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EVERY WEEK
CRTICAL REASONING
IN GMAT
KNOW ABOUT CRITICAL REASONING
You can think
Y hi k off critical
i i l reasoning
i questions
i as, essentially,
i ll mini
i i
reading comprehension questions. These questions tend to follow
passages that are one paragraph in length. These questions
primarily test the analytical and critical thinking skills of the
candidates. The critical reading section needs you to think logically.
Questions on critical reasoning constitute about one- third of the
total questions in the verbal section of the GMAT. There are
around 12- 14 questions on critical reasoning asked in the GMAT
exam.
An argument is a sequence of two or more
phrases, clauses, sentences or statements, one of which is a claim or
conclusion, which follows the premises. Let us take a single sentence
to understand the concept of critical reasoning in the simplest way
possible.
Weaken
39%
CRTICAL REASONING
IN GMAT
FOR EXAMPLE:
Taken together,
g , the ppremise and the conclusion form the
argument. Now, the underlying assumption is that- on
Sunday, the markets remain closed. There can be other valid
reasons as well. One point to note here is that this is an
Inference based argument. It is the inference that links the
conclusion to the premise.
CRTICAL REASONING
IN GMAT
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Breakdown by Argument
There are five major points:
(1) automation maximizes profit
(2) health care executives want to maximize profit
(2b) as a result of 2, health care executives propose automation
((3)) 2b should be rejected
j
(3b) reasoning for 2b being rejected is decline in quality of care
Every point leads to and supports point 3, which is the conclusion of the argument.
CRTICAL REASONING
IN GMAT
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q1. A fruit known as amla in certain parts of Asia is an excellent source of vitamin C. A small quantity of the fruit
grated and added to salads provides almost all the daily requirement of this vitamin. However, the fruit is very sour. A
new process designed to remove most of the sour taste will make the fruit acceptable to American tastes. We are
therefore starting to grow this fruit for sale in the United States.
The argument above assumes all of the following except
A. Americans generally won’t eat very sour foods
B. The new process does not remove a significant part of the vitamin content
C
C. Th a market
That k exists
i for
f a new source off vitamin
i i C
D. The fruit can be used only in salads
E. Apart from being sour there are no other objections to eating this fruit
Q2 . It is often thought that our own modern age is unique in having a large number of people who live into old age. It
has frequently been assumed that plagues, wars, and harsh working conditions killed off most people in previous ages
before they could reach old age. However, recent research shows that in 17th century Europe, for example, people over
sixty comprised 10 percent of the population.
population The studies also revealed that although infant mortality remained high
until the 20th century in Europe, people who survived to adulthood could expect to live to be old.
The portions in boldface play which of the following roles in the argument above?
A. The first is a conclusion that the author supports. The second is data that contradicts that conclusion.
B. The first is a finding that the author contests. The second is a finding that the author accepts.
C. The first is an assumption that the author thinks is invalid. The second is data that validates that assumption.
D. The first is a position that the author opposes. The second is a finding that supports the author’s position.
E
E. The first is a position that the author opposes.
opposes The second is an assumption which,
which if valid,
valid negates the author
author’ss
view.
Q 3. Critics of strict ‘‘promotional gates’’ at the grade school level point to a recent study comparing students forced to
repeat a grade with those promoted despite failing scores on an unscheduled, experimental competency test. Since
there was no significant difference between the two groups scores on a second test administered after completion of the
next higher grade level, these critics argue that the retention policy has failed in its expressed purpose of improving
students’ basic skills.
students
Which of the following best expresses the argument made by critics of promotional gates ?
A. Anxiety over performance on standardized tests often hinders a student’s ability to master challenging new
material.
B. A student’s true intellectual development cannot be gauged by his score on a standardized competency test.
C. The psychological damage a child suffers by repeating a grade outweighs the potential intellectual benefits of a
second chance at learning.
D. Strict requirements
q for p
promotion do not lead to harder work and ggreater mastery y of fundamentals amongg students
fearful of being held back.
E. Socioeconomic factors as well as test scores influenced whether a given student in the study was promoted or forced
to repeat a grade.
CRTICAL REASONING
IN GMAT
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q4 . All German philosophers, except for Marx, are idealists.
From which of the following can the statement above be most properly inferred ?
Q5. This editorial cannot be a good argument because it is barely literate. Run-on sentences, slang, and perfectly
dreadful grammar appear regularly throughout. Anything that poorly written cannot be making very much sense.
Which of the following identifies an assumption in the argument above ?
A. This editorial was written by someone other than the usual editor.
B. Generally speaking, very few editorials are poor in style or grammar.
g g of an argument
C. The language g is indicative of its validity.
y
D. Generally speaking, the majority of editorials are poor in style and grammar.
E. The author of the editorial purposely uses poor grammar to disguise what he knows is a bad argument.
Q6. The number of people diagnosed with dengue fever (which is contracted from the bite of an infected mosquito) in
North India this year is twice the number diagnosed last year. The authorities have concluded that measures to control
the mosquito population have failed in this region.
All of the following, if true, would cast doubt on the authorities conclusion except.
Q 7. Insurance company allows people to prepay their endowment insurance at current rates. The policyholder then
pays the premium every year. People should participate in the program as a means of decreasing the cost for their
living after retirement.
Which of the following, if true, is the most appropriate reason for people NOT to participate in the program ?
A. Peoples are unsure about which insurance company they will choose after retirement.
B Th
B. The amount off money accumulatedl db by putting
i theh prepayment ffunds d iin an interest-bearing
i b i account today d will ill be
b
greater than the total cost of insurance when they retire.
C. The annual cost of premium is expected to increase at a faster rate than the annual increase in the cost of living.
D. Some of the insurance companies are contemplating large increases in premium next year.
E. The prepayment plan would not cover the cost of hospitalization.
CRTICAL REASONING
IN GMAT
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q 8. A Politician wrote the following:”I realize there are some shortcomings to the questionnaire method.
However, since I send a copy of the questionnaire to every home in the district, I believe the result are quite
representative….I thinks the numbers received are so large that it is quite accurate even though the survey is not done
scientifically.’’
The writer of the above statement makes which of the following assumption:
A M
A. Most peoplel who
h received
i d the
h questionnaire
i i have
h replied.
li d
B. Most of the people in district live in homes.
C. The questionnaires method of data collection is unscientific.
D. The large number of replies means that a high Proportion of those sampled have replied.
E. A large, absolute number of replies is synonymous with accuracy.
Q 9. In 1950,Transylvania earned $ 1 million in tourist revenue ,By 1970,tourist revenue doubled and in 1980,it
reached the sum of $4 million.
million
Each of the following, if true, may explain the trend in tourist revenue expect:
Q 10. Scientists believe they have discovered the wreck of the USS Harvard, sunk by Japanese torpedoes during World
War II. Their conclusions are drawn from underwater searches by mini-submarines of the area about 4 miles west of
Midway Island in the Pacific Ocean during what started out as off shore oil platform accident procedures. There are
some military historians that are skeptical about the scientists claim, on the basis that sophisticated sonar equipment
has not identified the ship as, indeed, the Harvard.
A. Through searching by divers and bathyscopes has not located the wreck.
B. Three other ships were sunk in this area during World War II.
C. The ship’s last known position was 20 miles east of Midway.
D. The use of sonar only
y enables the user to identify
y the shape
p and dimension of a wreck.
E. It is not known whether the Harvard suffered much structural damage before being sunk.
CRTICAL REASONING
IN GMAT