1.

Earbuds: very small headphones that you wear in your ears

VD: •The company makes headphones, in-ear monitors, earbuds, portable speakers, quality
cables and adapters.
•Most young people have a pair of earbuds with them when they go out
2. Bulky: too big and take up too much space
VD: •She carried a very bulky package on the bus.
•The TV was too bulky to fit into the boot of her car.
3. Velcro: a brand name for a type of material that consists of
two pieces of cloth that stick together with a system of very small hooks, used
to fasten clothes, bags
VD: Velcro has gradually become a familiar fastener for shoes, jackets, and even spacesuits
4. Fastener: a button, zip, or other device for temporarily joining together the parts of things
such as clothes
VD: The fasteners that attach the panel to the wall had corroded
5. Make up for: compensate
VD: He bought me dinner to make up for being so late the day before.
6. Assignment: a piece of work given to someone, typically as part of their studies or job
VD: I have a lot of reading assignments to complete before the end of term.
7. Reward: sth given to sb in charge for good behavior or good work
VD: •Students hoped for more reward than an announcement in
the school paper of their achievement.
•The company rewarded him for his years of service with a grand farewell party and
several presents.
8. Award: sth that is given to a person or organisation for an achievement
VD: •A recently launched advertising agency got an award for best marketing campaign of
2009.
•Their company was awarded a contract worth $40 million by the federal government.
9. Versatile: having different uses
VD: •He's a very versatile young actor who's as happy in highbrow dramas as he is in
TV comedies.
•A leather jacket is a timeless and versatile garment that can be worn in all seasons.
10. Portable: light and small enough to be easily carried or moved
VD: •The laptop's ultra compact design makes it extremely portable and practical.
•There was a little portable television switched on behind the bar.

11. Martyr : a person who suffers very much or is killed because

of their religious or political beliefs, and is often admired because of it
VD: She fought against racism all her life and died a martyr to the cause.
12. Invalid: someone who needs to be cared for because they have an illness or disability.
VD: My dad’s mother is an invalid, and she lives with my aunt and uncle.
13. Handicapped: not able to use part of your body or your mind because it has
been damaged or does not work normally.
VD: What's the best way of improving theatre access for people who
are physically handicapped?
14. Disadvantaged: not having the standard of living conditions, education, etc. that
most people have
VD: A new educational programme has been set up for economically disadvantaged children
15. Underprivileged: without the money, possessions, education, opportunities, etc. that
the average person has
VD: Children from an
underprivileged family background are statistically more likely to become involved in crime.
16. Low-income: not having or earning much money
VD: •Many struggle to make ends meet, particularly those from low-income families
•The fund helps low-income countries to increase their renewable energy use.

17.Launch: to begin something such as a plan or introduce something new such as a product
VD: •The airline will launch its new transatlantic service next month.
•A devastating attack was launched on the rebel stronghold.
18. Phenomenon: *something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted,
etc., especially something unusual or interesting
*anything that is or can be experienced or felt, esp. something that is noticed because it
is unusual or new
VD: •Glaciers are unique and interesting natural phenomena
•There's evidence to suggest that child abuse is not just a recent phenomenon.
•The Beatles were a phenomenon - nobody had heard anything like them before.
•We discussed the ever-growing popularity of talk radio, and wondered how to explain this
phenomenon.
19. Territory: land, or sometimes sea, that is considered as belonging to or connected with
a particular country or person
VD: •The robin keeps other birds off that part of the garden - that's his territory.
Tthe government was prepared to give up the nuclear weapons on its territory
20. Franchise:* a right to sell a company's products in a particular area using the
company's name
*authority that is given by an organization to someone, allowing them to sell its goods
or services
VD: •Talk to other franchise holders and ask them what they think of the parent company.
•It takes hundreds of thousands of dollars to get into the franchised pizza business
21. Eliminate: remove or take away someone or something
VD: •We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident.
•The police have eliminated Larry from their inquiries
22. Innovate: introduce changes and new ideas - Innovation
VD: •The fashion industry is always desperate to innovate.
•The market leader's proven ability to innovate provides a key attraction for shareholders.
•Product innovations lead to
an increase in effective demand which encourages an increase in investment and employment.
•His latest innovation is a theater company that will perform for schools.
23. Figure: A particular type of figure is a person with that characteristic (noted/
prominent/ remarkable/ distinguished)
VD: •Our consultants are prominent figures in their field.
•She had always been so proud of her figure
•The controversial paper was attacked by many prominent figures within
the scientific establishment.
24. Patriot: a person who loves their country and, if necessary, will fight for it – Patriotic -
Patriotism
VD: •They were staunch British patriots and had portraits of the Queen in their flat
•Today's game will be played before a fiercely patriotic crowd
•Many Americans felt it was their patriotic duty to buy bonds to support the war effort.
•You may not agree with him politically, but no one can question his patriotism
•He was a country boy who had joined the army out of a sense of patriotism and adventure

25. Wartime: a period of time during which a war is being fought

VD: •In Britain, the Victoria Cross is awarded for acts of great bravery during wartime
•The government will commandeer ships only in wartime
26. Liberation movement: organization or political movement leading a rebellion, or a non-
violent social movement, against a colonial power or national government
VD:•The women's liberation movement contend that the personal is political.
•The women's liberation movement was a collective struggle for equality that was most
active during the late 1960s and 1970s
27. Transgender (singer): not the same gender as the gender they were said to have when
they were born
VD: •Society has become more understanding of people who are transgender.
28. Celebrity: someone who is famous, especially in the entertainment business
VD: •Hollywood celebrities turned up at Laguna Beach.
•He signed his first contract with Universal, changed his name and became a celebrity almost
overnight.
29. Platinum (record, album): a platinum phonograph record awarded to a singer or group
whose album has sold at least one million copies
VD: Main Course went platinum and generated amazing amounts of black radio play.
30. Deceive: make people have wrong opinion about sth – deceptive - deception/deceit
VD: •The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones.
•It's deceptive - from the outside the building looks small, but inside it's very big.
•The story is about theft, fraud, and deceit on an incredible scale.
•When the newspapers published the full story, all his earlier deceits were revealed
•The couple were accused of obtaining money by deception.
31.Debut: the first appearance of a set of musical recordings stored together in jackets under
one binding
VD: •He started as an actor, making his debut as a director in 1990.
•The museum recently debuted a brand-new, never-before-seen exhibit
32. Global smash hit: a popular and successful song, play, or movie
VD: After their first global smash hit the band started to tour internationally.
33. Release: allow something to be shown in public or to be available for use
VD: •The band's latest album will be released next week.
•The new edition of the dictionary will be released by the education minister later this month.
34. Solo: musical performance given by one person alone
VD: Parker's solo on "A Night in Tunisia" was so amazing that
the pianist backing him simply stopped playing.

27. Kick a habit: give up something harmful that you have done for a long time
VD: •She used to be a heavy smoker but she kicked the habit last year.
•Unfortunately, the physical nature of heroin addiction means that kicking the habit isn't as si
mple as just wanting to stop.
28. Rid oneself of sth: cause oneself to no longer have or be affected by sth
VD: She went to the beach to relax and rid herself of all her worries.