergo a preliminary medical examination at your local
induction center. If you have not been issued such an order, or if you
have become an oleh some time after arriving in Israel, you must
nevertheless report within 6 months of attaining oleh status.
When to serve in the army is one of the biggest decisions an oleh
makes. Postponing military service may create a situation in which
you find yourself in a unit with recruits much younger than you,
since most Israelis enter the army at age 18. If you wait too long, it
may become inconvenient in terms of work and family obligations
when the army does call you. Delaying army service is particularly
problematic for olim who establish a business before their initial
service period.
Although the army does run Hebrew language courses (ulpanim,) it
is important to have gained a basic working knowledge of Hebrew
prior to induction.
Sometimes it is advisable to serve while you are still eligible for oleh
privileges. The Ministry of Immigrant Absorption does provide some
aid to the oleh soldier during regular service, and oleh privileges
are extended for the term of compulsory army service.
You are advised to check with the special Ministry of Immigrant
Absorption counselors for soldiers regarding these matters before
you are due for your initial visit to the draft board, and sometimes
even before changing status. Advice and counseling is also
available from the various oleh organizations. The timing of your
army service may sometimes be crucial in the context of your
absorption in general.
The Registration Procedure

The following items are required for your first appearance at the
draft board:
18 Military Service
• Order to report for registration (tzav hityatzvut), if received.
• Identity cards -- te'udat zehut and te'udat oleh.
• Passport(s), including canceled ones, showing all visas and
dates of arrival.
• Diplomas and other certificates of profession or education --
(original and photocopy). Students should bring confirmation
of their studies, or of registration in an institution of higher
education.
• Documents regarding previous service in a foreign army (if
applicable,) original and photocopy.
• The medical form which should have been received prior to
induction (if you have not already returned it by mail).
• Medical documents that attest to any health problems. These
should be submitted with the medical form.
• Documents that certify personal status, such as those that attest
to single or married status, in order to receive appropriate
benefits.
• Results of a didactic test, if undergone, from a psychologist or
didactic diagnostician, in Hebrew, for those who suffer from
learning disablitities.
NOTE: original documents should be brought for display purposes

only. Only photocopies should be submitted. NEVER give original
documents to anyone!
The First Interview

At the draft board (lishkat hagiyus), all pertinent facts should be
brought to the attention of the clerks. These include family status,
married, without family in Israel, etc. An only son (in families where
there are no other children) cannot be sent to a front-line unit, unless
his parents sign a waiver. The same qualification exists if a member
of the family was killed while serving in the army.
Military Service 19
Tests
A battery of tests is given, including a Hebrew test. If you took the
Hebrew test at the time of your initial registration, but are not due
to be inducted for several months, you are advised to apply for a
repeat Hebrew test if you feel that your command of the language
has improved. A higher grade on the Hebrew test may mean a
more interesting assignment during your army service.
Upon completion of the tests you will be sent a questionnaire
that requests your preferences of service. You must fill out the
questionnaire in order to receive an appropriate assignment.
Medical Profile
A medical examination will determine your "profile" rating. Factors
affecting your profile include medical history, vision problems,
medications, operations, and psychological problems. Be sure to
bring all relevant medical documents to this examination, and to
furnish all your medical details in order to prevent problems during
your army service.
Once the medical examination is complete, you then wait to receive
a date to report for induction.
Requesting a Deferment
If you feel that you have a specific personal problem preventing you
from serving, you may submit a written request for postponement of
your induction date when first reporting to your local draft board.
This request will be given all due consideration. However, if you
have already received notice of an official date of induction, this
date should be considered in force until an official reply to the
request for postponement is received. It is advisable to check with
the counselor for immigrant soldiers at the Ministry of Immigrant
Absorption before submitting such a request. It is also recommended
to report any personal problems that may affect your army service
to the local draft board.
20 Military Service
Overseas Travel before Induction
A new immigrant who wishes to travel overseas prior to compulsory
service does not need any authorization from the army on condition
that he returns to Israel no later than three days before induction.
Before Induction -- general tips

1. Talk to those who have finished their army service. Ask them
what to do, what to say, and what to bring. Ask them about the
different branches of service.
2. Find a place to live before you report for service. Israel is a small
country and soldiers go home during leave. In particular cases
the I.D.F. will contribute towards lodging expenses, but they will
not provide you with a place to live during leave.
3. As indicated above, soldiers entering shlav bet service should
ensure that their dues to the National Insurance Institute (Bituach
Leumi) are paid up, and should similarly clarify with their
employer precisely how their payment application should be
submitted in order to ensure prompt payment.
4. If you wish to retain foreign citizenship, check with your oleh
association and consulate.
5. Prior to induction, new olim are summoned to the draft board
and informed of the various service opportunities available to
them. During this interview you should explain any personal
problems or difficulties which you may have.
The army frequently organizes parents' meetings when parents can
get information and explanations about what their children are likely
to encounter during army service.
Military Service 21
Induction
New recruits first report to the Induction Center – "Bakum" (basis
klita u'miyun). There you will receive an army identity card (pinkas
hoger) with a serial number (mispar ishi). Memorize this number as
soon as you can, for you will be repeating it often.
Those entering compulsory service will be issued uniforms,
underwear, socks, a shaving kit and a toothbrush, two pairs of
boots, and a kit bag (duffel bag) in which to carry their possessions.
Reservists (those serving 120 days or less) are given less equipment.
On receipt of your uniform and boots, check if they fit properly.
Exchange them immediately if they are uncomfortable.
On your first day at Bakum you will also be photographed, given
injections, and given a cash advance against your monthly stipend.
Army pay is transferred directly to your bank account, and you can
either open a bank account at Bakum, or use an existing account.
After receiving your gear, you will be interviewed by a selection

officer (unless you had made a previous arrangement such as
Nahal or a pilot's training course). This officer is responsible for
assigning you to a branch of the armed forces, such as tanks,
artillery, or infantry, according to the manpower needs of the army.
He will examine your medical profile and age, and ask you for your
three preferred areas of service. His decision is based primarily on
the needs of the army, although he will try to honor your requests
if possible. Olim receive no special consideration in choice of
assignments. The army's criteria for assignments include educational
background, medical profile, the overall proficiency rating of the
recruit, and his wish to volunteer for a particular unit. Olim are
assigned according to the same criteria as any other recruit.
From Bakum, you will be sent to an army ulpan or to basic training.
Each branch has its own training base. Only at the end of basic
training will you receive a unit assignment or be sent on to a
specialized training course.
22 Military Service
The Volunteer Center
If you wish to volunteer for a special unit your induction procedures
will be slightly different. You will have to take aptitude tests,
psychometric exams, and special medical exams, as well as
motivation tests. If you pass all the tests you are invited to what is
known as gibush. Gibush is essentially a series of further tests and
exercises that lasts approximately one week. It can often be very
grueling, but it is during gibush that final selections for crack units
are made. Those that are chosen are sent on to basic training, while
those that are not are assigned to a regular unit.
What To Take
Although the army takes care of all your basic physical needs,
you will need to bring some personal equipment from home. The
items recommended in the following list will go a long way toward
facilitating your basic training and service.
• Personal first aid kit with bandaids (plasters,) mosquito repellent,
aspirin and personal medications.
• Plastic bags to organize and separate your clothes and
equipment as well as to keep everything dry and dust-free.
• Elastic (about 2 feet in length) for garters (gumiot) to hold up
your pants' cuffs and also for eyeglasses.
• Pocket or draftsman's knife (olar) used for everything from
opening packages to cutting materials.
• Razor blades (even if you have a beard,) matches and candles
are required for basic training.
• Siddur, Talit, and Tefillin for observant soldiers; the army also
supplies these upon request.
• Waterproof felt tip pen for marking all your army equipment with
your name and serial number.
• Pen, paper, envelopes, and air letters (stamps are not necessary
for domestic mail).
• Telephone telecards.
Military Service 23
• Length of stout cord for a clothes line, holding up your pup tent,
tying together blankets with loose equipment and a hundred
other uses.
• Small flashlight.
• Toilet paper (absolutely essential).
• Small screwdriver for cleaning your weapon.
• Long shackle lock to lock your kit bag.
• Laundry soap for washing out socks and underwear when you
can't go home on leave.
• Shoe polish, black or brown, depending on what branch you
serve in.
• Safety pins for pinning tags on your uniform.
• Shower sandals (kafkafim).
• Extra gray socks, shoelaces and underwear.
• Toiletries and hand soap.
• A covered watch strap.
• An old toothbrush for cleaning your weapon.
• Electrical tape.
• Sheet (optional).
• Towel.
It is usually not necessary to have more than one set of civilian
clothes with you.
Everything you bring should be as small and light as possible,

because in basic training you will often have to carry all of your
equipment.
24 Military Service
Basic Training
Probably the most difficult period in any soldier's career is basic
training (tironut). Tironut differs in intensity depending on age, health,
sex, and branch of service.
Basic training has two purposes:
1. To teach individuals the essentials of soldiering.
2. To teach people from different cultures and walks of life to work
together and help one another.
Through the rigors of basic training, you learn about your own
capabilities, those of your fellow soldiers, and a great deal about
human nature under stress. Everyone is stretched to the limits of
his endurance and strength. You will be surprised to discover that
your physical and mental capacities are greater than you ever
expected. One cannot really prepare for tironut, although some
physical training, especially running, may help.
The day-to-day components of basic training include inspections,
hikes, runs, carrying loaded stretchers, field exercises, and constant
guard duty. Lectures, films, and excursions offer a welcome break
from the daily routine.
There may be times during basic training when you feel like arguing
and complaining. It might not always be easy, but it is to your
advantage not to cut yourself off from contact with your comrades.
You will find that it is better to try to establish friendships, even if
they are with people that you would not otherwise normally choose
as friends. The ability to laugh and joke together will ease tensions
considerably and help to get you through the difficult moments.
Once a soldier has finished tironut, he is usually sent to a military
speciality course where he is taught the skills he will use throughout
the rest of his army service.
Military Service 25
Helpful Hints for Basic Training
If you enter the army with a beard, you are not required to shave,
but if you enter clean-shaven, you are expected to be clean-shaven
at every morning inspection.
A large amount and variety of equipment is given to each soldier.
Check all equipment immediately for defects -- tears, missing buckles,
incorrect size -- and exchange defective equipment on the spot. You
are responsible for every piece of your equipment. Write your name
on all items and look after them carefully. Don't sign for anything
you don't receive. Remember, you are liable to be tried and fined
for the loss of any equipment or documents issued to you.
Your weapon is central to your basic training. Never let it out of your
sight! Loss of a weapon is a major offense and carries a heavy
penalty.
Always show up prepared and on time. Don't be a wise-guy, and

avoid arguments with officers. Keep your wits and your temper
about you. Don't take anything personally. You will find when it is
all over that your officers and commanders were simply doing their
jobs. Lastly and most importantly, buoy up those around you, and
they in turn will keep up your spirits.
During certain periods, especially during basic training, special
days are set aside for parents to visit their childrens' bases. During
the period of preparation for the army, the parents of soldiers are
also prepared for the experience. The army organizes parents'
nights when parents can get information and explanations about
what their children are likely to encounter during army service.
26 Military Service
How to Guard Your Health
Despite the pressure and physical difficulties, and necessity of being
active in every type of weather, the army does its best to send you
home healthy and whole. However, there are steps that you can
take personally in order to reduce the chances of illness and to
keep yourself feeling fit. The following tips are designed to help you
keep up your health.
Drink Plenty of Water. During the summer months particularly, it is
vital to drink tremendous quantities. At least four liters of water daily
is the minimum.
Protect Yourself From the Heat. During the months of April through
October, you will hear radio and television weather reports refer
to the "omes hahom." This is roughly translated as the intensity of
the heat and refers to a combination of the temperature, humidity,
and wind speed. Being aware of the omes hahom is especially
important to soldiers, particularly those involved in field exercises.
In areas where the heat is very intense it is possible to suffer from
heat stroke even if you are careful to drink enough water. Don't take
any chances -- heat stroke can be fatal! When you are exerting
yourself physically your body temperature rises and does not have
the chance to cool down. Be sure to drink water at every possible
opportunity. Take every available opportunity to rest, in the shade if
possible. Wear a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and loose clothing,
but avoid sleeveless shirts. Seek medical attention immediately if you
begin to experience any of the symptoms of heat stroke, including
weakness, dizziness, or nausea.
Diarrhea. In any case of diarrhea, consult with a doctor immediately
in order to ascertain that you are suffering from a simple digestive
upset or virus, and not a more serious condition. Be sure to
drink plenty of water in order to replace body fluids and avoid
dehydration. If you have any doubts as to the cleanliness of water,
use the water purification tablets provided by the army.
Protect Your Feet. Your feet take a great deal of punishment during
basic training, especially during long marches. Make use of every
Military Service 27
chance to remove your boots and socks and let your feet breathe.
Try to change socks at least once a day.
Medications. The army is solely responsible for your health.
Therefore, it is forbidden to take any kind of medications, even
simple aspirin for a headache, without reporting your complaint to
an army doctor.
Whom to Approach
All complaints and requests (except in extraordinary cases) must
go through the regular chain of command. An enlisted man is not
allowed to approach an officer with a particular problem without
going through the mem-kaf, (mefaked kita - N.C.O.) first. In some
cases it is possible to consult with your officers by talking to them
in person or in writing. Officers must respond to letters within a
specified time period.
If you are not satisfied with the answer your immediate officer
gives you, you can petition for an interview with the next highest
commander. Theoretically you can make requests all the way to the
Chief of Staff.
Most contact with the bureaucracy takes place in the office of the
mashakit tash (she is responsible for conditions of service.) A good
mashakit will save you lots of heartache. She can intercede on your
behalf with your commanding officers, ask for special assistance, or
do several little things that may make your stay in the army easier.
However, she, like you, is a "low man on the totem pole."
Some units also have a "mashakit aliyah" who is responsible for
helping olim in being absorbed into their units, helping with Hebrew
studies and advising them on issues relating to conditions of service.
The mashakit aliyah does not replace the mashakit tash.
Public Inquiries Commissioner

The Public Inquiries Commissioner (katzin pniyot hatzibur) handles
matters including parental inquiries regarding children serving in the
I.D.F., direct inquiries from soldiers in regular service and reserve
28 Military Service
duty, regarding mismanagement in their units, deferments and
exemptions, family and psychological problems affecting soldiers,
medical problems and medical board decisions, and unanswered
requests for easing conditions of service.
Soldiers’ Complaint Commissioner

Soldiers who believe that they have been the victims of mistreatment
or injustice within the military framework may submit complaints to
the Soldiers’ Complaint Commissioner (netziv kvilot hachayalim).
Family members may also submit complaints on behalf of a soldier.
Complaints must be submitted within one year of the precipitating
incident.
The Town Major

The Town Major’s office (Katzin HaIr) in each city may be able to
assist in matters including salary advances, permits, authorizations
and documentation (of rank, occupation, completion of courses,
etc.). The Town Major may also be able to help families to locate
soldiers on bases.
Religious Services
The Israeli army is a Jewish army, but every soldier in the I.D.F.
(regardless of his faith) is entitled to practice his religion freely, and
accommodations are made to ensure that he may do so.
All food preparation in the I.D.F. is required to comply with the
laws of Kashrut. Officially, every base maintains Kashrut and every
soldier has time to perform all the daily rituals. However, rules and
reality are not always the same. It depends on the officers, the
people in the unit, and the person responsible for religious matters
on the base.
Problems include mixing dairy and meat dishes and utensils --
especially out in the field when there is a shortage of such items.
Military Service 29
During basic training you get only one mess kit and one set of
silverware. Religious soldiers may request an additional mess kit. All
mess kits must be "kashered" beforehand.
Time is of the essence in saying morning prayers and still being
prompt for morning inspection. During maneuvers, this is sometimes
difficult, but not impossible.
Shabbat and Jewish religious festivals are observed in the I.D.F.,
(except when observance may endanger human life or in emergency
situations,) and special religious articles for festival observance are
issued to every unit before each holiday.
Soldiers are encouraged to contact their unit chaplain or religious
coordinator (mashak dat,) should they encounter any problems of a
religious nature.
Soldiers who find violations in kashrut observance should report
them to the mashak dat.
30 Military Service
Benefits to Olim
All soldiers receive general benefits (salary, leave, social services,
etc.) The following benefits are in addition to the general benefits
and are in two parts; those benefits due to all lone or married
soldiers, and those due to olim who may or may not fall into these
categories (note that these benefits do not apply to soldiers who
are drafted only for reserve service).
Lone Soldiers
The I.D.F. defines a lone soldier (Hayal Boded) as a single person
who is in Israel without his parents and holds his own te'udat oleh.
In some cases the I.D.F. may recognize others as lone soldiers even
if they do not meet the above criteria.
It is recommended that immigrants who meet the requirements
for ‘lone soldiers’ report to the nearest I.D.F. recruitment office,
even before conscription, with your te’udat oleh, in order to be
recognized as a lone soldier at the time of induction.
Benefits
Monthly Grant: A lone soldier in compulsory service is entitled to
a monthly grant from the I.D.F. equivalent to the salary of a private
(turai,) in addition to his regular army salary. Essentially this means
a double salary.
Ministry of Immigrant Absorption Grant: In addition to the
monthly grant from the army, lone soldiers can receive a monthly
grant from the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption according to the
following criteria:
• Residence in Israel of up to three years (five years for new
immigrants from Ethiopia).
• Higher education studies within the framework of Ministry of
Immigrant Absorption assistance are not included in the three
year period, on condition that studies were begun within 11⁄2
years from the date of aliyah.
Military Service 31
• The grant is paid on a monthly basis and is equivalent to the
salary of a private (turai).
In order to apply for the grant, bring the following documents
to a coordinator of immigrant soldiers at the nearest Ministry of
Immigrant Absorption branch office:
• Te’udat oleh.
• Te’udat chayal boded (lone soldier certificate).
• Certification of service.
• A new immigrant who has begun studies at an institution of
higher education prior to induction should bring authorization of
studies.
Rental and Maintenance Expenses

The I.D.F. participates in rental and maintenance fees for all
soldiers.
A lone soldier can receive increased assistance. It is necessary to
affix the legally required stamps to the rental contract in order for it
to be valid. It is then possible for the soldier to receive a one-time
grant for the stamp costs.
Immigrant soldiers can receive assistance from the Ministry of
Housing during their period of I.D.F. service. The period of assistance
during army service is added on to the regular period of housing
assistance.
Housing assistance is not given to one classifed as a “child of
immigrants” (ben olim) e.g. olim who immigrated to Israel together
with their parents before the age of 25.
Housing assistance is provided through the mortgage banks. In
order to receive assistance it is necessary to obtain a te’udat
zekaut from the bank. The te’udat zekaut is a document that outlines
eligibility for housing assistance. The following documents are
required:
• Te’udat oleh
• Te’udat zehut
32 Military Service
• Certification of I.D.F. service.
• Certification from the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption that
details any type of housing assistance already received (e.g.
rental subsidies, placement in a hostel, etc).
NOTE: For more information on housing assistance, refer to

the booklet entitled “Housing,” available from the Publications
Department. See the order form at the back of this booklet.
Marriage Stipend: If a lone soldier marries during compulsory

service, he may receive a one-time grant equal to one half of a
private's salary, in addition to the private's full salary which every
married soldier receives. Apply to the unit officer responsible for
conditions of service (katzinat tna’ai sherut pikudati).
Assistance Fund: a lone soldier encountering severe financial
problems may apply for assistance from a special fund of the I.D.F.
In addition to the army grant, lone immigrant soldiers can receive a
monthly grant from the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption provided
that they have been in Israel for up to three years (five years for
immigrants from Ethiopia). Immigrants who undertook studies with
Ministry of Immigrant Absorption assistance do not have the period
of studies counted within the three-year period, provided that the
studies began within 11⁄2 years from the date of aliyah. The grant is
paid every three months, at the level of a private's salary.
In order to receive the grant, the following documents must be
brought to the Coordinator of Immigrant Soldiers at the Ministry of
Immigrant Absorption;
• Te'udat oleh
• Te'udat hayal boded
• Certification of army service.
• Olim who began higher-education studies before conscription
must bring verification of this.
Military Service 33
Leave (Furloughs)
Special furloughs for lone soldiers are additional to those furloughs
granted to all soldiers.
• A lone soldier whose parents live abroad is entitled to a special
leave of 30 days, once a year, for the purpose of going
abroad.
• A lone soldier may be able to receive assistance towards the
cost of a flight from the Soldiers’ Welfare Association. It is
necessary to receive a referral from the mashakit tash (conditions
of service officer). The level of assistance is based according to
the soldier’s rank: A soldier from a combat unit (kravi) can receive
full assistance for his first flight. A soldier from a combat-support
unit (tomech lechima) can receive 50% of the cost of the flight.
Soldiers from all other units, or for additional flights, can receive
partial assistance.
• In the event of a death in a lone soldier's immediate family
abroad, the I.D.F. will grant a 21-day leave (with the possiblity
of 9 additional days) and will pay flight expenses.
• A lone soldier may request one extra day of special leave
related to personal matters in addition to that given to all soldiers.
Such leave may be granted once a month with the permission of
the commanding officer.
Four to twelve days’ leave may be granted for the purpose of
preparing for psychometric exams or university entrance exams.
NOTE: When an I.D.F. soldier goes abroad on leave, he is not

insured medically through the I.D.F. and is advised to make private
insurance arrangements.
Soldiers should maintain an up-to-date passport in the event of an

emergency abroad. An Israeli soldier will not be able to leave the
country without a valid Israeli passport.
34 Military Service
Other Benefits
• A lone soldier is entitled to one free 3-minute phone call abroad
from his base every 2 months.
• During basic training, a lone soldier is entitled to 10 free
aerograms in order to correspond with his family abroad.
• During leave, a lone soldier may receive room and board at a
Soldiers' Welfare Association hostel (Beit HaHayal) provided
there is a vacancy, upon presentation of his "Lone Soldier
Certificate" (te'udat hayal boded) and his soldier's identity card
(te'udat hoger) at the offices of the town major (Katzin Ha'ir)
of that town. A lone soldier is entitled to free accommodation
at a Beit HaHayal for up to 30 days following his discharge
with the authorization of the head of the Unit for Discharged
Soldiers. Hostels are open 24 hours a day. It is advisable to
phone ahead to make sure of vacancies.
• On Shabbat and holidays, a lone soldier who is staying at a
hostel which does not serve meals may receive a special grant
from the Soldiers' Welfare Association.
• The Soldiers' Welfare Association distributes a gift (shai) to lone
immigrant soldiers on Independence Day.
Referral to Families or Kibbutzim

The I.D.F. is in contact with families interested in assisting lone
soldiers, and willing to provide them with a home on weekend
leaves and furloughs during their period of service. The I.D.F. is
also in contact with kibbutzim that are interested in absorbing lone
soldiers and serving as their home during leave (in return for a
symbolic rent paid by the I.D.F. directly to the kibbutz). Only limited
placement on such kibbutzim is available, primarily in the northern
and southern regions of the country. Such arrangements are made
following a personal interview arranged by the soldiers' welfare
officer, either with the kibbutz movement secretaries, or the kibbutz
itself.
A lone soldier interested in such an arrangement with either a family
or a kibbutz should contact the mashakit tash at his base who will
Military Service 35
arrange an interview with the chief Gadna Education officer of the
Adoption (Imutz) Division. A lone soldier can also contact a kibbutz
movement prior to conscription.
Married Soldiers
Assistance from the I.D.F.:
Married soldiers, or soldiers who support immediate family members,
and who serve in regular compulsory service (not shortened service
– Shlav Bet) can receive family support payments in accordance
with family income and other conditions, for example:
• A soldier who has a child, or whose wife is in her 32nd week
and up of pregnancy, can receive full family support without an
income investigation.
• A pregnant wife of a soldier can receive an allowance from the
14th week of pregnancy after an evaluation of income.
• A student wife of a soldier who began her studies at least
one year prior to marriage, who continues in the same track of
studies at least sixteen hours per week, may be entitled to an
allowance from the army.
• Soldiers experiencing financial hardship may apply through the
mashakit tash for a loan or stipend from one of the assistance
funds.
• Soldiers can receive a one-time grant equivalent to a private's
salary upon the birth of a child. It is important to make sure
that the change in family status is registered in one's personal
documents.
Note that forms of assistance that require an income evaluation are

not granted to families that own an automobile.
Assistance from the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption

Married new immigrant soldiers, or soldiers who support immediate
family members, can receive an additional allowance from the
36 Military Service
Ministry of Immigrant Absorption, once they have received I.D.F.
authorization for a family allowance. To receive this benefit, bring
the following documents to the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption
office nearest to your home:
• Te'udat Oleh
• Copy of marriage certificate
• Confirmation of dates of military service
• I.D.F. authorization of entitlement to a family allowance
Housing Assistance
The I.D.F. offers assistance towards apartment rental and
maintenance fees. Married soldiers who receive a family allowance
can receive partial assistance. It is also possible to request full
coverage of rental costs in place of a family allowance.
Immigrant soldiers can also receive housing assistance from the
Ministry of Housing for 48 months through the mortgage banks.
One must apply for a te'udat zeka'ut and supply the bank with a
te'udat oleh, te'udat zehut, and details of the housing aid which is
being received from the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption. You must
also supply verification of army service as well as a copy of your
rental contract.
Leave for Married Soldiers

Soldiers who get married are entitled to 10 days of marriage leave.
This is deducted from the soldier's regular leave.
Upon the birth of a child, a soldier is entitled to 8 days family leave,
deducted from regular leave days.
In addition to regular leave, a married soldier may request special
leave for purposes of work or personal business. Requests for
special leave are subject to approval by the commanding officer
and the consent of the I.D.F.
Military Service 37
Additional Benefits
• Wedding Gifts: Soldiers who marry during compulsory service
are entitled to a wedding gift of a double sheet and two
pillowcases from the Soldiers' Welfare Association. To receive
this gift, apply to the mashakit tash with proof of marriage.
• Some municipalities grant a discount in municipal taxes (arnona)
to soldiers in compulsory service. To receive this discount a
soldier must present his soldier's identity card (pinkas hoger)
and submit a copy of his certificate of military service at the
municipality.
• Soldiers in compulsory service can receive reduced fares on
inter-urban buses, discounts at Shekem stores, museums, and
other places of entertainment on presentation of their pinkas
hoger.
38 Military Service
Discharged Soldiers
The Guidance Division for Discharged Soldiers (HaMahlaka
LeHachvanat Chayalim Meshuchrarim) of the Ministry of Defense
aids former soldiers during the five years following demobilization
from either the compulsory or career army.
The Division offers information regarding courses and work
opportunities throughout the country, and sponsors a program
to enable discharged soldiers to complete their matriculation
examinations (bagrut).
The discharged soldier is theoretically given preference in being
hired for work. He is also entitled to unemployment compensation
from Bituach Leumi, for a certain number of days, within the first year
of his discharge.
Once a month the Department advertises the rights of discharged
soldiers and opportunities for study and professional and industrial
training in the booklet "Yedion LeChayal HaMishuchrar" (Information
Bulletin for Discharged Soldiers) which is sent to discharged
soldiers.
Financial Benefits to Discharged Soldiers under the Discharged

Soldiers' Law
Discharged soldiers are entitled to financial benefits designed to
assist them in returning to civilian life. These benefits are meant to
be used for specific purposes, namely obtaining housing, obtaining
higher education or vocational training, establishing a business, or
getting married. Benefits include a demobilization grant (ma’anak
shichrur,) a personal deposit account (pikadon ishi,) and a fund for
additional aid (keren lesiua nosaf). Amounts of benefits are based
on one's length of service as calculated by the number of complete
months of compulsory service. For calculation purposes, every day
of compulsory service is counted, with the exception of unavoidable
periods of conscription as defined by law. The maximum length
of service that will be taken into account when calculating the
period of rights is 36 months for men and 24 months for women.
Military Service 39
Any pre-army service, study periods in the Study Corps (Atuda,)
or deferred service for studies is NOT taken into account when
calculating one's period of benefits.
Eligibility
The following categories of discharged soldiers are eligible for
financial assistance:
• Male and female soldiers who served at least 12 months or
more in the army since 1/1/94 (not including obligations to
serve in the standing army or unavoidable periods of service
{for example general mobilizations}) and who were discharged
since 1/1/95.
• Soldiers who served in compulsory service since 1/1/94 and
who were discharged for reasons of health or disability, even if
they served for less than 12 months.
• Women who have performed 12 or more months of National
Service as of 1/1/94.
• Men or women who served in the Border Police or the Israel
Police for 12 or more months as of 1/1/94.
NOTE: Soldiers who began their period of compulsory service prior

to 1/1/94 will nevertheless have their period of rights calculated
from 1/1/94, the date upon which the guidelines regarding
assistance took effect.
Certificate of Eligibility
The financial benefits to which a discharged soldier is entitled are
listed on a Certificate of Eligibility which is sent to your civilian
address within a month of discharge. If the certificate fails to arrive,
or if you want further information, contact the Guidance Department
for Discharged Soldiers nearest you.
40 Military Service
The Demobilization Grant
A man or woman who accumulates 12 full months of service from
1/1/96 is eligible for the Demobilization Grant (Ma'anak Shichrur).
The amount of the grant is calculated at the number of months
multiplied by a specific shekel amount. The maximum number of
months taken into account is 36 for a man and 24 for a woman. The
level is linked to the Consumer Price Index.
The Personal Deposit Account

Men and women who serve at least 12 months in compulsory
service as of 1/1/94 will have a personal deposit account (pikadon
ishi) opened on their behalf through the Fund for Absorption of
Discharged Soldiers. The amount is based on a specific shekel
amount multiplied by the number of months served. The sum is linked
to the Cost of Living Index.
The money can be used only for certain specific purposes:
• To enable the discharged soldier to complete high school,
pursue academic studies, post-high-school yeshiva studies, or
professional training at a recognized institution.
• To purchase an apartment, to establish a business, or purchase
into an established business.
• To get married (for one who gets married as of 1/1/02).
It is not permissible to use funds from the account for any other
purpose; however, funds may be used for more than one of the
above-listed reasons.
One can make use of the funds within five years from discharge.
After five years the balance is transferred to the discharged soldier.
The money is available for use after thirty days following discharge.
Once thirty days have passed, you can then obtain an application
form from the Guidance Division for Discharged Soldiers or one of
the banks listed below. The form should be submitted back to the
bank together with those documents necessary for the purpose the
money is to serve:
Military Service 41
• For studies or professional training:
1. The application form.
2. Certification of acceptance at a recognized institution of
higher education.
3. A receipt for payment of one year's tuition and te'udat
zehut.
4. Te’udat zehut.
• For purchasing an apartment:
1. The application form.
2. A contract made out in the discharged soldier's name, signed
after the date of conscription.
3. A text of the registration of the property with the Israel Lands
Authority which proves that the seller is the owner of the
apartment, or authorization of ownership in cases where the
apartment is built on Israel Lands Authority land.
4. Te'udat zehut.
• For starting a business or for a partnership in an existing
business:
1. Request form.
2. Certificate from the V.A.T. authorities showing that the business
is authorized.
3. Authorization of having opened a file with the Income Tax
Authority.
4. A contract or other legal document which testifies to
ownership or partnership in the business, or a contract for
rental of business premises, or receipts or bills for expenses
directly related to the business and which date from after the
soldier's discharge.
5. Te'udat zehut.
Applications can be submitted to branch offices of the following

banks:
• Bank Otzar HaHayal
42 Military Service
• Bank Igud
• Bank Discount
• Bank HaMizrahi HaMe'uhad
• First International Bank
• Bank HaPoalim
• Bank Leumi
• Mercantile Discount Bank
• Bank Arvei Yisraeli
• Bank Agudat Yisrael
The Fund for Additional Aid

The Fund for Additional Aid (keren lesiua nosaf) is designed to
provide assistance for the following:
• Tuition fees for academic preparatory courses (mechina,) and a
living allowance for the period of studies. Aid is given according
to socioeconomic criteria.
• Financing pre-engineering or pre-technical studies (up to 90% of
annual tuition fee).
• Financing for the first year of engineering or technical studies, in
an institution recognized by the Ministry of Labor (up to 90% of
the annual fee).
In order to apply for assistance from the fund for any of the above
purposes, you must first register in the appropriate institution, fill out
a request form for additional aid, and submit it with copies of your
registration and your te'udat shichrur (discharge papers).
For more information about the Absorption of Discharged Soldiers

Law and the financial benefits available, contact the Unit for
Guidance of Discharged Soldiers in your area. Offices are usually
open Sunday through Thursday, from 8:00 a.m.-12:00 p.m. (see
Useful Addresses.)
Military Service 43
Income Tax Concessions
As of 1/1/2000, discharged soldiers who served in regular
compulsory service or National Service (Sherut Leumi) are entitled
to credit points for discounts on income tax, according to their length
of service. These points are in addition to credit points granted to all
other employed persons.
• One who served at least 24 full months can receive 2 credit
points per month.
• One who served 12 to 24 full months can receive one credit
point per month.
The credit points are given for 24 months following discharge. In
order to receive the credit points, you must present your employer
with your discharge certificate (te’udat shichrur) or authorization
from the army that attests to your length of service and date of
conclusion. In case of any questions or complications, consult with
a tax assessor at an Income Tax Authority branch office nearest
you.
Benefits To Discharged Soldiers Categorized as

"Lone soldiers" Or "Soldiers Entitled to Assistance"
Lone soldiers, or soldiers who are categorized as being entitled
to assistance, can receive additional benefits from the army unit
that operates within the framework of the Unit for Guidance of
Discharged Soldiers, in the following areas:
• Completion of high school studies and preparation for
matriculation exams.
• Assistance towards Psychometric exam fees, pre-academic
studies, preparatory studies for olim (mechina).
• One-time assistance towards rental costs and initial housing
expenses.
• Finding employment.
44 Military Service
Reserve Duty
Following discharge from initial compulsory service, most soldiers
are placed in a reserve unit. The Defense Service Law requires men
to perform reserve duty ("miluim") until age 54 if they are in rear
battalions and until age 49 for those in combat units. Women are
not generally called up for reserve duty if they are married or if they
are beyond age 24.
The amount of reserve duty varies depending on security and
budgetary conditions. It usually ranges from 3 to 6 weeks a year,
depending on your specialty and your rank.
Notice of reserve duty is usually sent out several weeks in advance
so that there is enough time to arrange personal matters. Sometimes
there is no previous warning, as in emergency call-up exercises.
It may be possible to postpone reserve duty by contacting your
unit.
All salaries, up to a certain maximum, are paid to the reservists
either directly by the National Insurance Institute (Bituach Leumi) or
through their employer.
Though conditions on reserve duty may be quite spartan, and the
period of service itself may fall at an inconvenient time, most Israelis
accept annual reserve service as a basic fact of life in the country.
Some even look forward to miluim as a welcome break from their
everyday routine and a chance to enjoy the camaraderie of their
army unit.
Reserve Duty Compensation

Anyone who does two or more consecutive days of I.D.F. reserve
duty (one day for air and submarine crews and frogmen) is entitled
to receive reserve duty compensation from the National Insurance
Institute (Bituach Leumi).
When you complete a period of reserve duty, you will be issued
I.D.F. form # 3010. Check that the number of days you served is
listed correctly.
Military Service 45
If you are a salaried worker, submit the I.D.F. form to your employer
as soon as you receive it. He will submit it to Bituach Leumi and you
will receive your regular salary.
If you are self-employed or unemployed, go promptly and directly to
Bituach Leumi and submit the I.D.F. form and your claim for payment.
If you have a special employment situation or have any questions
about compensation for reserve duty, contact Bituach Leumi. You
can also find information on their website: www.btl.gov.il
46 Military Service
Useful Addresses and Telephone Numbers
Telephone numbers and some addresses change frequently in
Israel. Consult the latest telephone directory or information operator
if you do not reach a number listed here. When a telephone
number has been changed, there may not be a recorded message
noting the change. Thus, if the number continues to be unanswered,
check whether it is still in use.
Address _________________Telephone/Fax
Ministry of Immigrant Absorption

www.moia.gov.il
E-mail: info@moia.gov.il
Main Office
2 Rehov Kaplan (02) 6752611
Kiryat Ben Gurion
POB 91950
Jerusalem 91130
National Telephone (02) 6750355
Information Center
Public Inquiries (02) 6752765/766/762
Returning Residents Division (02) 6214660
15 Rehov Hillel
Jerusalem 94581
Jerusalem and Southern District
Headquarters
(Also the Student Authority)
15 Rehov Hillel (02) 6214555
Jerusalem 94581 Fax: (02) 6222807
Military Service 47
Publications Department Tel/Fax: (02) 6241585
Branch Offices
1 Rehov HaAvodah Telefax: (08) 6790770
Ashkelon (08) 6726374
8 Rehov HaNasi (02) 9994824
Beit Shemesh Fax: (02) 9993899
Commercial Center (02) 9962288
Kiryat Arba Fax: (02) 9964277
5 Sderot Lachish (08) 6878662
Kiryat Gat Fax: (08) 6878660
Canyon Jabotinsky Telefax:(08) 6812002
Second Floor
Kiryat Malachi
Haifa and Northern District
Headquarters
15 Sderot HaPalyam (04) 8631111
Haifa 33095 Fax: (04) 8631110
Branch Offices
15 A Sderot HaPalyam (04) 8631111
Haifa Fax: (04) 8631110
7 Rehov HaMeyasdim (04) 8807400
Kiryat Bialik Fax: (04) 8742957
Business Center Bldg. (04) 9086300
Industrial Zone Fax: (04) 9580875
Carmiel
Rehov HaMalacha (04) 6572053
“Lev Esekim” Fax: (04) 66025300
48 Military Service
Upper Nazareth
47 Rehov HaShomer (04) 6720399
Tiberias Fax: (04) 6717061
45 Rehov Nitzanim Tel/Fax: (04) 6540331
Migdal HaEmek
Rechavat Hechal HaTarbut (04) 9950400
Nahariya
28 Rehov Yehoshua (04) 6523611
Afula Fax: (04) 6528724
Kikar Tzahal (04) 6818400
Tzahar Bldg. Fax: (04) 6818405
Kiryat Shmona
Rehov HaPalmach Tel/fax: (04) 6920218
Jewish Agency Bldg.
Tzfat
302 Rehov Ma’aleh HaBanim (04) 9972782
Ma’alot Fax: (04) 9572699
Tel Aviv District Headquarters

6 Rehov Esther HaMalka (03) 5209113
Tel Aviv 64398 Fax: (03) 5209152
Student Authority (03) 5209155
Fax: (03) 5290835
Branch Offices
Binyan Tzimmir (08) 8546000
Sderot Begin Fax: (08) 8668030
Ashdod
Military Service 49
26 Rehov Eilat (03) 5023111/03
Holon Fax: (03) 5056997
91 Rehov Herzl (08) 9789055
Ramle Fax: (08) 9208019
65 Rehov Herzl (03) 9597000
Rishon LeTzion Fax: (03) 9502486
12 Rehov Binyamin (08) 99378000
Rehovot
Central District Headquarters
5 Rehov HaTachana (09) 7615400
First Floor Fax: (09) 7443917
Kfar Saba 44530
Branch Offices
13 Rehov Hillel Yaffe (04) 6108400
Hadera Fax: (04) 6337740
3 Rehov Bareket (09) 8890300
Netanya (09) 8629435
26 Rehov HaHistadrut (03) 9123000
Petach Tikva Fax: (03) 9312606
Beer Sheva and Negev District Headquarters

Beit Oshira (08) 6261216
31 Rehov Zalman Shazar Fax: (08) 6261217/8
Beer Sheva 84105
Student Authority (08) 6261229
Fax: (08) 6261220
50 Military Service
Branch Offices
31 Rehov Zalman Shazar (08) 6261222/8
Beer Sheva
Solel Boneh Blvd. (08) 6341621
Sderot HaTamarim Fax: (08) 6372367
Eilat
34 Rehov Yehuda (08) 6592444
Arad
8 Rehov HaTza'eloh (08) 6574368
Dimona
364/7 Rehov Howard (08) 6897033
Sderot
29 Rehov Golomb (08) 9961284
Ofakim
Tzvi Burstein Community Center (08) 6580396
Yerucham Fax: (08) 6372367
1 Rehov Nachal Tziya (08) 6588555
Mitzpe Ramon Fax: (08) 6586003
Local Authority 106/7/8

Information Lines
(Moked Ironi)
I.D.F. Induction Centers

www.aka.idf.il
103 Rehov Rashi (02) 5007333
Jerusalem
Tel HaShomer
(main induction center) (03) 7377070
Military Service 51
18 Rehov Omar Al Kayam (04) 8600700
P.O.B. 22210
Haifa
22 Rehov Yad VaShem (08) 6650060
Beer Sheva
Note that induction centers may also be located in other cities. Call
your municipal information line 106/7 for information.
Soldiers’ Ombudsman
(Netziv Kvilot HaChayalim)
P.O.B. 7052 (03) 6977433
Rabin Base
Tel Aviv 64734
Public Appeals Commissioner
(Katzin/katzinat Pniyot HaTzibur)
12 Rehov Kaplan (03) 5699000
Tel Aviv 61909
Doar Tzvai 02919
Tzahal
Katzin HaIr
(Town Major)
27 Rehov Hillel (02) 6257933
Jerusalem
14 Zalman Shneur (03) 5694438
Tel Aviv
10 Rehov Peretz (04) 8692337
Haifa Fax: (04) 8692548
49 Rehov Gershon (08) 9904428
Beer Sheva
52 Military Service
205 Beit HaDekel (08) 6374224
Canyon Sha'ar HaIr
Eilat
84 Rehov Ben Gurion (08) 6722511
Ashkelon
3 Rehov Keren Hayesod (09) 9920116
Netanya
12 Rehov Smilansky (08) 9363581
Rehovot
43 Rehov HaRishonim (08) 8527195
Ashdod
Advisor to the Chief of Staff on Women's Issues

Assistance to female soldiers (03) 5696111
Soldiers’ Hostels
(Beit HaChayal)
1 Rehov Aluf David Shaltiel (02) 6256773
Jerusalem
Beit HaShiryon (03) 7303393
51 Rehov Lochemai Galipoli
Tel Aviv
15 Sderot Ben Gurion (04) 8511234
Haifa
2 Rehov Beit Lechem (08) 6416411/2
Beer Sheva
Rehov Hativat HaNegev (08) 6331112/3
Eilat
Military Service 53
12 Rehov Golani (04) 6720694
Tiberias
Guidance Department for

Discharged Soldiers
(Yechida LeHachvanat Chayalim Meshuchrarim)
www.hachvana.mod.gov.il
Computerized Voice Mail (03) 6977999

17 Rehov Mendler (03) 6975992/3
Tel Aviv
24 Rehov Hillel (02) 6251735
Jerusalem
44 Rehov HaMelech David (04) 8301104/6
Haifa
Mercaz HaNegev (08) 6494548
6/23 Derech Massada
Beer Sheva
The National Insurance Institute

Main Office (02) 6709211
13 Sderot Weizmann
Jerusalem 95437
District Offices
101 Rehov HaNasi (08) 6741111
Ashkelon 78328
6 Rehov Wolfson (08) 6295311
Beer Sheva 84105
3 Rehov Nasi Yisrael (04) 9907333
Carmiel 21921
54 Military Service
39 Rehov Weizmann (09) 7479888
Cfar Saba 44351
7 Rehov Hillel Yaffe (04) 6328111
Hadera 38203
47 Sderot HaMeginim (04) 8544111
Haifa 31018
4 Rehov Shimon Ben Shetach (02) 6755555
Jerusalem 91007
42 Sderot Weizmann (04) 9528111
Naharia 22100
22 Sderot Weizmann (09) 8602777
Netanya 42251
72 Rehov Rothschild (03) 9114777
Petach Tikva 49360
15 Rehov HaHashmonaim (03) 6751234
Ramat Gan 52002
64 Rehov Remez (08) 9345919
Rehovot 76449
16 Rehov Jabotinsky (03) 9681010
Rishon LeTzion 75229
17 Rehov Yitzhak Sadeh (03) 6250000
Tel Aviv 61201
Branch Offices
6 Rehov Rambam (08) 8513222
Ashdod 77342
2 Rehov Jabotinsky (03) 5127090
Bat Yam 59446
Military Service 55
8 Rehov HaNasi (02) 9912071
Beit Shemesh 99100
17 Rehov Yerushalayim (03) 6751234
Bnai Brak 51450
6 Sderot HaTamarim (08) 9369696
Eilat 88101
22 Rehov Ben Gurion (03) 9594444
Herzlia 46785
50 Binyan Lev HaIr (04) 6836000
Kiryat Shmona
104 Rehov Yerushalayim (04) 6825111
Tzfat 13112
English-Speaking Immigrant Organizations

Association of Americans and
Canadians in Israel (AACI)
www.aaci.org.il
E-mail: info@aaci.org.il
6 Rehov Mane (02) 5617151
Jerusalem 92227 Fax: (02) 5661186
198 Rehov HaYarkon (03) 5291707
Tel Aviv 63405 Fax: (03) 5291706
28 Rehov Shmuel HaNatziv (09) 8330950
Netanya 42281 Fax: (09) 8629183
Matnas “Yud Aleph” (08) 6433953
Rehov Mordechai Namir (08) 6434461
Beer Sheva 84483
56 Military Service
Address _________________ Telephone/Fax
UJIA (Incorporating Olim from Britain,
Australia, and New Zealand)
E-mail: Israel@UJIA.org.il
76 Rehov Ibn Gvirol (03) 6965244/65/6/7
POB 16266 Fax: (03) 6967049
Tel Aviv 61162
13 Sderot Ben Maimon (02) 5634822
Jerusalem 92262 Fax: (02) 5663193
Calanit Square (04) 9989940
POB 348 Fax: (04) 9980939
Carmiel 20100
South African Zionist Federation
www.telfed.org.il
E-mail: telfed@inter.net.il
Head Office (09) 7446110
19/3 Rehov Schwartz Fax: (09) 7446112
First Floor
Ra’ananna 43212
13 Rehov Ben Maimon (02) 5634822
Jerusalem 92223 Fax: (02) 5663193
ESRA – English Speaking
Residents Association
www.esra.org.il
E-mail: esra@trendline.co.il
POB 3132 (09) 9580632
Herzliya 46104 Fax: (09) 9581583
Military Service 57
APPENDIX
Summary of Army Vocabulary and Terms
Places
Bakum (Basis Klita Induction Center ‫בקו"ם‬
U'miyun)
Beit HaChayal "Soldiers' Home" ‫בית החייל‬
i.e. hostel for soldiers
HaKirya Army Headquarters in Tel Aviv ‫הקרייה‬
Lishkat HaGiyus Draft Board, Registration ‫לשכת הגיוס‬
Center
Shalishut Adjutant General ‫שלישות‬
Headquarters
Shekem Special stores available ‫שק"ם‬
to soldiers in compulsory
service and the career army,
Ministry of Defense personnel,
police and their immediate
relatives. Similar in concept
to the American PX.
Shekem also operates on most
army bases, selling snacks,
toiletries, etc.
People
Chayal Boded Soldier with no immediate ‫חייל בודד‬
family in Israel
Katzin Chinuch Chief of army education ‫קצין חינוך ראשי‬
Rashi
Katzin Ha'ir Literally "city officer" ‫קצין העיר‬
responsible for contacting
soldiers and taking care of
soldiers' problems when on leave
Mashak Commander who is not ‫מש"ק‬
(mefaked sh'ayno an officer ‫מפקד שאינו קצין‬
katzin) N.C.O.
58 Military Service
Mashakit Tash Woman soldier in charge ‫מש"קית ת"ש‬
of soldier's welfare in unit
(literally Conditions of
Service N.C.O)
Mem-Kaf Squad leader ‫מ"כ‬
(Mefaked Kita) (‫)מפקד כיתה‬
Mem-Mem Platoon Commander ‫מ"מ‬
(mefaked mahlaka) (‫)מפקד מחלקה‬
Mem-Pay Company Commander ‫מ"פ‬
(mefaked pluga) (‫)מפקד פלוגה‬
Netziv Kvilot Soldiers' Complaint ‫נציב קבילות חיילים‬
L'chayalim Commissioner, Ombudsman
Shalish Adjutant, personnel officer ‫שליש‬
Institutions
Atuda Bet Academic Reserve for new '‫עתודה ב‬
immigrants
Bituach Leumi National Insurance ‫ביטוח לאומי‬
Institute
Garin Settlement group in Nahal ‫גרעין‬
unit
Ha'Atuda Pedagogical (teachers' ‫העתודה הפדגוגית‬
Ha'Pedagogit college) academic
reserve
Ha'Atuda Technological academic ‫העתודה הטכנולוגית‬
Ha'Technologit reserve
Sherut Keva Career army service ‫שירות קבע‬
Sherut Mekutzar Shortened service ‫שירות מקוצר‬
Shlav Bet Initial reserve service '‫שלב ב‬
for older olim
Tironut Basic training ‫טירונות‬
Ulpan Hebrew language course ‫אולפן‬
Military Service 59
Things
Diskit "Dog tag" ‫דיסקית‬
Hagor Belt for holding ‫חגור‬
ammunition, canteen,
knapsack, etc.
Kumtah Beret ‫כומתה‬
Massa Hike, march ‫מסע‬
Misdar Military review, inspection ‫מסדר‬
Mispar ishi Personal serial number ‫מספר אישי‬
Pinkas Hoger Soldier's identity card ‫פנקס חוגר‬
Pinkas Shevy Card carried by every soldier ‫פנקס שבי‬
which states name, rank, serial
number and blood type, for use if
taken as prisoner-of-war
Sherut Sadir Regular army service ‫שירות סדיר‬
Tarmil Knapsack ‫תרמיל‬
Tzav Giyus Draft order ‫צו גיוס‬
Tzav Hityatzvut Order to report ‫צו התייצבות‬
Organizations
Yehida Unit ‫יחידה‬
Kita Squad ‫כיתה‬
Mahlaka Platoon ‫מחלקה‬
Pluga Company ‫פלוגה‬
Solela Battery ‫סוללה‬
Gdud Battalion ‫גדוד‬
Hativa Brigade ‫חטיבה‬
Ugda Division ‫אוגדה‬
60 Military Service
Branches
Chel Avir Air Force ‫חיל אוויר‬
Chel Himush Ordnance Corps ‫חיל חימוש‬
Chel Handasa Engineering Corps ‫חיל הנדסה‬
Chel Hayam Navy ‫חיל הים‬
Chel Kesher Signal Corps ‫חיל קשר‬
Chel Modi'in Intelligence Corps ‫חיל מודיעין‬
Chel Raglim Infantry ‫חיל רגלים‬
Chel Refuah Medical Corps ‫חיל רפואה‬
Chel Shalishut Adjutancy Corps ‫חיל שלישות‬
Chel Shirion Armored Corps ‫חיל שריון‬
Chel Tachzuka Logistics Corps ‫חיל תחזוקה‬
Chel Totchanim Artillery Corps ‫חיל תותחנים‬
Mishtara Tzvait Military Police ‫משטרה צבאית‬
Branches
Gadna Pre-military ‫גדנ"ע‬
Youth Corps
Hesder Program combining yeshiva ‫הסדר‬
study and military service
Keva Professional army, composed ‫צבא קבע‬
of people who enlist after
compulsory service
Miluim Reserves ‫מילואים‬
Nahal Fighting Pioneering ‫נח"ל‬
(Noar Halutzi Youth
Lohem)
Num Mem Anti-aircraft ‫נ"מ‬
(neged m'tosim)
Pikud Command ‫פיקוד‬
Military Service 61
Pikud HaOref Homefront Command ‫פיקוד העורף‬
Pikud Darom Southern ‫פיקוד דרום‬
Pikud Mercaz Central ‫פיקוד מרכז‬
Pikud Tzafon Northern ‫פיקוד צפון‬
Rabbanut Tzvait Chaplaincy Corps ‫רבנות צבאית‬
Ranks
Rav Aluf Lieutenant General ‫רב אלוף‬
Aluf Major General ‫אלוף‬
Tat Aluf Brigadier General ‫תת אלוף‬
Aluf Mishne Colonel ‫אלוף משנה‬
Sgan Aluf Lieutenant Colonel ‫סגן אלוף‬
Rav Seren Major ‫רב סרן‬
Seren Captain ‫סרן‬
Segen Lieutenant ‫סגן‬
Segen-Mishne Second Lieutenant ‫סגן משנה‬
(sagam) (‫)סג"ם‬
Rav Samal Sergeant Major ‫רב סמל ראשון‬
Rishon (rasar) (‫)רס"ר‬
Rav Samal Company Sergeant Major ‫רב סמל‬
Sergeant First Class,
(Platoon Sergeant)
Samal Rishon Staff Sergeant ‫סמל ראשון‬
Samal Sergeant ‫סמל‬
Rav Turai Corporal ‫רב טוראי‬
Turai Rishon Lance Corporal, ‫טוראי ראשון‬
(Tarash) Private First Class
Turai Private ‫טוראי‬
62 Military Service
Other Available Publications
The following booklets are available from the Publications
Department. To order, simply indicate the booklets you wish to
receive and return the order form to the Publications Department,
English Section, Ministry of Immigrant Absorption, 15 Rehov Hillel,
Jerusalem 94581. The publications will be mailed to you free of
charge.
q Guide for the New Immigrant
q Employment
q Education
q Guarding Your Health in Israel
q A Guide to Ulpan Study
q Health Services in Israel
q Housing
q The Life Cycle in Israel
q Military Service
q National Insurance Institute
q Accountants
q Artists, Writers and Athletes
q Computer and Hi-Tech Professionals
q Engineers and Architects
q Lawyers
q Medical Professionals
q Nurses
q Psychologists
q Scientists and Researchers
q Social Workers
q A Guide to Transportation in Israel
q Guide to Higher Education Studies
q Information for Olim Newspaper
q Shiluv Magazine
Name __________________________________
Address_________________________________
__________________ Postal Code ___________
Date ________________________
Military Service 63
In order to improve the level and usefulness of the material presented
in this booklet, we would appreciate it if you would answer the
following questions:
1. Where did you get the brochure "Military Service?"
q Airport q Ministry of Immigrant Absorption q Other
(specify)
2. To what extend did this booklet provide you with the information
that you need? (1 is the lowest rating, 5 is the highest rating)
12345
Comments
3. Please rate the folowing areas from 1 to 5 (5 being the highest
rating)
q Clarity of the Text 1 2 3 4 5
q Sufficiency of Details 1 2 3 4 5
q Design of the Brochure 1 2 3 4 5
q Usefulness of the Brochure 1 2 3 4 5
We would appreciate the following information for statistical
purposes:
Profession _____________ Gender M q F q Age _______
Country of Origin _____________ Year of Aliyah _________
Place of Residence _________________ Date ___________
Please send the completed questionnaire to the Ministry of Immigrant
Absorption, Publications Department, English Section, 15 Rehov
Hillel, Jerusalem, 94581 or by fax to (02) 6241585.
You can also place this questionnaire in the public suggestions box
at an office of the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption nearest you.
Thank you for your cooperation.
Best wishes for an easy and successful absorption!
64 Military Service

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Publications Department, English Section,

Catalogue Number – 0101302020

NOTE: The information contained in this booklet is based on data

Length and Type of Compulsory Service

NOTE: These criteria do not apply to children of Israelis who reside

Age on Arrival Family Status

Age on Profile Family Status

Note: in all cases determination of the exact length of service will

Service in Foreign Armies

Exemptions from Service

Deferments or Advancements of Service

Change of Personal Status

The Pedagogical Reserve

The Technological Reserve

Placement of Graduate Olim

The Registration Procedure

NOTE: original documents should be brought for display purposes

The First Interview

Before Induction -- general tips

After receiving your gear, you will be interviewed by a selection

Everything you bring should be as small and light as possible,

Always show up prepared and on time. Don't be a wise-guy, and

Public Inquiries Commissioner

Soldiers’ Complaint Commissioner

The Town Major

Rental and Maintenance Expenses

NOTE: For more information on housing assistance, refer to

Marriage Stipend: If a lone soldier marries during compulsory

NOTE: When an I.D.F. soldier goes abroad on leave, he is not

Soldiers should maintain an up-to-date passport in the event of an

Referral to Families or Kibbutzim

Note that forms of assistance that require an income evaluation are

Assistance from the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption

Leave for Married Soldiers

Financial Benefits to Discharged Soldiers under the Discharged

NOTE: Soldiers who began their period of compulsory service prior

The Personal Deposit Account

Applications can be submitted to branch offices of the following

The Fund for Additional Aid

For more information about the Absorption of Discharged Soldiers

Benefits To Discharged Soldiers Categorized as

Reserve Duty Compensation

Ministry of Immigrant Absorption

Tel Aviv District Headquarters

Beer Sheva and Negev District Headquarters

Local Authority 106/7/8

I.D.F. Induction Centers

Advisor to the Chief of Staff on Women's Issues

Guidance Department for

Computerized Voice Mail (03) 6977999

The National Insurance Institute

English-Speaking Immigrant Organizations

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