MBB.IntroProb13.

ch07sec1-2

TRUE/FALSE

1. If a sample of n elements is selected from a population of N elements using a sampling plan in

which each of the possible samples has the same chance of being selected, then the sampling
is said to be random and the resulting sample is a simple random sample.

ANS: T PTS: 1

2. There are four ways of selecting a distinct, unordered sample of size n = 2 without
replacement from a population of size N = 4.

ANS: F PTS: 1

3. A cluster sample is a simple random sample of clusters from the available clusters in the
population.

ANS: T PTS: 1

4. Nonrandom samples can be described and also be used for making inferences.

ANS: F PTS: 1

5. A newspaper is trying to decide which comics to carry on a daily basis, which comics to carry
only on Sunday, and which comics to discontinue. The editor invites the readers to "vote" for
their preferences by clipping a "ballot" from the editorial page and mailing it in. This is an
example of a judgment sample.

ANS: F PTS: 1

6. Stratified random sampling involves selecting a simple random sample from each of a given
number of subpopulations, called strata.

ANS: T PTS: 1

7. The publisher of a newspaper decides which articles will be submitted for the consideration of
the Pulitzer Prize committee. This is an example of cluster sampling.

ANS: F PTS: 1

8. Numerical descriptive measures calculated from a sample are called Statistic.

ANS: T PTS: 1

9. The latest U.S. census shows the population aged 25 to 40 to be 48% male and 52% female. A
market research firm interested in the buying habits of young adults aged 25 to 40 instructs its
interviewers to sample 300 persons, 144 of whom are to be men and 156 of whom are to be
women. This is an example of a quota sample.
 ANS: T PTS: 1

10. A convenience sample is a sample that can be easily and simply obtained with random
selection.

ANS: F PTS: 1

11. Judgment sampling allows the sampler to decide who will or will not be included in the
sample.

ANS: T PTS: 1

12. A 1-in-k systematic random sample involves the random selection of one of the first k
elements in an ordered population, and then the systematic selection of every kth element
thereafter.

ANS: T PTS: 1

13. Quota sampling, in which the makeup of the sample must reflect the makeup of the
population on some pre-selected characteristics, often has a nonrandom component in the
selection process.

ANS: T PTS: 1

14. Let be 1 if a success occurs and 0 otherwise. Let i.e., x is the count of the
number of successes in n trials. If a random sample is taken from a population which contains
only zeros and ones, the sample mean is an estimate of the actual proportion of ones in the
population.

ANS: T PTS: 1

15. A group of people who, in response to some general appeal, have selected themselves to
participate in a survey is called a simple random sample.

ANS: F PTS: 1

16. The simple random sample is a subset of a frame, or of an associated population, chosen in
such a fashion that every possible subset of like size has an equal chance of being selected.

ANS: T PTS: 1

17. The stratified random sample is a subset of a frame, or of an associated population, chosen by
randomly selecting one of the first k elements and then including every kth element thereafter
until the desired sample size has been reached.

ANS: F PTS: 1

18. If a sample is selected at random, the main reason that the sample mean might be different
than the corresponding population mean is that the sample might be biased.

ANS: F PTS: 1
 19. The shape of the normal distribution is determined by its mean and its standard deviation .

ANS: T PTS: 1

20. All sampling plans involve random selection of the sample from the corresponding
population.

ANS: F PTS: 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is a correct statement about the stratified random sample?

a. It is useful when the frame or population to be sampled is known to contain two or

more mutually exclusive and clearly distinguishable subgroups or strata that differ
greatly from one another with respect to some characteristic of interest.
b. It is useful when the frame or population to be sampled is known to contain two or
more mutually exclusive and clearly distinguishable subgroups or strata that are
fairly homogeneous internally.
c. It is chosen by taking separate (simple or systematic) random samples from every
stratum, often in such a way that the sizes of the separate samples vary with the
importance of the different strata.
d. All of these are correct statements about this type of sample.
e. None of these are correct statements about this type of sample.
ANS: D PTS: 1

2. Which of the following correctly describes a sample?

a. It is a subset of the population of interest.

b. Its summary measures are designated by Roman letters (such as for sample
mean).
c. Its summary measures are called statistic.
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
ANS: D PTS: 1

3. A list of commonly used parameters includes:

a. the sample mean

b. the sample standard deviation, s
c.
the sample proportion
d. all of these
e. none of these
ANS: E PTS: 1

4. Which of the following is not a correct statement about the systematic random sample?
 a. This type of sample has the advantage of being usable even when we do not know
the size of the frame and, thus, cannot label each elementary unit with a number.
b. This type of sample is a subset of a frame, or of an associated population, chosen
by taking separate censuses in a randomly chosen subset of geographically distinct
clusters into which the frame or population is naturally divided.
c. This type of sample is a subset of a frame, or of an associated population, chosen
by randomly selecting one of the first k elements and then including every kth
element hereafter until the desired sample size has been reached.
d. This type of sample might be used by a quality inspector who wants to determine
the percentage of defective units produced on an assembly line that never shuts
down.
e. Both “This type of sample is a subset of a frame, or of an associated population,
chosen by taking separate censuses in a randomly chosen subset of geographically
distinct clusters into which the frame or population is naturally divided” and “This
type of sample is a subset of a frame, or of an associated population, chosen by
randomly selecting one of the first k elements and then including every kth
element hereafter until the desired sample size has been reached” are incorrect.
ANS: B PTS: 1

PROBLEM

1. Identify the sampling design for each of the following.

The Vice President for Academic Affairs of Southern State University decides which research
proposals submitted to her by each college dean will be submitted for federal funding
consideration.

______________

Every student in an introductory genetics class is assigned a number. The professor then
randomly selects ten numbers and surveys the corresponding students.

______________

Class rosters list student names in alphabetical order. A professor wants to select some
students to participate in a research project. The professor starts with the 5th name and then
selects every 10th student thereafter.

______________

An apartment complex manager randomly selects 10 buildings from the complex of 30

buildings, and then interviews one household from every apartment in the 10 buildings.
 ______________

The student body of a large law school is comprised of 85% in-state residents and 15% out-of-
state residents. An evaluation team wishes to interview 200 alumni from the school. They are
instructed to contact 170 in-state alumni and 30 out-of-state alumni.

______________

ANS:
Judgment sampling; Simple random sampling; 1-in-k Systematic sampling; Cluster sampling;
Quota sampling

PTS: 1

2. A questionnaire was mailed to 1000 registered municipal voters selected at random. Only 600
questionnaires were returned, and of the 600 returned, 450 respondents were strongly opposed
to a surcharge proposed to support the city Parks and Recreation Department. Are you willing
to accept the 75% figure as a valid estimate of the percentage in the city who are opposed to
the surcharge?

______________

Why or why not?

________________________________________________________

ANS:
No; The questionnaires that were returned do not constitute a representative sample from the
1000 questionnaires that were randomly sent out.It may be that the voters who chose to return
the questionnaire were particularly adamant about the Parks and Recreation surcharge, while
the others had no strong feelings one way or the other. The nonresponse of 40% of the voters
in the sample will undoubtedly bias the resulting statistic.

PTS: 1

3. A group of medical researchers reported on the accuracy of using magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) to evaluate ligament sprains and tears on 50 patients. Consecutive patients with acute
or chronic knee pain were selected from the clinical practice of one of the researchers and
agreed to participate in the study.

Describe the sampling plan used to select study participants.

________________________________________________________

What chance mechanism was used to select this sample of 50 individuals with knee pain?
 ______________

Can valid inferences be made using the results of this study?

______________

Why or why not?

________________________________________________________

ANS:
The sample was chosen from patients in the clinical practice of one of the researchers who
was willing to participate.; Convenience sampling; Yes, under certain circumstances; Valid
inferences can be made from this study only if the convenience sample chosen by the
researcher behaves like a random sample. That is, the patients in this particular clinical
practice must be representative of the population of patients as a whole. In order to increase
the chances of obtaining a sample that is representative of the population of patients as a
whole, the researcher might try to obtain a larger base of patients to choose from.Perhaps
there is a computerized database from which he or she might select a random sample.

PTS: 1

4. A study of an experimental blood thinner was conducted to determine whether it works better
than the simple aspirin tablet in warding off heart attacks and strokes. The study involved
20,000 people who had suffered heart attacks, strokes, or pain from clogged arteries. Each
person was randomly assigned to take either aspirin or the experimental drug for 1 to 3 years.
Assume that each person was equally likely to be assigned one of the two medications.

Devise a randomization plan to assign the medications to the patients.

________________________________________________________

Will there be an equal number of patients in each treatment group? Explain.

________________________________________________________

ANS:
Answers will vary. For example: Since each patient must be randomly assigned to either
aspirin or the experimental drug with equal probability, assign the digits 0-4 to the aspirin
treatment, and the digits 5-9 to the experimental drug treatment. As each patient enters the
study, choose a random digit using the table of random numbers in your book and assign the
appropriate treatment.; Answers will vary. For example: The randomization scheme in part (a)
does not guarantee an equal number of patients in each group.

PTS: 1