17 11 00

PAVING
INDEX TO ARTICLES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 Contract Documents
1.2 Work Included
1.3 Related Work Specified Elsewhere
1.4 Samples
1.5 Job Conditions

PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials for Screeds and Pavings

PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 Preparation of Surfaces
3.2 Mixing
3.3 Levels
3.4 Placement of Screeds, Toppings and Pavings
3.5 Curing
3.6 Self Levelling Screed
3.7 Anti-Dust Finishes
3.8 Non-Metallic Pigmented Floor Hardener
3.9 Metallic Floor Hardener
3.10 Car Park Floor Traffic Coating
3.11 High Performance Polyurethane Screed and Render System
3.12 Granolithic Paving
3.13 Lightweight Concrete Screed
3.14 Precast Paving
3.15 Loose Laid Pebble Topping
3.16 Concrete Topping
3.17 Bonding Agent
3.18 Coloured Stamped Concrete
3.19 Pebble Wash Paving
3.20 Interlocking Paving
3.21 Reinforced Grass Mat Paving
3.22 Protection

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17 11 00
PAVING
1. GENERAL
1.1 Contract Documents
1.1.1 All Work of this Section shall comply with the requirements of the Contract
Documents for the main Building Works, with the Drawings, Schedules and with
all other Contract Documents.
1.2 Work Included
1.2.1 Placement of cement and sand screeds, lightweight concrete screeds, coloured
stamped concrete screeds (stamped concrete), concrete toppings, loose laid
pebble toppings, self-levelling surfaces, polyurethane flooring, hydraulically
pressed precast concrete paving slabs, interlocking pavers, pebble wash paving,
reinforced grass mat paving and granolithic paving in locations scheduled herein
and as indicated on the Drawings.
1.3 Related Work Specified Elsewhere
a) Structural concrete slabs : Refer to Concrete Specification
b) Tiling : 09 60 00
c) Membrane and Roofing : 07 10 00
d) Stone Assemblies 04 20 00
1.4 Quality Assurance
1.4.1 All “stamped concrete work shall be installed by a Licensed “stamped concrete”
Contractor who shall provide a foreman or supervisor full-time on site when the
stamped concrete is being installed, who has completed at least three stamped
concrete installations of high quality.
1.4.2 All stamped concrete work shall comply with the current specifications and quality
standards issued by approved stamped concrete manufacturer.
1.4.3 The “stamped concrete” Contractor shall provide a jobsite sample (3 m x 3 m) to
be approved by the Architect prior to start of construction.
1.5 Samples
1.5.1 The Contractor shall provide samples indicating the surface finish of screeds,
pavings and toppings laid in representative areas not less than 3.00m by 3.00m
for approval before commencing the general areas. The approved sample areas
shall be used for purposes of comparison and any work not equal to the approved
sample will be rejected.
1.6 Job Conditions
1.6.1 All work shall be executed by experienced tradesmen in accordance with the
Specification.
1.6.2 Materials shall be mixed in sufficient quantities for immediate use and not to be
used after one hour has elapsed from the addition of water. Gauges are not to be
mixed with each other or old stuff re-tempered.
1.6.3 All render or tile work on walls shall be completed and rooms and spaces kept
clear of all plant and other equipment before commencing the floor screeding,
topping and paving work.
1.6.4 No paving shall be applied during inclement weather unless adequate protection
is provided.

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2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials for Screeds and Paving
2.1.1 Acceptable manufacturers, subject to compliance with specified requirements are
acceptable. Other manufacturers providing similar and equal product will be given
equal consideration.)
2.1.2 Portland cement, sand and water shall be as specified under Concrete
Specification.
2.1.3 Anti-dust compound shall be similar or approved equal to:
a) REXNORD, INC - Kure-N-Seal Surface Treatment
b) FOSROC - Fosroc Nitoflor Lithurin S Dust Proofer
Products listed above are indicative of the type and quality of proprietary anti-dust
compounds which will be acceptable for such treatment. The Contractor shall
submit technical data for the material he proposes to use.
2.1.4 Concrete Floor Coatings & Sealers
a) BASF (MBT)
b) FOSROC
c) FLOWCRETE

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 2.1.5 Carpark Floor Traffic Coatings
a) BASF (MBT)
b) FLOWCRETE Deckshield
c) FOSROC Trafficguard
2.1.6 Self Levelling Screed
a) ARDEX
b) FOSROC
c) FLOWCRETE Isocrete
d) MAPEI
2.1.7 Epoxy Flooring
a) BASF (MBT)
b) FLOWCRETE Flowcoat
c) FOSROC Nitoflor
2.1.8 Mesh reinforcement shall be B.R.C. A193 steel fabric, complying with B.S. 4483
and in accordance to manufacturer’s recommendation, for screed 50mm thick or
more.
2.1.9 Waterproofing additive
Add approved additive in screed to receive granite, marble, terrazzo, quartzite,
slate, ceramic, homogeneous or quarry floor tiles at areas shown on Drawings or
Schedules.
Acceptable manufacturers: Sika, Mapei and Laticrete or approved equivalent
2.1.10 Aggregate
Granite aggregate for granolithic paving and precast concrete paving slabs shall
comply with BS 882. Chippings are to pass 6mm mesh and be retained on 3mm
mesh, wash free from dust.
Aggregate for concrete topping to comply with Concrete Specification.
Aggregate for pebble wash paving shall be 20 to 30 mm diameter selected river
pebbles in natural form.

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 2.1.11 Anti Acid and Alkali Additive
Anti acid and alkali additive shall be similar or approved equal to:
a) Laticrete 4237 - Laticrete International, Inc
Products listed above are indicative of the type and quality of proprietary anti acid
and alkali additives which are acceptable for such treatment. The Contractor shall
submit technical data for the material he proposes to use.
2.1.12 Lightweight Concrete Screed
a) Fosroc
b) Sika
Lightweight concrete screed shall be lightweight concrete with a dry density of
350-400kg/m3.
2.1.13 Hardeners & Dustproofer
Ramps, Plantrooms, Carparking,
Driveways and Pedestrian Traffic Area - 5 kg/m2 of Calmet Redseal or
approved equivalent
Curing Compound - Calcure CR or approved
equivalent
2.1.14 Non-Metallic Pigmented Floor Hardener
Pigmented floor hardener shall be approved ready-mix powder compound of
specially processed and size graded non-metallic aggregate, permanent coloring
agent, dispersing agent and binding elements.
Physical Performance:
a) Abrasion resistance : 0.14mm
(JIS K 7204 GC 150H 2,000 revolutions)
b) Slip resistance (JIS A 1407) : 0.84 (Dry), 0.91 (Wet)
c) Water penetration (JIS A 6910) : 4.8cc
d) Oil penetration (JIS A 6910) : 0.05cc
2.1.15 Metallic Floor Hardener
Metallic floor hardener shall be approved compound of specially processed and
size graded metallic aggregate, hardening agents and others which can produce
an extremely ductile and malleable floor, capable of carrying heavy rolling loads,
without being crushed.
Physical Performance
a) Abrasion resistance : 0.10mm
(JIS K 7204 GC 150H 2,000 revolutions)
b) Slip resistance (JIS A 1407) : 0.81 (Dry), 0.85 (Wet)
c) Water penetration (JIS A 6910) : 3.8cc
d) Oil penetration (JIS A 6910) : 0.04cc
e) Electrical resistivity (NFPA) : 5x105-1x108 ohm
2.1.16 Car Park Floor Traffic Coating Systems
Consisting of the following proprietary elastomeric vehicular traffic coatings, line
maker and other components require to complete the system:
a) Exposed / Roof Top Car Park Floor System

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 i) A solvent free, polyurethane, seamless, lightweight, multi-
layered, waterproof, UV stable, abrasion resistant elastomeric
vehicular traffic coating system complying with proprietary
specification.
ii) Acceptable proprietary products are:
1) Deckshield ED
b) Intermediate Car Park Floor System
i) A solvent free, polyurethane, seamless, lightweight, multi-
layered, UV stable, abrasion resistant elastomeric vehicular traffic
coating system complying with proprietary specification.
ii) Acceptable proprietary products are:
1) Deckshield ID
c) Colour of Systems
i) Colour of systems is not limited to proprietary standard colour
range.
ii) A wide range of custom colours are possible and shall be 100%
colour stable.
d) Line Maker
Recommended by the manufacturer of the car park floor traffic coating
systems, and both from the ONE / same supplier.

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 2.1.17 High Performance Polyurethane Screed and Render System
a) Performance Requirements
The high performance polyurethane screed and render system shall have
outstanding wearing properties, high chemical resistance, seamless, slip
resistant, not support bacterial growth and comply with the following
performance requirements:
Compressive Strength: 52 N/mm2
Flexural Strength: 14 N/mm2
Tensile strength: 6 N/mm2
Bond strength (concrete): > 1.5 N/mm2
Abrasion resistance: ‘Special Duty’ – BS 8204: part 2: 2002(9)
Slip resistance: ‘Satisfactory’ – BS 8204: part 2: 2002(9)
Impact resistance: ‘High Impact Resistance’-
BS 8204: part 1: 1999
Water absorption: 0 ml
b) Acceptable proprietary products
i) Screed system: ARDEX R80P
ii) Render System: ARDEX R10P
2.1.18 Bonding Agent
Bonding agent for screed as shown in drawings or identified in the Schedule of
Finishes, shall be to the Architect’s approval. A lift-off test is required and must
achieve a minimum of 1 N/mm2.
2.1.19 Concrete screed to waterproof surfaces to be Grade 20 as per Specification
Section on Concrete, minimum 50 mm thick and have control crack joints to be
provided every 16 m2.
2.1.20 Interlocking Paving
a) Interlocking paving shall be 80 mm thick to Architect’s approval, in
selected colours and laid to patterns as shown on the Drawings.
2.1.21 Reinforced Grass Mat Paving
a) Reinforced grass mat paving shall be 305 x 294 x 36 mm thick turf paving
blocks to Architect’s approval.
2.1.22 Pebbles
a) Green washed river pebbles in 3 varying sizes to be provided for loose
laid pebble topping to roof terraces ; small (diameter 30-40mm), medium
(diameter 50-60) and large (diameter 90-120mm).
b) Washed river black sandstone; loose laid pebbles in varying sizes shall
be provided to the reflective pond.
c) Size of pebbles for pebble wash paving shall be graded to provide
compact appearance.
d) Pebbles shall be dredged from the riverbed, graded to size and shall be
rounded with slightly angular edges and consistent in colour.
e) Pebbles shall be supplied by an approved specialist supplier and installed
by an approved specialist sub-contractor, in accordance with the
supplier’s instructions.

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 2.1.23 Stone Paving
a) Dimensioned Stone paving shall follow sizes and layout as scheduled and
shown in drawings. Refer to Section 04 40 00 Stone Work/Assemblies for
stone quality compliance.
b) Cobble Stones for paving shall be regular in shape and size with surface
finish as selected.
c) Unless otherwise shown all stone paving shall be laid with a screeded
base with thin set for dimensioned stone and thick set for cobble stones.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Preparation of Surfaces
3.1.1 The Contractor must satisfy himself as to the suitability of all existing underlying
surfaces and that the correct requirements are obtained prior to laying any
screeds, toppings and pavings.
3.1.2 The Contractor shall report in writing to the Architect any condition which in his
opinion will affect the satisfactory execution of this work or endanger its
permanency as it will be considered that upon laying the first area of screed,
topping or paving the existing surface has been accepted without reservation and
no subsequent claim as to suitability or otherwise of the base and finishes will be
considered.
3.1.3 Screeds, toppings and pavings shall not be applied on any work which may be
unfinished, imperfect, wrong or in an improper condition to receive pavings and
such work shall not be covered up or finished against until same has been rectified
and authority to proceed given by the Architect.
3.1.4 The paving tradesmen are required to do all making good of work specified in this
section after all other trades.
3.1.5 The surface of concrete to receive screeds, toppings and pavings shall be
thoroughly roughened by picking, mechanical scabbling or other means and
cleaned of all dust and debris, and immediately before laying screeds, toppings
and pavings, the surface shall be well damped, a slurry of neat cement and water
brushed on and the new screed, topping and paving applied while the slurry is still
wet.
3.2 Mixing
3.2.1 All screeds, toppings and pavings shall be machine mixed.
3.2.2 The ingredients for all screeds, topping or paving mixes shall be accurately
gauged with approved measuring devices and mixed on proper watertight-
boarded platforms. Contamination of mixed material will be rejected. Mixes
containing cement shall be used up within two hours of the final contact of the
cement with water. The mixing shall be kept clean at all times and any set or
hardened materials must be removed prior to loading the mixer with each new
batch of material. All mixes remaining after this period must be discarded and
shall not be retempered for further use.
3.2.3 Screeds and paving mixes shall consist of 1:3 cement and sand, and shall have a
slump not exceeding 25mm.
3.2.4 Concrete topping shall comply with Concrete Specification.
3.2.5 Where screeds are required to be waterproof, the screed mix shall be admixed
with approved waterproofing compound strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's printed instructions.
3.2.6 Where screeds are required to be anti acid/alkali, the screed mix shall be admixed
with approved anti acid/alkali additive strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's printed instructions.

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 3.2.7 The granolithic paving mixes consist of 2:1:5 cement, sand and granite chippings.
3.3 Levels
3.3.1 Unless otherwise specified or indicated, levels shown on the Architectural
Drawings are finished floor levels.
3.3.2 Structural levels are only indicative. It is the Contractor's responsibility to ensure
that the levels specified in the Architectural Drawings are adhered to.
3.3.3 Floors shall be finished truly to plane either level or to falls and crossfalls as shown
on Drawings.
3.3.4 All finished surfaces shall be finished to a true and even surface over whole areas
to within +/- 3mm under 3000mm long straight edge, and the rate of departure
shall not be greater than +/- 1.50mm for each 500mm in distance from any point
of contact along the straight edge.
3.3.5 Screeds and pavings laid to falls and crossfalls shall be laid to the levels indicated
on the relative drawings and shall be free from all irregularities and depressions
so that water drains off the floor leaving none standing. Should it at any time prove
impossible to achieve the specified fall within the thickness of the screed or finish
indicated, the Contractor shall inform the Architect and await his instruction before
proceeding.
3.3.6 The total thickness of the floor finish including any screed or bed shall be such as
to bring the finished floor to the levels indicated.
3.3.7 Adjoining finishes including those to falls shall finish at the same level at doors
and elsewhere as applicable.
3.4 Placement of Screeds, Toppings and Pavings
3.4.1 Any joints in the screeds, toppings or pavings are to correspond to those in the
base slab and are to be formed against properly braced timber formwork.
3.4.2 Place and finish the screeds, toppings and pavings in the following successive
operations:
a) Spread, rake, screed, topping, paving and thoroughly compact by hand
tamping or rolling with a 100kg roller. If a roller is used, three traverses
shall be made in each direction.
b) Additionally compaction by hand at corners and at any joints as they are
being formed.
c) Power float in two operations. Power floating shall be taken over joints in
order to obtain a compact flush surface finish.
d) Power trowel in one operation to produce a smooth surface relatively free
from defects but which may still contain some trowel marks.
e) After the surface has hardened, hand trowel to produce a surface free
from trowel marks uniform in texture and appearance.
f) Screeds which are to receive surface applications of materials such as
waterproofing or roofing membranes shall be smoothly finished in strict
accordance with the substrate conditions required for such applications.
g) Pavings setts or cobbles shall be tamped and compacted onto the
bedding layer to ensure total cohesion and stability of the paving unit.
3.4.3 The installation of dimensioned stoned paving shall be as follow:
a) Check concrete substrate for soundness and stability. Remove from
surface any material and contaminant detrimental to good adhesion for
stone installation.

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 b) Provide screed bedding by first applying a bonding slurry (eg. Mapei’s
Topcem Pronto with Planicrete 50). Then apply screed made with binder
(Mapei’s Topcem) having residual moisture less than 3 % after 3 days and
a compressive strength not less than 25 N/mm after 7 days.
c) Install paving stone using a high performance cementitious Class C2T
adhesive (eg. Mapei’s Keracrete + Keracrete powder) conforming to EN
12004 & ISO 13007-1
d) Fill joints with a cementitious grout of Class CG2 conforming to EN 13888
& ISO 13007-3 (eg. Mapei’s Keracolor SF). Colour shall be as selected
by the Architect.
e) For expansion and movement joints use a polyurethane sealant
compatible to the selected stone, environment and usage. Refer to
Section 07 95 00 Expansion Control.
3.5 Curing
3.5.1 The Contractor shall protect all screeds, toppings and paving surfaces from drying
out, for a minimum period of seven days, by one of the following methods:
a) Method A:
Provide a waterproof sheet membrane, such as waterproof building paper
or polythene sheeting lapped 75mm at joints and sealed with 50mm wide
pressure sensitive tape.
b) Method B:
Chemically cure with an approved curing agent sprayed over the entire
surface in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions.
Ensure that the curing agent is not injurious to bonding of subsequent
finishes such as vinyl tiles etc.
3.6 Self Levelling Screed
3.6.1 Approved self levelling screed shall be applied to areas reflected in Drawings or
Schedules. The product is to be applied in accordance to manufacturer’s
application instructions and a copy is to be furnished to the Architect for approval
prior to the commencement of the works.
3.6.2 The self levelling compound is to achieve a minimum compressive strength of
25N/mm2 or a surface tensile strength in excess of 1.25N/mm2.
3.7 Anti-Dust Finishes
3.7.1 Anti-dust treatment shall be applied on all cement/sand pavings, toppings or any
other area called for in the Schedules or Drawings which constitute the finished
walking or traffic bearing surface and which will not be covered by other applied
floor finishes or surfacing materials.
3.7.2 Anti-dust treatment shall be applied to concrete where called for in the Schedules
or Drawings.
3.7.3 The treatment shall be applied in strict accordance with the approved
manufacturer's printed instructions, a copy of which shall be furnished to the
Architect prior to the commencement of such work.
3.8 Non-Metallic Pigmented Floor Hardener
3.8.1 Non-metallic pigmented floor hardener treatment shall be applied on all concrete
floors, cement/sand pavings, toppings or any other area called for in the
Schedules or Drawings which constitute the finished walking or traffic bearing
surface and which will not be covered by other applied floor finishes or surfacing
materials.

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 3.8.2 Non-metallic pigmented floor hardener in selected colour to Architect’s approval
shall be applied at a coverage rate of at least 2.5kg/m2 for medium traffic areas
and 5kg/m2 for heavy traffic areas.
3.8.3 The hardener shall be dusted on freshly poured concrete / screed / toppings, then
power floated to a smooth finish, in strict accordance with the approved
manufacturer's printed instructions, a copy of which shall be furnished to the
Architect prior to the commencement of such work.
3.8.4 Finished floor shall be cured in open air for 24 hours and then cured for at least 7
days covered with tarpaulin paper or polyethylene sheets.
3.8.5 Heavy traffic must be avoided for at least 3 weeks.
3.8.6 Apply tinted dustproof sealer in matching shade with the pigmented floor hardener,
in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
3.9 Metallic Floor Hardener
3.9.1 Metallic floor hardener treatment shall be applied on all concrete floors,
cement/sand pavings, toppings or any other area called for in the Schedules or
Drawings which constitute the finished walking or traffic bearing surface and which
will not be covered by other applied floor finishes or surfacing materials.
3.9.2 Metallic floor hardener in selected colour to Architect’s approval shall be applied
at a coverage rate of at least 3kg/m2 for medium traffic areas and 5kg/m2 for
heavy traffic areas.
3.9.3 The hardener shall be dusted on freshly poured concrete / screed / toppings, then
power floated to a smooth finish, in strict accordance with the approved
manufacturer's printed instructions, a copy of which shall be furnished to the
Architect prior to the commencement of such work.
3.9.4 Finished floor shall be cured in open air for 24 hours and then cured for at least 7
days covered with tarpaulin paper or polyethylene sheets.
3.9.5 Heavy traffic must be avoided for at least 3 weeks.
3.9.6 Apply dustproof sealer in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
3.10 Car Park Floor Traffic Coating
Carry out works in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation, printed literature,
and applicable codes, standards and statutory requirements.
3.11 High Performance Polyurethane Screed and Render System
Carry out works in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation, printed literature,
and applicable codes, standards and statutory requirements.
3.12 Granolithic Paving
3.12.1 Granolithic paving shall consist of two parts cement, one part clean washed sand
and five parts fine granite chippings. Chippings to pass 6mm mesh and be
retained on 3mm mesh, washed free from dust.
3.12.2 The water content of the mix shall be only the absolute minimum required to give
a workable mix. The paving shall be thoroughly compacted within forty five
minutes of laying and the surface trowelling shall be delayed until the paving is
stiffened sufficiently to prevent laitance being brought to the surface by the trowel.
After full compaction, the paving shall be trowelled smooth with a steel trowel or
floated with a wooden float as required, at least 3 times at intervals during the next
6 to 10 hours to produce a uniform hard surface free from laitance and with as
much coarse aggregate as possible just below the surface.
3.12.3 Granolithic paving shall be laid in alternate panels not exceeding 15m2. Maximum
side length of bay: 4.00m.

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 3.12.4 Cast bays chequer-board pattern with min. 24 hours delay between casting
adjacent bays. Cure finish by keeping damp for a minimum of fourteen days.
3.12.5 Control joints (and/or expansion joints) shall be provided in accordance with the
drawings. The joints shall be filled with polyurethane sealant or other appropriate
material to Architect’s approval.
3.13 Lightweight Concrete Screed
3.13.1 Mix lightweight foam concrete ingredients with water in a clean mixer in strict
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to obtain a uniform mix free from
lumps. Strength to be achieved shall be 0.7 N/mm2 at 350 kg/m3 density.
3.13.2 Place, spread and screed smooth to a thickness of 50mm as shown on the
Drawings.
3.13.3 Forty-eight hours should elapse before roofing materials are applied. In case of
rain, allow an additional twenty-four hours.
3.14 Precast Paving
3.14.1 Paving panels at roof decks shall be hydraulically pressed precast in steel moulds
to BS 6073 with 3mm rounded or chamfered edges, reinforced with BRC mesh to
BS 4483 and laid over lightweight concrete screed.
3.14.2 Paving shall be exposed granite aggregate type or smooth surface finish with
approved non-slip surface type laid to patterns on drawings.
3.14.3 Panel sizes and thicknesses shall be as shown on the Drawings
3.14.4 The joints shall be filled with Fosroc Nitoseal MS300 sealant or other appropriate
material, to Architect’s approval.
3.15 Loose Laid Pebble Topping
3.15.1 Lay pebbles in various sizes on roof terraces, over precast concrete pavers, to
Architect’s approval.
3.16 Concrete Topping
3.16.1 Concrete topping shall have a minimum thickness of 20mm for bonded toppings
and 50mm for unbonded toppings.
3.16.2 The specification of cement, sand and aggregate shall comply with Section on-
Structural Concrete with size of aggregate to suit the thickness of topping required.
3.16.3 Maximum bay sizes for concrete topping are as follows:
Not more than 20m2 for 20 to 30mm thick toppings
Not more than 15m2 for 30 to 40mm thick toppings
The ratio of the length to breadth not more than 3:2
Bay width not more than 4.5m
3.16.4 Joints
Provide and install trims, square edged with non-ferrous top surface, securely
fixed, compact thoroughly at edges to give level, closely abutted joints with no
lipping.
3.17 Bonding Agent
3.17.1 Bonding additive to mortar for the laying of tiles and stone and to any other
locations called for in the Drawings or Schedules and shall be applied as directed
by the Architect.
3.17.2 The bonding mortar shall be mixed and applied in strict accordance with the
approved manufacturer's printed instructions, a copy of which shall be furnished
to the Architect prior to the commencement of such work.

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 3.18 Coloured Stamped Concrete Screed
3.18.1 The area to receive stamped concrete shall have the sub-grade. Refer Structural
Engineer’s drawings and specifications.
3.18.2 For formwork and slab thickness, refer Structural Engineer’s drawings and
specifications.
3.18.3 Provide reinforcement as shown on drawings and as specified.
3.18.4 Control joints (and/or expansion joints) shall be provided in accordance with the
drawings.
3.18.5 The concrete shall be placed and screeded to the finished grade and floated to a
uniform surface in the standard method.
3.18.6 Approved colour hardener shall be applied evenly to the plastic surface by the dry-
shake method using a minimum of 60 pounds per 100 sq ft. It shall be applied in
two or more shakes, floated after each and trowelled only after the final floating.
3.18.7 Approved release agent shall be applied evenly to the surface. (To be used only
when the surface is to be textured with “approved stamped concrete tools.)
3.18.8 While the concrete is still in the plastic stage of set, the stamped concrete
imprinting tools shall be applied to make the desired impression to the surface.
3.18.9 After initial curing, the impressions shall be grouted.
3.18.10 Related work to be completed by Contractor:
a) Preparation work, including sub-grade preparation, finish grading, setting
of forms and screeds, and furnishing of reinforcement when required shall
be done by Contractor.
b) Provide and place all concrete.
c) Provide and apply all colour hardener.
d) Provide and apply all release agent when required.
e) Provide and apply all stamped concrete imprinting tools in the proper
pattern per specified.
f) Grout imprinted joints.
g) Outside edges of stamped concrete slabs shall be left coloured.
3.19 Pebble Wash Paving
3.19.1 Place pebbles in areas as shown on drawings.
3.19.2 Level and consolidate pebbles to required depth. Thickness of render with the
pebbles shall be 12mm thick minimum on 1:3 cement and sand screeded bed to
fall.
3.19.3 Prior to rendering on the screeded bed, brass dividing strips of 38mm average
depth x 6mm thick serving as both dividing strips and level pegs must be installed.
Pebbles are then mixed directly with cement in a 1:3 ratio, with water, trowelled
with a wooden float. Allow 20 – 30 minutes for the water content to be reduced,
then start to tamp and fill where necessary with a steel trowel. Start to wash off
cement grout with a soft brush when setting occurs. Hose off with water to ensure
that no cement residue remains.
3.19.4 Exposed aggregate shall be laid in alternate panels not exceeding 19m2. Cure
finish by keeping damp for a minimum of fourteen days.
3.19.5 Pebbles placed in undefined lines and loose pebbles are to be removed and
replaced.

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 3.20 Interlocking Paving
3.20.1 Beds for interlocking paving shall be 50 mm sand on 150 mm thick hardcore, well
spread and compacted to receive the paving.
3.21 Reinforced Grass Mat Paving
3.21.1 Beds for reinforced grass mat paving shall be 50 mm sand on 200 mm thick
hardcore, well spread and compacted to receive the paving blocks.
3.22 Protection
3.22.1 The Contractor shall take all precautions to protect floor pavings and bases and
shall replace at his own expense, any floor finish or base which is damaged or
defaced and shall hand over all floors on completion in a clean condition.
Replacement of damaged or defaced work may be extended at the Architect’s
discretion to include the whole of the room or area affected.
3.22.2 It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to ensure proper adhesion between all
paving and the structure and he shall replace at his own cost any loose or
defective work, not withstanding any claim by the Contractor that he has followed
the Architect’s instruction and specifications regarding the preparation of the
surfaces and the formation of a key.
3.22.3 The Contractor shall protect surfaces which are to receive subsequent finishes
against mechanical damage etc immediately after finishing. If, when the later
finish is to be laid, the surface shows irregularities likely to affect the finish, the
affected areas shall be ground back within limits to 2.5mm below the intended
finished level and brought up to a finished level by the application of an approved
levelling compound applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations and instructions.
3.22.4 The Contractor shall protect paved surfaces immediately after laying, if possible
by locking up the area. Limit traffic over the floor and remove protection
immediately prior to completion date. This protection shall be resistant to foot and
vehicular traffic.
3.22.5 Take up and lay protective coverings as required for inspection, cleaning, sealing
and polishing. Protection shall include a periodical cleaning where required to
prevent dirt, grit and the like from becoming engrained. No protective finish shall
be laid or applied which will in any way inhibit fixing of later floor finishes.

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