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Dadang Niňa Arlene Vivs Paul F. Ric F. Ren Mai Revs Mavis Jepay Yana Mayi S Hung   Ag Bin

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BASIC STEPS IN VIRAL LIFE CYCLE
4. Synthesis of Viral Nucleic Acid and Protein
¬ any strategies
¬ Nucleic acid may be made in nucleus or cytoplasm
p all DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus
except poxviruses
p all RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of
the host cell except orthomyxoviruses and
retroviruses
¬ Protein synthesis is always in the cytoplasm

5. Assembly and aturation

¬ New virus particles are assembled.
¬ There may be maturation step following the initial
assembly
¬ ay occur at the nucleus, cytoplasm, or at the
membrane
¬ Smallpox virus - cytoplasmic assembly and maturation

6. Release
1.Adsorption
¬ Lysis
¬The virus attaches to the cells via ionic interactions
¬ Budding through plasma membrane ± if enveloped
¬Temperature independent
¬ Not every released virion is infectious
¬Requires viral attachment protein p Budding viruses do not necessarily kill the cell
p Viral attachment protein recognizes p some budding viruses may be able to set up
specific receptors persistent infections.
¬Cellular receptors p The ratio on infectious to non-infectiousparticles
p Cell receptors maybe CHON, CHO, and varies with the virus and with growth conditions.
lipid ¬ Eg. HIV
2.Penetration Viral Proteins
^ Enveloped viruses
¬ Structural proteins ± all proteins in a mature virion
¬Virus enters the cell by fusing with plasma membrane
¬ Non-structural proteins ± virally coded proteins which are not
pHerpes viruses, paramyxoviruses, HIV
packaged in the virion
pthe internal components of the virion are
immediately delivered to the cytoplasm of the cell
Effects on Host
¬Entry via endosomes, fusion with acidic endosome
¬ ay inhibit host DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis
membrane
¬ Details and mechanism vary
p Some enveloped viruses require an acid
pH for fusion to occur and are unable to fuse directly
with the plasma membrane Cytopathic Effect
p viruses are taken up by endocytosis ¬ Any detectable changes in the host cell
º p orphological changes
p Death
As the endosomes become acidified, the latent fusion p Apoptosis
activity of the virus proteins becomes activated by the p Indefinite growth
fall in pH and the virion membrane fuses with the
endosome membrane Epithelial cells ± adenovirus, respiratory syncitial virus
º Fibroblastic cells ± herpes simplex virus, poliovirus
This results in delivery of the internal components of P.F.[. ± Plaque Forming [nit
the virus to the cytoplasm of the cell.
p Viropexis/endocytosis/pinocytosis ± virus Infectivity
uptake via endoosomes
¬ not every released particle is infectious
^ Non-enveloped viruses
¬Entry directly across plasma membrane Assays
¬aybe taken up into endosomes and then cross (or ¬ detect every particle (e.g. electron microscope)
destroy) the endosomal membrane.
¬ detect infectious particles only (e.g. plaque assay)
3.[ncoating and Eclipse
Ang napakahabang trans na ito ay inihahandog ng:
¬Need to make genome available
¬Once uncoating occurs, enter eclipse phase 
 
¬Eclipse phase lasts until first new virus particle formed (Paulfie, Turay, Edo, Nina, Teacher)

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