TERM PAPER 1

Research Project

Submitted by:

JAYEMARC SORIANO

GRADE 12 – ST. MUTIEN MARIE

January 3, 2020
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1. How is Burke Johnson’s typology of non-experimental quantitative

research different from conventional classification of non-experimental

quantitative research?

In the conventional nonexperimental research, there are two things which

complicate the understanding of modern researchers. As told by Shen (2010),

there are two main concepts which are confusing for researchers which follow

the format of nonexperimental research, which are causal-comparative and

correlational.

To explain, according to her work, causal-comparative includes an

independent and a dependent variable while correlational uses quantitative data.

According to her lengthy summary, those two concepts are badly

represented in some textbooks because of how unorganized they are.

However, in Burke’s modern typology, nonexperimental research is

categorized in two ways or dimensions: the primary “research objective” and time

dimension.
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2. What are the dimensions in classifying non-experimental quantitative

research (NQR) according to Johnson? How many NQRs are there

altogether?

Burke Johnson uses two dimensions to describe his modern take on

nonexperimental research. Those two dimensions have their own approach when

it comes to research.

The first dimension is the primary “research objective” which measures the

actions taken by the researcher.

This dimension has categories as well:

 Predictive (Prediction) – Thinks about the future and the possibilities and

outcomes in the future.

 Descriptive (Description) – Describes objects and variables.

 Explanatory (Explanation) – Explains the reasons for why something

happens. According to Shen, it answers the “how” and “why” questions of

the study.

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The second dimension is time; it is about the data that the researchers

collected.

This dimension has categories as well:

 Longitudinal – This type of research takes a long time to accomplish as

the data that is collected for a long time is observed for differences. Its

subcategories are: Trend studies (study with a large population) and Panel

studies (same people but longer time).

 Retrospective – A look back in time and using past data to make a

hypothesis.

 Cross-sectional – Has a short period of time for studies and compare and

analyze the data from certain points in time.

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REFERENCE

Shen, E. (2010). Burke Johnson Typology Summary. Retrieved from

https://www.studocu.com/en/document/de-la-salle-university/industrial-

psychology/summaries/stat-prelim-ass1-burke-johnson-typology-

summary/6088087/view

Johnson, B. (2000). Toward a new classification of Nonexperimental quantitative

research. Retrieved from

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3102/0013189X030002003