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Kelompok 1:
CONSONANT
A. Definition of Consonants
Consonant is the sounds are produced by blocking the flow of air as it leaves
the mouth. There are many ways of blocking the air and various tongue, lip and jaw
positions required in order to create accurately the consonant of English.
1. Indonesian Consonants
Letters Letters
No. Examlples No. Examlples
[Sounds] [Sounds]
1 b [be] bantal 14 r [er] raih, juara, putar
2 c [ce] cakap, becak 15 s [es] suku, asli, lemas
3 d [de] dua, abad 16 t [te] tali, mata, rapat
4 f [ef] fakir, kafan, maaf 17 v [ve] varian, lava
5 g [ge] ganda, tiga, jajag 18 w [we] wanita, hawa
6 h [ha] hari, lihat, tanah 19 x [eks] xenomania, x-ray
7 j [je] jajan, manja 20 y [ye] yakin, payung
8 k [k] kami, paksa, politik 21 z [zed] zeni, lazim
9 l [el] lekas, alas, kesal 22 kh [k] khas, akhir
10 m [em] maka, kami, diam 23 ny [ɲ] nyata, banyak
11 n [en] nama, anak, daun, 24 ng [ŋ] ngilu, angina, pening
12 p [pe] pasang, apa, siap 25 sy [š] syarat, isyarat
13 q [ki] aqiqah, qurban
Phonetic Alphabet Table of Indonesian Consonants
Manner
Lateral VD /l/
lima
Semi- VD /w/ /y/
Vowel
wajah yakin
2. English Consonants
Letters Letters
No. Examples No. Examples
[Sounds] [Sounds]
1 B [b] baby, absent, number, tub 12 P [p] paper, repair, apple,
keep, top
2 C [s] center, cinema, agency 13 Q [kw] quality, question, equal
[k] cucumber, cry, scratch, [k] require, unique,
panic technique, antique
3 D [d] day, admire, hidden, kind 14 R [r] rain, rise, brief, hurry, car
4 F [f] fast, five, often, cuff 15 S [s] send, lost, kiss, release
[z] cause, advise, always, is,
was
5 G [g] great, giggle, egg 16 T [t] tell, time, tone, hotel,
student, rest
[j] general, giant, suggest
huge
manage, garage, rouge
[ʤ]
6 H [h] hair, help, behind, inherit 17 V[v] vivid, voice, even, active
[-] hour, honor, honest,
vehicle
7 J [ʤ] jam, jingle, just, June 18 W [w] wall, wind, would, swim,
twenty, twist
8 K [k] kind, kill, sky, blanket, 19 X [ks] exercise, expect, axis, fix
break relax
exam, exact, exert, exit,
[gz]
exult
xenon, Xerox
[z]
9 L [l] late, alone, table, file, all 20 Y [j] yellow, young
10 M [m] make, men, common, 21 Z [z] zoo, puzzle, organize,
summer, team quiz
pizza, Mozart, Nazi, waltz
[ts]
11 N [n] napkin, never, funny,
student, sun
Manner
Affricative VL /ʈʃ/
church
VD /ʤ/
jam
Nasal VD /m/ /n/ /ɳ/
man nine ring
A. Definition of Vowels
Vowels are sounds which are produced with the vibration of air in the oral cavity.
All vowel sounds are voiced oral. The relationship of the vowels to one another is shown by
the device known as the Vector Triangle.
• Tongue Height
• Tongue Advancement
• Lip Rounding
• TensenessParameters
There are some differences in vowel phoneme of English and Indonesia. In English
phonemes, there are two types of the vowel that usually used, they are “long monophthong
phonemes” and “short monophthong phonemes”. While in Indonesia, there are no such long
monophthong phonemes. It is the main problem caused English learners to get in trouble to
pronouncing several words. Listed below the explanation of a variety of vowel phonemes in
both language, English and Indonesia.
It’s clear from the diagram that the english vowel system is very different from the indonesian vowel
system. The most indonesian people, indonesian is a second language, and accordingly the dialects
are influenced by the mother tongue, which is the local language.
Based on the picture of vowel above. Contrastive Analysis deals with english and indonesian vowel
based on their pronounciation and their distribution. The following diagram will make the position of
the vowel clear.