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TIMELINE of American Literature

Native American Literature Æ Age of Faith (1607-1750) + Age of Reason ( 1750-1800) = Enlightenment (1607-1800) Æ Romanticism (1800-1855)

Characteristics of Indian I. Historical Context: I. Historical context: I. Historical context:


Literature: • Puritans and Pilgrims • American Revolution • Expansion of book
• Communicated orally • Separated from Anglican • Growth of patriotism publishing, magazines,
• Myths, legends, chants church of England • Development of American newspapers
• Focus on nature • Religion dominates lives and character/democracy • Industrial revolution
• Creation stories writings • Use of reason as opposed to • Abolitionist movement
• Ritualistic (healing, • Work ethic: belief in hard faith alone II. Genre/Style:
initiation, planting work and simple living II. Genre/Style: • Short stories, novels, poetry
/harvesting, purification, II. Genre/Style: • Political pamphlets, essays, • Imagination over reason
hunting) • Sermons, diaries, personal travel writing, speeches, • Intuition over facts
Examples: narratives, slave narratives documents • Focus on the fantastic of
• How the World Was Made • Instructive • Instructive human experience
(Cheyenne) • Plain style • Highly ornate writing style • Focus on inner feelings
• The Coming of Corn III. Major writers: III. Major writers: • Gothic literature
(Mikasuki) • Bradstreet, Taylor, Edwards, • Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, III. Major writers: Irving,
• Night Chant Smith Paine Hawthorne, Poe, Melville

Æ Transcendentalism (1840-1855) Æ Realism (1865-1915) Æ Modernism (1915-1945) Æ Contemporary (1945-present)

Genre/Style: I. Historical context: I. Historical context: I. Historical context:


• Stresses individualism, • Civil War brings demand for • Overwhelming technological • Media-saturated culture
intuition, nature, self-reliance ‘truer’ type of literature that changes • Post WWII prosperity
doesn’t idealize people or • World War I: first war of • Beginning of new century
Major writers: places mass destruction and millennium
• Ralph Waldo Emerson • People in society defined by • Grief over loss of past; fear • Social protest
(“Nature,” “Self-Reliance”) class; materialism, ideas of of eroding traditions II. Genre/Style:
• Henry David Thoreau Darwin and Marx • Rise of youth culture • reality blurred, mix of fantasy
(“Walden,” “Civil II. Genre/Style: II. Genre/Style: and non-fiction, no heroes/
Disobedience”) • Realism, naturalism, novels, • Dominant mood: aliena- anti-heroes, individual in
• Whitman, Dickinson, short stories, aims to change tion/disconnection, writing isolation, detached,
Longfellow, Bryant, Holmes, social problem, themes: experimental: use of stream unemotional, humorless
Lowell, Dunbar, Robinson survival, fate, violence, of consciousness, interior • Emergence of ethnic and
nature as an indifferent force dialogue, unique styles women writers
III. Major writers: Beecher Stowe, III. Major writers: Steinbeck, III. Major writers: Kerouac,
Douglas, Twain, Crane, London Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Faulkner Ginsberg, Salinger, Ellison, Angelou,

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