Nervous system.
5 liters
PNS – Link between CNS
Afferent – towards to CNS
Efferent – away from CNS
Effector organs – muscle and glands
Neuroglia or glia – blood brain barrier.
Meningitis – inflammation of the brain
Condralateral – opposite control of cerebrum
Left hemisphere – critical thinking
Right hemisphere – music
Association area – for recognition
Wernicke’s area – understanding/ recognizing
the language.
Somatic – voluntary
Parkinson’s disease – dophamine receptors;
hard times to start walking/ rolling in/ tremors
Hypothalamus – master gland of endocrine
system.
Brainstem – connects brain to spinal cord.
Stroke – cerebrovascular accident
Cranial Nevers.
Sensory – 1, 2 and 8
Olfactory – for smell
Optic – Vision
Oculomotor – muscles of the eye.
Trochlear – superior oblique muscle of the eye
Trigeminal - mastication.
Abducens – lateral rectus of the eye muscle.
Facial – facial expression
Vestibulocochlear – equilibrium of hearing
Glossopharyngeal – for swallowing (yiee)
Vagus – Sensation from visceral organs and
parasymphatetic keme.
Accessory – muscles the move head, neck and
shoulders.
Hypoglossal – for tongue
Circulatory
Albumin – egg white
Osmotic pressure - keeps the fluid inside the
blood vessels
Globulin – forms antibodies
Fibrin – blood clotting
Serum – when you remove fibrinogen on blood.
Formed elements (Solid parts)
Buffycoat – white blood cells.
Female – 4.
Male – 5.6 liter…
Hema – means blood
Poiesis – means production
RBC- carry oxygen, biconcave disk shape,
flexible. Anucleated (no nucleus)
1 Heme = 4 oxygen > Heme also contains iron.
Pallor – being pale.
CREB Cycle> Lungs, heart, artery, capillaries.
Oxyhemoglobin – combination of oxygen and
malamang haemoglobin. Present in oxygenated
blood.
Carbaminohemoglobin – Ito naman yung may
carbon dioxide. bind of oxygen in
blood/hemoglobin reversible
Carbonmonoxide- bind irreversibly in
haemoglobin.
Erythropoietin – Hormone produced by kidney.
Stimulate red bone marrow to produce blood.
High altitude – increase RBC.
 If no oxygen the RBC will increase.
Macrophages > found in liver, spleen.
Amino Acids – simplest form of protein.
Iron – can be recycled.
Bilirubin – found in liver.
Obstruction in liver: Feces – white
WBC (Leukocytes)
 5,000 to 10,000
 Buffy coat
 Presence of nuclei
Chemo attractants <-> chemo taxis
Agranulocytes – without granules.
Granulocytes
Neutrophils - 1st line defense in infection.
Eosinophils – against allergies , norms.
Basophils – inflammation.
Lymphocytes
Bilyphacytes – produce antibodies.
Monocytes – turn to macrophages.
Platelets (thrombocytes)
 150,000 to 400,000
Thrombos – blood clot
Prothrombin – blood clotting
Vascularspasm- blood vessels construct when
there’s an injury. > Vascular constriction
Platelet plug – prevents blood loss
Von willebrand factor > release thromboxane
and ADP.
Vitamin K – from bacteria in large intestine.
Our body has 100 trillion of bacterias. Ang dirty
diba?
Vitamin K
 Absence in Fetus.
 Important for clotting.
 Act of prothrombin.
 From diest.
Cloth retraction - action and myosin will pull.
Antithrombin & Heparin – prevent blood
clotting.
Anticoagulant – cure for stroke.
Pulmonary embolus – blockage of major blood
vessel (artery) in the lung.
Myocardfial infarction – heart attack.
Cerebral vascular accident – stroke.
Plasninogen – to dissolve clot.
Streptokinase – enzymes produced by
streptokonus.
Angina pectoris – chest pain.
 Unstable - event at rest.
RH (rhesus monkey)– group of antigens.
Antibodies – 14 days to develop.
1. Transmitted when the baby mix the
blood of mother.
2. 2nd pregnancy
Erythroblastosis fetalis – homelytic anemia in
nfetus
RH + - has antigens.
RH - - has antibodies.
Rhogam – vaccines to prevent erythroblastosis
fetalis.
Nemia – means decrease.
Penia – decrease amount.
Cytosis –increase
Blood vessels
Small blood vessels – regulate blood pressure.
Bright blood – from artery.
Dark blood – from vein.
Valve – helps the vein to flow right.
Inferior and superior vena cava – will carry
blood to heart and this goes to right atrium.
Pulmonary artery – unoxygenated.
Pulmonary vein – oxygenated.
Ascending aorta branch – supplies oxygenated
blood into the wall of heart.
Ischemia – lack of oxygen in the heart.
Angiogram – uses xray to take pictures of our
blood.
Coronary bypass surgery – procedure that
restores blood flow by diverting the flow of
blood.
Aneurysm – dilation of blood vessels.
60-100 bit – tachycardia
40 bit – bradycardia.
Below 120 to 80 – normal blood pressure.
80 /40 – hypotension.
More than 120/80 - hypertension
Popliteal artery and dorsalis pedis artery – get
bp from lower extremity.
Median cubital vein – site of venepuncture.
(blood chemistry)
Arterial blood – if you want to know the
amount of oxygen.
Sphygmometer – bp apparatus.
1st sound – korotoff sound.
Asterioclerosis – hardening of arteries and it
articulates cholesterol. (starts at 2yrs old)
Atherosclerosis - formation of plagnes.
(bundle of his)
Systole – period of contraction.
Diastole – period of relaxtion