FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

Dr Punita Manik
Professor
Department of Anatomy
K G’s Medical University U P
Lucknow
 Female Reproductive System

• Ovary
• Uterine tube
• Uterus
• Vagina
 Ovary
• Germinal Epithelium
• Cortex
• Medulla
 Ovary
• Germinal Epithelium
- cuboidal cells
- Tunica albuginea
• Cortex
-Primordial follicle
-Primary follicle
-Secondary(antral) follicle
-Mature(Graafian) follicle
-Atretic follicle
-Corpus luteum
-Corpus albicans

• Medulla
- Connective tissue
- Vessels
Ovary
Ovary
Ovary
High Power of Ovarian
Follicles
Primary Follicle
Primary Follicle
Primary Follicle
Primary Follicle
Primary Follicle
Secondary Follicle
Secondary Follicle
Secondary Follicle in a late stage
of developement
Maturing Follicle
Mature Follicle
Mature Follicle
Mature Follicle
Collapsed follicle
undergoes
Luteinization
Cells: 2 Types
1.Granulosa lutein
cells-large derived
from granulosa cells
2. Theca lutein cells-
smaller, derived from
cells of Theca
interna
 Corpus Luteum
Highly
vasculari
zed
structure
 Luteal Cells

Cells-
Increase in
size
Filled with
lipid
droplets
Lipochrome
pigment –
yellow
appearance
Luteal Cells
 Corpora Lutea

Secretes Progesterone
Corpus Luteum
Fallopian Tube
 Uterine tube

• Mucosa
• -branching, irregular folds
• Epithelium
• Ciliated columnar and Non
ciliated secretary cells (PEG
CELLS)
• Lamina propria
• Muscle layer
• Inner circular
• Outer longitudinal
• Serosa
Uterine tube
Fallopian Tube
 Uterine Tube

Branching Folds
Provide nutrition for the fertilized
ovum from all sides
 Uterine Tube

Branching irregular folds fill the

lumen of the tube
Uterine Tube
Uterine Tube Epithelium

Below epithelium lies Lamina Propria

 Uterine Epithelium

Factors helping in transport of Ovum

Cilia of the epithelial cells
Rhythmic contraction of the Muscle Layer
Uterine Tube Epithelium
Uterine Tube
Ovary, Fimbria, Oviduct

https://secure.health.utas.edu.au/intranet/c
ds/cam202/Images/92ax100d.jpg
 Uterus
• Perimetrium((Peritomiun)
-serous coat of mesothelium

• Myometrium (muscles)
-ill-defined three layers of smooth
muscles
- Inner and outer- longitudinal
- Middle circular (stratum
vasculare)

• Endometrium (Mucosa)
Epithelium
-simple columnar cells
Lamina propria
- Uterine glands
-Vessels
- Basal arteries
-Spiral arteries
Uterus
Uterus
 Uterine Endometrium &
Myometrium
Stratum functionalis
- Stratum compactum
-Stratum songiosum
Stratum basalis
Cyclical changes in
Endometrium
 Uterus- Proliferative Phase
• Increased mitotic
activity of the
Connective tissue in
the Lamina Propria
• Increase mititic
activity in the basal
remanants of the
uterine glands in the
basal layer of the
endometrium
 Uterine Endometrium
Proliferative Phase
• Rapid growth and
development of
Endometrium
• Glands:
proliferate,
thicken,
Become closely packed
• Spiral arteries begin to
grow,show slight
coiling
 Secretory Phase
1.Odematous
endometrium
2.Tortuous
uterine
glands
3.Glands filled
with
Secretion rich
in glycogen
4.Spiral arteries
also lengthen,
more coiled,
reach to the
surface of
endometrium
 Secretory Phase
• Hypertrophy of
Glandular epithelium

• Increased Vascularity

• Edema(Fluid
retention) in
endometrium
Secretory Phase
 Endometrium – Menstrual Phase

•Blood
vessels:
Rupture
•Function
part of the
endometri
um is
shed as
menstrual
flow
Uterus
Endometrium- Secretory Phase
 Vagina
• Fibromuscular elastic thin-walled tube
• Provides passageway for delivery of baby,
for menstrual flow and for delivery of
semen (and sperm) to uterine tube.
• 3 Layers
• Mucosa
• Muscle Layer
• Adventitia/ Fibrous coat
 Vagina
• Mucosa
-Epithelium
Stratified squamous
-Lamina propria
No glands
• Muscle layer
- ill-defined layers
of smooth muscles
-Inner -circular
-outer- longitudinal
Intermixed with
ELASTIC FIBRES
• Adventitia
 Vagina
• Epithelium :
very thick
• May show partial keratinization
 Vagina:Stratified Squamous
Epithelium (High Power)

Under the
influence of
oestrogen in
the
preovulatory
phase, there is
synthesis and
accumulation
of glycogen in
the cells of
epithelium.
Vagina
Vagina
 Vagina
Elastic fibres
present in the
Lamina propria
and in the
muscle layer
allows
elongation and
distention of
vagina
 Vagina
• Secretion in vagina- transudation and
from Cervical mucous glands
• Bacteria in vagina:
Dooderlein’s bacilli anerobically
metabolize glycogen to lactic
acid , pH of vagina is acidic.
(prevents infection).
 PAP SMEAR
• Microscopic Examination of cells
collected(Scrapped) from vaginal and
cervical mucosae
• Valuable diagnostic information about
Cervical cancer
• Caused by certain types of human
papillomavirus (HPV)
 MCQ
Primordial Follicle in section is
identified by
1. Zona Pellucida
2. Single layer of flattened follicular cells
3. Theca Folliculi
4. Antrum Folliculi

ANSWER 2
 MCQ
Uterine tube is lined by
1.Simple cubodal
2. Simple columnar
3.Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
4.Simple columnar ciliated

Answer 4
 MCQ
Secretory phase of endometrium is
characterized by the presence of
1.Odematous endometrium
2.Tortuous uterine glands
3.Secretion rich in glycogen
4. All of the above

Answer 4
 MCQ
The secretion found in vagina comes
from glands present in
1. Vaginal wall only
2. Fornix of vagina only
3. Cervix of uterus only
4. Both vagina and Cervix

Answer 3
 MCQ
Granulosa lutein cells of corpus luteum
secrete
1. Luteinizing hormone
2. Oestrogen
3. Progesterone
4. Chorionic gonadotrophin

Answer 3