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Indication
In critically ill infants, placement of intravenous catheters is often difficult
and time consuming. The intraosseous route offers immediate vascular
access required for emergency administration of drugs during resuscitation.
Intraosseous infusion uses the rich vascular network of long bones to
transport fluids and drugs from the medullary cavity to the circulation. The
response and distribution of fluid and drugs injected via the intraosseous
route appears to be very similar to that after intravenous injection. The
procedure should be limited to emergencies in which intravenous access
(including umbilical vein catheterization) cannot be established in a
reasonable length of time, usually 2-5 minutes.
Method
Insertion of a needle into the medullary cavity of a long bone should be
rapid and simple.
The preferred site is the medial proximal tibia because of its broad flat
surface and thin layer of skin covering the bone.
Complications
Success rate is about 80%.