How to develop your first

cloud-native Applications
with Java—

Niklas Heidloff
Developer Advocate, IBM
@nheidloff
“Microservices are a software
development technique [...]
that structures an application
as a collection of loosely
coupled services.”
Wikipedia

@nheidloff #IBMDeveloper github.com/ibm/cloud-native-starter

What are cloud-native Applications?

Elasticity Continuous delivery

→ App stays responsive → DevOps

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New Options → New Challenges
“Kubernetes (K8s) is an open-
source system for automating
deployment, scaling, and
management of containerized
applications.”
kubernetes.io

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“Istio is an open platform for
providing a uniform way to
integrate microservices,
manage traffic flow across
microservices, enforce
policies and aggregate
telemetry data.”
github.com/istio/istio

@nheidloff
“Optimizing Enterprise Java
for a Microservices
Architecture.

[...] by innovating [...] with a

goal of standardization.”
microprofile.io

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How to use all Pieces together?

Kubernetes Istio

Java Enterprise Edition Eclipse MicroProfile

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Leverage platforms as
much as possible.

Use frameworks for app

specific logic.
@nheidloff #IBMDeveloper github.com/ibm/cloud-native-starter
Design principles Use only open- Make the first Be able to run the
for the end-to- source time experience application in
end example components for as simple as different
‘cloud-native- the core services possible environments
starter’ of the application

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Architecture: End-to-End Example ‘cloud-native-starter’

Browser Kubernetes with Istio Optional Cloud Services

Articles SQL / Db2

Web-API v1

Web-API v2 Authors NoSQL / Cloudant

Web-App Ingress

Web-App Sysdig LogDNA

@nheidloff
Authentication OpenID / App ID
“A container image is a
lightweight, standalone,

App D
App B
App A

App C

App E
executable package of
software that includes Container Runtime
everything needed to run an
Host Operating System
application.”
Infrastructure
docker.com

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Portable Containers
Java Image Dockerfile

Open source stack

OpenJ9 0.14.0
OpenJDK 11.0.3+7 from AdoptOpenJDK
Open Liberty 19.0.0.5
MicroProfile 2.2

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Example Application
Example Application – REST APIs

Browser Kubernetes with Istio

Articles

Web-App Web-API

Authors

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Exposing REST APIs GetArticles.java

JAX-RS
Java API for RESTful Web Services

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Exposing REST APIs GetArticles.java

Open API (formerly Swagger)

API description format for REST APIs

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Exposing REST APIs

Open API (formerly Swagger)

API description format for REST APIs

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Consuming REST APIs AuthorsService.java

MicroProfile Rest Client

Type-safe approach to invoke RESTful services
AuthorsServiceDataAccess.java

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Consuming REST APIs AuthorsService.java

MicroProfile Rest Client

Type-safe approach to invoke RESTful services
AuthorsServiceDataAccess.java

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Example Application – Traffic Management

Browser Kubernetes with Istio

Web-API v1 Articles

Web-App

Web-API v2 Authors

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Traffic Management – Web API Version 1
Traffic Management – Web API Version 2
Traffic Management ingress.yaml

Example: 80% / 20% splitting

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Traffic Management Demo
Example Application – Resiliency

Browser Kubernetes with Istio

Articles

Web-App Web-API

Authors

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Resiliency Service.java

Authors service not available

Usage of default values

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Resiliency Service.java

Articles service not available

MicroProfile fallback annotation

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Resiliency Demo
Resiliency Demo
Authentication and policy.yaml

Authorization

OpenID Connect
Identity layer on top of the OAuth 2.0 protocol

IBM App ID
IBM service to authenticate users and protect APIs

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Example Application – Authentication and Authorization

Browser Kubernetes with Istio Optional Cloud Services

Articles

Web-API

Authors
Web-App Ingress

Authentication OpenID Connect /

IBM App ID
@nheidloff
Authentication
Authorization
Authorization
Authorization server.xml

Via MicroProfile

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Authorization Manage.java

Via MicroProfile

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Observability

Tracing Microservices vs monolith Chained invocations Kubernetes

Logging → Higher complexity → 1 service = N pods
Monitoring → Ephemeral
Metrics
Healthchecks

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Example Application – Distributed Logging

Browser Kubernetes with Istio

Articles

Web-App Web-API

Authors

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Distributed Logging
Example Application – Distributed Logging

Browser Kubernetes with Istio

Articles

Web-App Web-API

Authors

@nheidloff #IBMDeveloper github.com/ibm/cloud-native-starter

Distributed Logging
Tracing server.xml

OpenTracing
Vendor-neutral APIs and instrumentation for
distributed tracing

Jaeger and Zipkin

Open source distributed tracing systems

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Distributed Tracing
Metrics GetArticles.java

Prometheus
Monitoring system and time series database

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Metrics
Healthchecks HealthEndpoint.java

MicroProfile Health
Liveness probes and readiness probes

Service.yaml

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Persistence via JPA

Browser Kubernetes with Istio Optional Cloud Services

Articles SQL / Db2

Web-API

Web-App Ingress

Web-App

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Persistence server.xml

Via JPA

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Persistence ArticleEntity.java

Via JPA

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Configuration kubernetes.yaml

Via MicroProfile

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Configuration CoreService.java

Via MicroProfile

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Try out the end-to-end
microservices example
cloud-native-starter!

@nheidloff #IBMDeveloper github.com/ibm/cloud-native-starter

Documentation
IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service including Istio and Knative
Summary

Get the code à

Leverage platforms as IBM loves open source IBM Developer IBM Cloud Lite account
much as possible
Use frameworks for app Kubernetes and Istio developer.ibm.com ibm.biz/nheidloff
specific logic
OpenJ9 & AdoptOpenJDK
MicroProfile
Open Liberty

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