ANTHROPOLOGY

It includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social change, and world history.
It is the study of humankind in all times and all places. It is the study of humanity
including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity.
GOALS ANTHROPOLOGY
Discover what all people have in common – By studying commonalities (folklores,
traditions, language, etc.) in all humanity, we could understand more about the human’s
nature. Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human
behavior – This new knowledge is then applied in an attempt to alleviate human
challenges.
FIELDS ANTHROPOLOGY
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY - Refers to the study of living people and their cultures
including variation and change.
LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY - Refers to the study of communication, mainly (but
not exclusively) among humans. It includes the study of communication’s origins,
history, and contemporary variation.
ARCHAEOLOGY - Refers to the study of past human cultures through their material
remains. It is the study of past human cultures through the recovery and analysis of
artifacts.
BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY - Also known as “physical anthropology”, this refers to
the study of humans as biological organisms including their evolution and contemporary
variation.
SOCIOLOGY
It is a systematic study of groups and societies that people build and how these affect
their behavior. It focuses on various social connections, institutions, organizations,
structures, and processes. It gathers social inputs which are composed of frequent
forms and manners namely: attitude, viewpoints, consolidated values, and norms of
social institutions which form part of social array.
BRANCHES SOCIOLOGY
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION - This includes the study of social institutions, social
inequality, social mobility, religious groups, and bureaucracy.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY - This area focuses on the study of human nature and its
emphasis on social processes as they affect individual or responses which are called
“social stimuli”.
APPLIED SOCIOLOGY -This is concerned with the specific intent of yielding practical
applications for human behavior and organizations. The goal of Applied Sociology is to
assist in resolving social problems through the use of sociological research.
POPULATION STUDIES - This area includes size, growth, demographic
characteristics, composition, migration, changes, political, and social systems.
HUMAN ECOLOGY - It pertains to the study of the effects of various social
organizations (religious organizations, political institutions and etc.) to the population’s
behavior.
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND RESEARCH - It focuses on the discovery of
theoretical tools, methods, and techniques to scientifically explain a particular
sociological issue.
SOCIAL CHANGE - It studies factors that cause social organization and social
disorganization like calamity, drug abuse, drastic and gradual social change, health and
welfare problems, Political instability, unemployment and underemployment, child and
women’s issue, etc.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
It is an academic discipline that deals with the study of government and political
processes, institutions, and behaviors. The study of Politics has something to do with
power – who wields it and how it is used. Therefore, it is important to study politics to
understand society and to help change it for the better. This means that political science
is not just for politicians or for aspiring lawyers instead, it is also a give and take
relationship between the government and its people.
POLITICS - It originated from the Greek word ‘polis’, which means ‘city’ or ‘state’. It is
the art and science of governing city/state. It is the social process or strategy in any
position of control which people gain, use, or lose power.
Due to the negative connotations of politics, the term is now applied to many different
social situations. For example, politics is present when a teacher is bribed to include a
certain student in the honor list or when an employee spreads rumors against his/her
officemate to get ahead in a promotion.
Politics is often used synonymously with government, however, the two are distinct from
each another. The government that takes shape in a country is a reflection of the
country’s political philosophy. While government typically refers to the established
legislative and executive departments of a nation or state, politics is a broad term that is
related to the power sharing in any organization. In other words, politics is an idea while
government is the concrete realization of that idea.
GOVERNMENT - It is the agency to which the will of the state is formulated,
expressed, and carried out. It is the organized agency in a state tasked to impose social
control. It is a group of people that governs a community or unit. It sets and administers
public policy and exercises executive, political, and sovereign power through customs,
institutions and laws within a state.
The government exists for the benefit of the governed. It is there for our benefit not for
the government officials to benefit from us. It is not just governing the people or the
citizens but also the territory and the sovereignty or independence of the country.
Collectively, the government, people, territory, and sovereignty are known as the
elements of the State.
People often interchangeably use the terms state and nation but the difference lies on
how the latter refers to an ethnic concept which means that people are bound together
by common ethnical elements such as race, language, and culture. On the other hand,
a state is more of a political concept. It refers to a community of persons more or less
numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of
their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom
from external control.