VIGNAN INTSTITUTE OF ENGINEEERING FOR WOMEN

1.M.DIVYA SREE LALITHA,

mdslalitha@gmail.com.

2.P.SRI GOWRI,

srigowripendyala@gmail.com.

3.J.THARA,

srigowripendyala@gmail.com.

WEB TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION:
Web technologies that relate to the interface between
web servers and their clients. includes markup
languages, programming interfaces and languages,
and standards for document identification and
display.
MARK UP LANGUAGE SECTION:
Includes all markup languages including HTML,
XML, and SGML. Documentation in this section
currently includes an HTML Guide, XML Guide, and
a Document Type Definition (DTD) reading
reference.
CGI SECTION:
Includes four documents describing implementation
of the client to server web interface. It includes
information about the common gateway interface
(CGI), server side includes (SSI), JavaScript, and
writing perl script programs
HTTP SECTION:
Thic section currently includes an HTTP Reference
which is based on RFC 2616. It has brief descriptions
of the HTTP request and response headers and also
lists the possible response headers such as 404 (not
found).
PHP SECTION:
PHP is a scripting language that runs on the web
server and the script code is embedded in the HTML
document. It is easy to use with syntax similar to C
which is why it is so popular. This section includes a
PHP Introduction manual.
JAVA SECTION:
Documentation is being generated for this section. It
currently contains some web links.
MIME SECTION:
This section describes Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extension along with its purpose and it also includes
a few MIME related web links.
GRAPHICS:
Gif files used to add graphics to web pages.
HTML:
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is
the main language used to display information to web
browsers across the web. This language is based on
asc text and relies on tags which are surrounded by
the asc characters < and >. The tags allow for what is
called the markup which defines how the text
between the tabs is displayed. Read the HTML guide
for information about the various tags and how they
are used.
VERSIONS USED:
Strict - HTML 4.0 without frame or HTML 3.2
depreciated feature support.
Frame - HTML 4.0/3.2 with frame support.
Transitional or loose - Supports features of HTML
3.2 that are being depreciated in HTML 4.0. This
DTD does not support framesets. Some depreciated
tags/elements not supported by strict HTML 4.0 are
CENTER, FRAME, FRAMESET, NOFRAMES,
IFRAME, ISINDEX, DIR, MENU, APPLET,
BASEFONT, FONT, S, STRIKE, and U.
XML SECTION:
XML stands for extensible markup language. It is a
language for the world wide web, and is defined by
SGML. XML differs slightly from SGML since it
requires both a beginning and ending tag on all
elements. Also It does not require a DTD if the XML
document is "well-formed".

XML stands for extensible markup language. XML

was developed around 1996 and is a subset of
SGML. It's documents conform to SGML. XML was
made less complicated than SGML to enable its use
on the web. XML uses the ISO 10646 (Unicode)
standard for encoding characters.

Markup languages, such as HTML or XML, allow

special markup to be embedded with the rest of the
text that will enable the program that displays the file
to determine how to display the text. In this way,
special text like headers may be centered, have a
The DTD is based on the Standardized Generalized
larger and bolder font, or specific display colors may
Markup Language (SGML). SGML is the parent of
be set. Also additional elements may be added to the
all markup languages. Although XML may use a
file such as bulleted or numbered lists and tables.
DTD, it is not required for those documents that are
considered "well formed". A well formed document
SPECIFIC DISPLAY STYLE:
follows a set of rules for XML and this subject is
Markup languages use elements to set aside one area addressed in more detail later.
of content from other content. The display of these
elements (such as color, size, and font type) may be CGI SCRIPTING INTODUCTION:
determined within the markup file itself or outside
This section includes basic technologies that are used
the file using a style sheet. Normally, there is a
on both sides of the client/server CGI interface.
predetermined set of display characteristics (default)
Therefore it includes:
for each element which may be modified locally or
using style sheets. Authors are encouraged to 1.Client side JavaScript
separate the determination of display characteristics
(style) from the markup file. This makes management 2.Server side Perl Script
of display style much easier but the separation is not
required. CGI - Basic information about the CGI interface
itself

SSI - Information about server side includes which

DTD: enhances ability to use server side script programs.

Markup languages normally require a Document
Type Definition (DTD) which defines the elements
that are allowed in the document. The DTD also
defines how these elements may be used with
relationship to each other. It will define how many
elements and which elements may be included inside
another element. The DTD is a text file written by a
specific format to define the document.
This section will not include other technologies that
may also perform the same function such as PHP
which have their own sections. This section is
intended only as an introduction to CGI and the
various tools involved.
CGI DEFNITION:
CGI stands for common gateway interface. CGI is
required in order for information passed from the
client to the server using HTTP to be processed by a
program which is running on the server. CGI is a
defined standard that provides for the passing of data
between a web server and a CGI application. The
CGI defines a set of environment variables that are
used to pass the data. A CGI application may be
written in C, C++, Perl, Unix shells, TCL, JAVA,
visual basic or other languages. The CGI variables
may be set on the client side using client side
embedded script code such as JAVA script or VB
script.

SSI :

Thiis SSI tutorial explains how to use SSI, how SSI

impacts the performance of your web site, provides a
list of SSI commands. This SSI tutorial provides
examples of the use of SSI commands.

SSI stands for server side includes. SSI is a method

of invoking script programs that run on the web
server to perform some function and/or add
information to a web page. For instance SSI can be a
SCOPE:
useful aid if you want to do some of the following:
Because there are many ways and tools that may be
Add a hit counter to your page or passively count hits
used to communicate between the client and the
on your page.Add file information to your page, such
server, this section includes information about the
as the last update date.Include another HTML file in
following technologies:
your page.
The CGI Interface and CGI environment variables.

Perl server side script writing.

JavaScript client side script writing.

Server Side Includes (SSI) can enhance your page

and make calling server side script programs easier,
but it is not without penalties.
SSI includes are not without some drawbacks which
are:
PHP code is placed in the body of HTML code. It
They significantly increase the work the server must may be placed in HTML code as follows:
do, therefore they should be used conservatively.

There are some security concerns when SSI is used.

<?php
The additional burden on the server is due to the fact
that the server must search the ".shtml" file for server echo "This is a test of PHP!";
side include statements, then serve the whole page
?>
including any output from any script called in the
".shtml" file. this PHP Link checker is used to determine whether a
particular web page contains a link to another web
HTTP provides the capability not only for your web
site or page. The user needs to enter the URL of the
browser to request pages and files from the
link to search for on the page to be tested in the top
webserver, but also HTTP provides the ability for
text box, and the webpage to determine whether it
your browser to send information back to the server.
contains the link in the second box. The program will
Usually this information is in the form of text box
load the page designated by the second text box and
information, check boxes, and radio buttons you click
test to determine whether that page contains a link to
on or fill out when you register on a particular
the URL indicated by the first text box.
website, respond to a poll, or submit any form.

MIME:
HTTP CHARACTERISTICS:
MIME stands for Multipurpose Internet Mail
Stateless - Each transaction between the client and
Extensions. The purpose of MIME is to allow the use
server is independent and no state is set based on a
of a wide variety of media types through internet
previous transaction or condition.
mail. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Uses requests from the client to the server and Working Group defined the standard for MIME in
responses from the server to the client for sending 1992. Current MIME RFC's include:
and receiving data.

PHP INTRODUCTION:

PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor and is used as

a scripting language that is embedded in HTML and
runs on the web server. The PHP code is run on the
server when the page is requested.Anyone who
knows HTML and the C or C++ language can easily
program PHP. PHP uses much of the same syntax of
C, but is much easier to use and provides access to
variables and their values as submitted using HTML
forms without the need to parse information. Also
PHP is designed to work easily with most SQL
servers including the open source SQL server,
MySQL.
2045- MIME Part One: Format of Internet Message
Bodies
2046 - MIME Part Two: Media Types

2047 - MIME Part Three: Message Header

Extensions for Non-ASCII Text

2048 - MIME Part Four: Registration Procedures

2049 - MIME Part Five: Conformance Criteria and

Examples

MIME DESCRIPTION:

Internet mail could originally only transfer seven bit

ASC-II messages. MIME allows the sending of text under this we have web documents ,web
and many other file formats including formats for programming,web services,sematic web.
images, sound, video and more. It also allows the
sending of messages in more than just US-ASC text
along with the capability to put multiple objects in
one message, and use more than one font in a CONCLUSION:
message. One of the reasons that MIME is so
important today is that its standard is being used to Thus this web technology is playing a major role in
identify content for sources other than mail including this present day life of a man.
HTML file content and more. MIME competes with
the X.400 Message Handling Standard.

MIME allows messages with several parts which may REFERENCES:

be of different types to be sent. A "body of
information" refers to a part of a multipart message. 1.Internet.

CURRENTLY:

Deep Web Technologies is a software company that

specializes in mining the deep Web — the part of the
Internet that is not directly searchable through
ordinary web search engines.

The company produces a proprietary software

platform "Explorit" for such searches. It also
produces the federated search engine
ScienceResearch.com, which provides free federated
public searching of a large number of databases, and
is also produced in specialized versions, Biznar for
business research and Mednar for medical research,
and in customized versions for individual clients,