Lec.

1
A) Define :-
1– Cause programs to run slowly or miscalculate (errors)(contain flaws)

2- Subcontracting portions of job to a third party to reduce cost and

Time . (outsourcing)

3- Learning without requiring students to be at specific location at

specific time. (E-learning )

4- Unauthorized reproduction and distribution of computer-based

media. (digital piracy )

5- Enable users connected to a computer network to have access to

the network’s programs, hardware, and data. (server)

6- Consists of four operations: Input, Processing, Output and Storage

(information processing cycle)

7- Replacement of people by machines and computers.(automation)

8- Field of study concerned with the fit between people and their
work environment. (ergonomics)

9- Device that performs the information-processing cycle (Computer)

10- An economic and social inequality with regard to access to and use
of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). (digital divide )
B) Differentiate between :
- Data and information.
Data
Data is raw, unorganized
facts that need to be
processed. Data can be
something simple and
seemingly random and
useless until it is organized.
Information
When data is processed,
organized, structured or
presented in a given context so as
to make it useful, it is called
information.

- server and client

server client
Enable us to connect to a Include the user connected to
network to have access to the a the network
network’s programs ,
hardware and data.

- microcomputers and supercomputers.

microcomputers supercomputers
Designed for home or office use - - Designed for big companies or
Small – inexpensive businesses.
- - Able to perform extremely high-
speed processing and show
underlying patterns.
- -huge – expensive
C) Sort descending according to processing power:
Minicomputer, supercomputer, mainframe, microcomputer.

Supercomputers > mainframe > minicomputers > microcomputers.

D) List :-
- Types of individual computers.
1-Desktop 2- portable 3- personal

- Advantages and disadvantages of computer use.

- Examples on collaborative software.

-google docs - google groups - wiki
- Examples on how to be a responsible computer user.
-understand how your computer use affects others
- be aware of e-waste
-obey laws and conform to requests regarding use of cell phone
- Examples on storage devices.
-hard drivers -CD -DVD - USB drivers - flash memory card
 Lec. 2

- List the four operations of the processing cycle and provide a brief
description of their function.
1- Fetch : retrieves program instruction
2- Decode : determine what the program is telling the computer to do .
3- Excute : performs the requested action
4- Storage : store the results to an internal register

- What is the difference between registers and primary cache?

1- Registers : store data when it must be temporarily stored in the CPU.
2- primary cache: is additional CPU memory that operates at very fast speeds found on
microprocessor

- List three to five factors that affect the performance and speed of a
computer.
1- The number of existing transistors
2- Data bus width and word size
3- Clock speed
4- Operations per microprocessor cycle
5- Use of parallel processing
6- Type of chip

- What is the difference between pipelining and parallel processing?

1-pipelining : enables the CPU to process more than one instruction at a time, which improves
CPU performance.
2 –parallel processing : is a method in which more than one processor performs at the same
time, resulting in faster processing.
 Lec. 4
• Differentiate between:
- Positioning and transfer performance.
Positioning transfer performance
how quickly the how quickly the transfer is
read/write head can get into made from the disk to RAM
position to transfer
data

- Primary and secondary storage.

Primary secondary
- Temporary storage -Fixed storage

-RAM - - Hard drive

- CRT and LCD displays.

CRT LCD
- Legacy technology - Are used with newer desktops
and notebooks
- Very bulky -Usually connected
to older desktop computers - Have a thin profile
- Inkjet and laser printers.
Inkjet laser
- Provide excellent - Use electrostatic
images—made up of reproductive
small dots technology to
produce high-quality
- Inexpensive output

- Relatively slow - Print faster than inkjet

• Sort ascendingly according to access speed:

HD, CD-R, RAM, cache memory.

CD-R < HD < RAM <cache memory

 Lec .5
A)List:-
• Categories of OS
1. Stand-alone OSs—used by single users
2. Server OSs—used in client/server network environments
3. Embedded OSs—found on ROM chips in portable or
dedicated devices

• Types of user interfaces

1. Graphical user interface (GUI)
2. Menu-driven user interface
3. Command-line user interface
• Examples on system utilities
1. Antivirus software
2. Speaker volume control
3. Power management options
• Power modes
1. Sleep mode
2. Hibernate mode
3. Hybrid sleep
B) Complete:

C) Differentiate :-
1. Cold and warm boot

Cold warm
Starting computer Restarting a
when it has not computer that is
yet been turned on already on
2. Full and incremental backup
Full incremental
include all files and include only those
data files changed or
added since the
previous backup

3. Disk cleanup and defragmentation

cleanup Defragmentation
Removing files that Reorganize stored data
you no longer need in a more efficient
manner

4. User profile and account

profile Account
a record of a specific Consists of user
user’s preferences name, password,
for the desktop and storage
theme, icons, and space
menu styles
5. Interrupt handler and vector table

. Interrupt handler vector table

mini-programs that in case of multiple
immediately interrupts, it
respond when an holds responses from
interrupt occurs multiple interrupts in
RAM, where
the OS processes
them in highest to
lowest priority order

6. Operating system and system utilities

OS system utilities
coordinates: Software programs—
essential to effective
-Interactions of hardware
management of the
components to each other
computer system
- Interactions between
application software and
computer hardware
7. Backup and troubleshooting utilities

Backup troubleshooting
copies data found on the Keep a boot disk
hard (emergency disk)—to load
disk to a backup device a reduced version of the OS
such as flash drives, DVDs, that can be used
external HD, or online for troubleshooting
storage location purposes

8. Single and multi-tasking OSs

Single multi-tasking
run only one application permit more than one
at a time application to run at
same time

9. Sleep and safe modes

Sleep safe
transfers the current state of Windows loads a minimal
your computer to set of drivers known to
RAM function correctly
c) When you start or restart a computer, it reloads OS into
the computer’s memory. A computer goes through six steps
at start up. Sort them.
A. loading the OS
B. loading the BIOS
C. loading system utilities
D. performing the power-on self-test
E. configuring the system
F. authenticating users

B => D => A => E => C => F