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Work for Non-Flow, W pdV
1 2. Steam is supplied to a fully loaded 100-hp turbine at
Work for Flow, Wf p2V2 pV
1 1
200 psia with u1=1163.3 Btu/lb, v1=2.65 ft3/lb and
v1=400 fps. Exhaust is at 1 psia with u2=925 Btu/lb,
Heat, (per unit mass) q q2 q1 v2=294 ft3/lb and v2=1100 fps. The heat loss from the
(per Total mass, Q = qm) Q Q2 Q1 steam in the turbine is 10 Btu/lb. Neglect potential
energy change and determine (a) the work per lb
Important Notes: steam and (b) the steam flow rate in lb/h.
(1) convention for Work: Work “done on” the system is
negative while Work “done by” the system is positive 3. An air compressor (an open system) receives 272 kg
(2) convention for heat: heat “added” to a system is per min of air at 99.29 kPa and a specific volume of
positive while heat “rejected” by a system is negative 0.026 m3/kg. The air flows steady through the
compressor and is discharged at 689.5 kPa and
Classification of Systems 0.0051 m3/kg. The initial internal energy is 6241
(1) Closed system – one in which mass does not cross its
J/kg. The cooling water circulated around the
boundaries (ex. Closed piston, closed box)
cylinder carries away 4383 J/kg of air. The change in
(2) Open system – one in which mass crosses its
boundaries (ex. Pumps, turbines, heat exchangers) kinetic energy is 896 J/kg increase. Sketch an energy
diagram and compute the work.
Steady Flow Energy Equation
Characteristics: 4. A centrifugal pump operating under a steady flow
(a) There is neither accumulation or diminution of mass condition delivers 2,270 kg/min of water from an
within the system initial pressure of 82,740 Pa to a final pressure of
(b) There is neither accumulation or diminution of energy 275,800 Pa. The diameter of the inlet pipe to the
within the system pump is 15.24 cm and the diameter of the discharge
(c) State of working substances at any point in the system
pipe is 10.16 cm. What is the work?
remains constant (ex. Inlet properties, outlet properties)