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de Ga~lifGtJ Cü~J"'U lu f,ürnllt, sGixtmtiJ-'1ix ans plu~ t.'_'T,J, ld'

j'-'JJ'O.is pl'r-:iuit L'r. l'ror_c~'.

m'.criES d~ Cr''''f;ë~dt, ",ux W:,ysc.U8 :L8 l','J.'l.kbJlo, auz :iYY'WJlit6rJ8 de

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,,
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qU~ dc>vEtisnt briEsr tout à 10:: fois 1'" victcire de BiEm"rck sur

la )J'rancs, cC'll" dei 1IIc:= sur Bakou;cl.nc et ce11s ds Thiers ~Ur

Varlin, rsmua-t-i1 autre chos" que 1GS cendres d'un passé

brû1",nt ?

Qui sor.t CSE hClmmo:; cui font encoro trembler le bour

g~oiE, qui ~cent - ~t msme inquiètsnt - ls:; gardienE da l,"

fortero5se du carrefour Kossuth au point que le patriarche Duc

leur Consacrs un pamph1~t au r~sta psu convaincant ?

DanE qu~lle m~~ure le mCluvement de conteEtation qui

ébrm1e 10, société mnderne peut-il ijtrs rCtttaché à 1 '",narchi"

Sont-i1E enarchistes "es j<JunC's qui fuient les contl

tss toujours pluE PUSeritSE ds la vie modsrns, ss r~unissant n\

d=s 1eE champs pour éccutsr ds la musiqus npopn, spsctac1s

virgUle:-. qui eût snch=té Armand?

Cco~cnt les ennemi~ du i'autori~6 concilient-ils lu

théories aveC l~s n"ccssités da l'orger.is:oltion ?

1.'''.n"rchism& qui n~ sut jamais tunir Son rar.g dar,s

stratégie politiqu,,- cchérento ni ss prolonger dGnE une actiar

masss a-t-elle un avsnir à 1 'heure dos crdinatsurs et ds" fu,

C'est à ces questiCns et à que1queE ,mtreE 'lue LCll.::

a110nE nOl.:S vfforcer du répondro.

 - 5 -

D::'sons tout de sui t6 les difficlil tés innombr ..b19s

auxquelles On so heurte d=s unu tullo rüch€r'ch&. l5tudio.nt le

quart d~ siàcle q~i ~OUS sép~re d6 l~ deuxisme guerre ~cndiulG,

on s'a;:erçcit qu'au m8.n~ue d~ recul s'o.jO'ltu unr. "bs8nce l're8qu~

totalo d'ouvrages sur le sujet. Ajouto~~ qu'il s'ngit d'un phéno-

Q,Èma diffup.! st complüxe. L'anarchis;;'9 88t, [oU sens sc10nti:fique,

un ph6ncmènc microscopiqu8. Son ir.slu~ncc ust s,ms rq,port ,.vac

18 nombrs de ses militw;-s, quelques milliers à pcircQ, en FrfUlê:e.

Ceux_ci é~happent OlUX études st"t1",ti1ue:" ""UX sondagB8 d'opinion,

Lo. répuloi:orc qu'ils éprouvent pour le" éloctions ne permet m@m~

p~s de co~pt&r lsurs symp~thisnn~s l

t',.; FC'-lrta"t 16" ldées "narchistes o'~, cn tous CG."', lib~r_

ur. toirss sont dans l'o.ir, on pourrait ",tme dire dans 1& ver.t 1 En

!Ilai 68, l~~ drtl",,,,ux r..oirs furent plus nombrs= quo lHs rouge,;

d~r.s le.';" ~ortèges os jcunes ""~nifostcrlts, ct les elognns é'taiellt

biQz, souve"t de i:f)~ture libcrta:'ro. L'ord"v ",cral est bouscujé

al,us que l '~mm~nse ",""jori té d~J form'!.tionc pcli ti'Jues QU soui,o.-

las nC l~ ~cntcstü p'~s. Or" pa.rls d.,,;ns 1"'6 \l2.10r.s du ]'s-"bourg

cOmrr.e le Fère Poinard et 1" llbéra'cinh sexuelle sst aujourd'hui

L_.
proneü p~ ~~s
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~celcsi~Atlques.
.

de répond:-a, no'~:; p"rtirons d:l l'luc CQnnu al;. moins uorwu, de "'~'~"

qui rüvcl'>diquünt l'~_nElrchi<; ccmmü '-lnü doctrll'c C'-l une idér,loiüA,

t
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l'llOG ;,:te 8, ?rcucU.o"-, B,'l.kounir_", Kra po tki:w, [,~,ll"~ u; ;:a, .H6 c lu;:; ,

2.ppo.rcé d8 Ù),·,,;~_188 l.LO(\\'6i.~Ü~.

~
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 ont d=é at "L5 .!.ib2rtair2", puis "Le l,onde L;'berb,ire", fUT2nt

pou~ ncu~ Uh pr~cicux fil d'Arianc.

Avsc la JTP,,"ssa, nous (itudiD:~ons lcs thèmes do prcpa~

g':.',de &t ù"a.git"tion, tcujours lm,,,.3" cnntoa des dC:fi6, er. "'.crac~

tèras d'~.ffiche. Il y" du Gnvpoc:C.6 dc,r_s l'sm:rc;dstc.

syndicalisms sor.t, el";or,, quo trè~ r.,inor+t'~+res, vivClnts dmI9 lss

Syndicats. ~ou" ~ss~ierons d~ m~surûr l'action qu'ils exsrce~t

sur le monJe cuvrisr actuel.

A côté das nrgenis,.ltioll~ nnarch:i.$te$ cu syndi cali<:t"u,

sn m'lrgs, pnurr'lit~on dire, da l'idéol"'gi~, S6 situent lss i"di~

vidualictcs dc~t l'infladnc~ h~n dcgm~tique cst pGut_être lu pluG

ccnsidérable C,ur le mcnde trlOdepn6, Lecpin, lu Saint~Vincdnt ·10

Pl'.ul de l'a.>:tarchie, Ar'ŒLnii, l~ pèr~ spirituel des provos Bi; des

hiPJTi~s, pour r.e JT.:uler que dec pl"s ccn:iu:"

Enfj.n vf,cnn"::it CêLiX qui, pluE lcin snccra du l'Idée,

pE'.rticip6nt pcu~t~nt du co\:-~·,'-'>:tt lilJa.r't'l:lre, écrivaj.ns, al'tistes,

poèt~c, ",]mntours, ch=sOlmiers, dont l '9.rt, pa.r nA.turê, ;mt

C0nt~st,ü2ira. Los uns sont ou f'nrer,t ('ilI,r"histes "<ilitEmts,

lliD autros ne le fure,.,t j3l"cai5, mais -tous exaltent unO hu""uoit0

libertairs, p,9.~ifi'lue. 11 ba3e d'ElIocnr et de r",voltc. L<ou~s Vi)rC

l",
ou leurs (lir6 n'ont P"-~ b~coin Tlu tru~L2r..GI,t dtlcuet et linTiué

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 l'lins C;'-'~ SOL" 90"r les ~[l[;es 1'[ r"ù-io, Ll t~l~vision[ le cin?[,,,_

C[e8t l'aotion conjug~ée de tous oeG f~cteuro qui

Cc ,t.'-on cc[ "",i 68. La surprise des obHervC\teurs politiques ~erB,

,
", ~ll rce:c,rd cl', l [actc',or. deR groupuscules révolution;l""'-"es, co[[[pa~
,,
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ral<le il GellG de ces r;.'1rir.s dent le nF.t8au s [over.tre sur dus

corau~ Jü,'r GnSor'X ~nccnnus et q,-,e des f1nilIl'1.1c;;les lIliJ-rin" OCl.t

oor.G';ruit~ ltc,pereepti1[lelIlGnt jusqu[à les :e,'iO:u orr.erger d~s o~é'[Cl."

 - 9 -

pal't'll'~'Ü~lit le CloLOveme"t révcluti,onuü:C8 en ma;oge des gran:;s

partis pü:'-i tiçl.Cs~ "-e gaur,hu : 1"idéologj.8 trotskysto et l"idéo-

Après la prsmière gtl8""e, l~.s ,marchistes avaient jl),,",

un rôls imr'C2"t=t r,,,,rtcut grticc il lelF"s ",ilit'Ulto sy:F.L1.cali;;t8s.

Jln 'c'"aiLn,t é~6 lçD éléc:ents' déci.s.:'fs Ù'" l"éclatement syndiC31 1

mai", 168 ~_ar"c:1" qu"ils Ud'rec'lt du fe" le f'urent au profit iVE

cüm"m_'li~~e;:;l cl'''-Îtres de la C.G.T.U •• 110 G1éparpilLèrcnt alorB

dans uns 1I!11lti-l-lde de gr"~pe"l cr.acuc, de "e'"~~Gi ayant 80" t:nèLC

particuliB"" Le c"urrmt aC1.ar v Liste orga.TIsé se ;;artageant inéga-

lemel.'; slül'e l" Yédér""ion Am:œcbir,te de lar,g'-le frençais8 et

l"Union "-,,,,cc!üote lpi éditaLt "10 Libertaire u •

Il:e le p:cintemps s:iT.G.ic"l de 1936 1 ni la E"errG d1Esp"-_

gne, deux év~neE·,eLt" c[;pi te.UX1 deux Qc~asiüns exce:o ~i"nne Lles

gr ül)·llemeD t p<tr"-lysé p sr l"'-lèdi v,-d""li sme e t "r.~ J.v~ j'si on -prof" nde

.......-----..........- - - - - - - - - -...
ticr."aires, les "'l,,-:;:-r:histu" ilLimaior,t un Front Eévelutiünnair",

plUe reflet du Frnnt Pop"le.ire. l,cur~ ",ilio''-'"-ts, rÂt:nts dil'lS lc"

greupAS d 'cpp ,si tior. "lutte de clrrsGes", r, 'e"-r';:lt q;~ 'une infl,,_

e"-ce limitée.

c'est dari" le registr~ humBnitaire que q,.œlquer. indi-

vidualités réuu~ireLt le mieux à soul~ver 'le ;)Ui~sar.tes vague"

d'"g.i-tation lC1-'8 deG eam:;HJ.gLes GTI- f'"veur des :ona"c}üst",; ",Art··

cains Sa;:;co st Vanzetti at dUG ,,narchrr,tes ,,-sp"l!!rcls AscC'so,

Durruti st Oliver.

E'l 1933, lus eam:;J"gnes pa.cif'ist~c: e':: noçam:"eLt l'é1i··

tio" d'1- tr'~eo "Paix immédi"te" dC'-'fl-ient t"i:>::o s"Ur lss ~igu~"r,

de le. le:! à ,,1uGieurs milita-"lt". C'sux_=i c:roupirent pJncürnt la

gUürr~ ds'ls des fcrtco",ess.~s corr.mu ,\or"t,,-,,,, 0'-' ddS crnDps CCIY,::,;;

parf,-,is mêmG longtuc-;;s aprè",

Le jDë.I"ml dispo.r'-'. SEUW st~r,turüs ~Dlièes. le"

anil.rc:l-.istes ns F"urrcnt p{tJ:'tici,oer GOuS un~ torC'e 01-Tan~séü ;r

le. Ré~.Lstanc", s"uf PBu.t-::·tr~ quel~,-,es L{tg,lis ,le eémitisC:D(,

,,;:;-:oagnols d'rn~ le 'O'-'"--QuüGt et le C,mtal.

~'est ',T~;.do'~su e'l 1943 cpe "ere'lt ietéu~ lC'G b.9."C's

d,-, 1;1- "'eccnGtii:·~tion è'l>œ ,-,Le pcLgnéc' ne ",i:lita."lt" vsr",-,~ po:.:r 1,'
 -n

f;l'èrC'G lnisar:t, Velib,e, At''''''} et q,,,e mdt;:-a le bulletin 'i.ntérieur

"M. lien".

A P"r~G, lus .~,il=-t'-,nt8 cl,o..."'lC:e(,tins su réc",iss",-isnt &

la DO'-lr€e d,; 1'r"vaiL ,,!HUOs trGVlO"'X aboutireYJt, lu 21 décembre

1944, " 1:> pur'-ltion du "l·iaert"~re", nO'-l'lül18 ",cuture de l'an-

cien t i tre fondé en 1895 par LouisG :Jich61 nt S6bastic" Faure.

1.1 S'J p:rocL::n.ai t

clem:: cou:rs.nts libürtairüB q"" exist"~6:"t av,,,,t lB. guerre, la

Féélér~.ticr_ Ana,rchicte 0t l'Union AnarCCliste n. L 'cidi torial~8te

coltcluait : ":é':rr_", ur_ü ;:::mbia.n"-6 fn>tex'nellc, Crâcs è. ~e. ctrw-i.t"rw

et au dévouerne."t ~ç chaculi, nous tr~vaillerons toua pour une

",Omo ca'-lsü".

C'eut lu 9 ')ctcbr-o- Î94?, dans une sallG vouéa aux me,,··

vuruünta rln~ ric'"e.3 d'e'Jfz:ir qu~ iJ'~ffectifs. le, So"il,; des S~-

étilli'r.t R.ffr~"j.cies., li;;) cc,'ilit"nte pacifiste" "t ,(n<iivid,,~.lis~e3{

j-onttl~s à tmlU, Gütlt;:;,[ti"tü ou diaciFlin=l ut q",-- 1'8 v~y,:tie"t

danc lé', F'4:dér,üion ~,ü.'un liu" du ;l'81'Contre 1 l~s mili tantR ~ll­

=iars 'Wi ef<p"l"e,i,,,t cru'or iü fur de la-YJc8 dl;. müv.1'ümünt ct:vricr

.. 7
1

l'état dIU~pJ"it des ",ilitallts, tle 88 r"f'~5èr8nt t régl",r le

ple. Or. sQ mit d'accord m,r ë.Le motion d·" "synthèst,,,. La Pédé~

rat~ün Anarchiute était né~.

préQonté~s l's.r t:;:cis jnurn&L(X , "Cu 1'-"11 fa~t dir"", de Lc',.,vel

tairu", :>rgarc6 d'J la nr.llvalle F';;dwl'ati'l-'l Annrclü3te.

L;~ FédAl'at~r,n v<.:. 8e dh6~Cpr8r ;.llors jusqu'"'' 1950 Ot

de-,eEU hebdcrr,ad,rcre, ti.ru if J?OOC' '}xGmpl'lircs) dent 2.000 "ber

,i

des er"nds dcctrin&iru'J au dco "erscrJ_"iO'J" célèbrun de l'ArJ,T'""]

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SOU'-Glit, 6n effet, 10 VZel'Jur lU ,rrilit:r.t ",,-na;cchisto" Gst ::'~_

lion.lole, l'lui;) fi~r d" E;E)rE ~i.nEulari~".". Il Gst accepté dG tO"8

COrnille ,;lé;;-.eE~ d8 fEElklore. C'est "l'an2r". li frÉ'luüEt<' 1,,- Li'~r'~-

.P~n3éG, la l.igue dus Droits d~ l'RctTI'"'" 1'.' L.I.C.A., l'unicn 10-

sur l"s grands l'riLCip~sÈ Sur J.Q pl"n loc~l, il "nt "lus ",cv.l".",

s~ compl;J-ig~nt dang les thèmes "de lPuche" q'-'~ créunt p.v~c 0'001-

quo d'UE symp"tlliséCnt ~3JüZ ineft'ieR.ce.

lents miEis de c0llr~e d'-'rÉc. ::"~.ssi'~:.l,-,;;io, ,i" ce,~ néo_o.na;cchietos

un G~c.ité du F.r&~S9, uns Orr:1trci\3(E.b.CL ,,-e JeuM'ss", Le vob ":~-

pcur ta"t·",. de dégager Lll'" directior. qui soit ;'a r~sult"n"ü :'-es

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clis. propoè'8 l'actic::l et la rAsponsahilite i'Idividuelles.Dour

1

l',.m'l'chi"",s llSB fortes persr;nmIliti.9.

Ba SI'''cialité j l Iiconomis 1 et /..rru, à l.!arseille 1 dW'"ai~nt l II,n

ut ll"ntra jouer un .;:-610 Ü'_port,,-IIt d.9...'ls la diffusioG d~ cu,", ;'d·

stirr.er, 1"3 i.ndividual:i,vt",,, Be reSL'sront ,nr 1,; oointe dos

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met!tent vi""G'), Lien ld'e::l" r,tn fUt j'"""',:'I; (ltm.i,lt:lltt~, cor.tl'alr"-

errent à C~ 'l'Ü ""t Forfois s~~"e:'lu, Ù"--'lG la t.~.1'. d''':',",flt 14.

lHlt, f",t '"Xp:-imbe "" C()!lgrèG :1" Lille .=n 1921 Pel,;:- Pier.:co };ss-

,-,,,,::-ù, Oleis ell~ "ve,lt liéjà "té ,1Lw c,u"C'Gquis."i3ü dar.s la =.%lUUS',

cClCtrove:r'GC' qui 0:;:;:'03" "c, '907 !.'"l"t~st,~ il }lm,,,,ttü. /..près 1"

3ci33i01' 'le 1fi C.G.T., Bes""l1'i rc::t le pre~.ier secrét'ÜTc do l:c

S.G.T.:" .. 3atcou .1'am'6a snivD.nte, i l IOr.llll la G.G."'.~.R. dont

l 'influenc~ "" cess~:ra d", 'lécro:é:t=a j uSlju ,~" 3r, et q:li ~Ltr"ra

sr, cor.flit m8",-, (l~oc l 'Un::'"" .g,no_:çcl',i"t~.

i.:orès 4'5, les ,g,L9,:t'cl'o-synticalis'tes ;;e ctêsintêrcS80-

roLt très V2.t~ de la F'éd<ér3.ti,-", w~ F1'rtc'rcnt lüe;rs effortel s,J'

l,~ cnbt~G"" de 1'l Glt:r::fG0Aration /;atiG"aJ.e de; 'rrav~il.

rar_t. Le [i]O~ cOLC'.u"i3:-,e "e d];~t pn:':r:t ici troC'9cr. Il oontie"-';,

P.ll efl'et, U:'lU 30:,;r"e 'Cu;port'.mto d'éljuivnque. r,"u:r ce:r'hü"', :'.0

",ot l"-'.-"'''o'e "-pp~t'ti-j"t ,,. voc"'-"'lla';::-e d3 l'ba~"chie" 11 f"i;

co,;=;:-,C'e"'~ "ti,lisé J'''.r 1~13 <!"ccChiGtp.c ot .=-cp-,éSCrot2.it pcu;::- eux

,er. gUülgue scrt" lu G0illerrü -lu lBu:rs t""én~'ies ~o~."ües. c"ur '.1 'au-

tI'es, ~blouis 1'= l'dT'.c,-,,,it6 ùe;:;- ttJcboiq,,6S révolut!_Olrr"8.iv""

'lui 9.V,g;'.t-:r.t è.écleE"ll~ el "c"d.u:~-{; è,cc Fcivcl·lticn r'lss,s, " citait

Cette A~'~',ivnçuG """,9 P. l'o:;:'igiE~ ch violtJLts ccnfli';L'

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 pour régl~r lez litigB", tbppeloc5 gUé! L1 F8rlr'I'A,tio j ] ,,'?t8it

certs.ins, CO';)(16 FoutAnis, dJ,rffirmer lüur voior.tù è.j~rg~"ig",tij

mnndc bD 1951, l·ore: du Congrè" de Ilcrd&e:tux

l'

re,.frl'r,èrerct ljaprp.~"eii (Jù,,-,jx;iBtratif, r.onstitu,èrBnt doc c"m'"~:

sians, :\üB ~omités, d"" ,;ej"s~rGj des régirm;. Le,. Féùé~e.ti~!1

ri,

1 et do,,-t l;:, rcrcièlo o:,ovoJutiollL.e.ire 8 'i.:l:J.Hx,,=i t cur ·1" cébelli(l!

:i

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1''''_ Grève :'ienau'i t &n 47

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~t Léllil:2, nGU~

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tien r-0url'l[' ~r,

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.,:èi iJ,,,-dj

1..,. ]O'::l~rE.~=-"i' AnéCrchü,tc Â;;,qit, a.!J", bert,Cl"~"" u;cin"

SLg'll".> et, t""t 01', '''''(pr.', 't'.ttf, des -;;osi::i~'l'lé ,,::111~c'lQni:üü;1,~'3,

9,l.lC' ref:,w'Iit c'n B~,-,tQÔr l" ~'.".lï,

l,e ""On:18 l,ilxrtcüc:-c" i'C' ,i. "éCi ';

-pour le l]rcit Ù~ ChéCC'-1r C., C'__"81'e"C~ d~ lui-"Jm~. Kn.iO ,S~:,,; ,"'3

CCitoN' l,· i':c:cr1'6 c!'A='-D':ri,', c,e,l' ''''Cl8 f'0'lS"lCA ~"e .,eA -';c:-c,"":i,~.le'H''-'

n'Œ1t '.lUCUll'? rc,iso" (tu ",ou'j,r ,,~,-,r l'irr,,,'é.:'i~.li"mC', '" :""UB ,'_

i}OD3 q,lO lus Lt:""étill'''.lrc 11 'n,lt ris,'; " g'-lgnür i:t -outte t-":1cc:-]"ù"

I.1"lis c,,,tt,, p';",iti~" "o~,tr~ .l,t guerr8 ci 'Ale;s"'i" ~_3 l'uv.'~ '''~ ,O,ue''',

Cm; ôtr~ u.r_G 'l',T,rchB.t:i",r_ ,:'u "'.L./!'. Eu ~lg-f,,·.',e, le" ho:œ,~f; 'c",

l:Lt'Ccnt je"" ."olCr l,"ur ii'J(r,'].-:::'n,'), '("-,i" ~OtOr ~~ l1l"'lnCr '18 r_c','-

·"ja:.û: 'f.-' -';2G- 8. Et l ' ': x p':'ioi &r.l ,~' r"O:1 ': " c. F"ri s '.]uü lcr"'Jl-" "-" :C'" co-

-pl~ pre",:, p"c:-t", F"c.r l 'w, ,n: ï.' '"',C' tl'6 '!cs elécr_s r,,, i, l ' 6x;;loi b ttt

'.~,"~trQ, l--;:l1évElr" •

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Habitués ù vcir lcs r~nlitas scc~ales 5 travers l~c

at,;réoty:,es de l'i.,'forr:,ation t,aÇ.itiGnne~le, les obgervsteurs

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encore de voir flùcte~ ~u~dessus ~es fou~ea les ùrap~~ux noirs

d~ ll;marchie. Il y avait si l~ngto"~s 'lue les seuls sujeots d~

llub[]6rvation pclitiquc étaient l~s 'Isscmblaes et les Tartis,

oc, il na se passait ri~n, qulon c.:'ut qu'il no se ;lassait rien

ailleurs, :en "'li encore, 'Ill se troml'a qU'md on crut vc.i!· ,'aEs

l'aGitation universit'lire une aspirfItilm des O))<:s jeunes cens

il. ur""· réforme de leurs étude", alors I]ulil s'arissait (liunG d~"

L" Eue~~c avait jeté ù ter:rA o~r,ucou:p de ta.b~us et

.dl$.berJ l'es réci",e" autcritaires de> nazisme et ùu f"scif"ne. Lit

bo~be atc~ique avait fai~ entrer le mondo dlU~ seul pa.s dans

ll;,bsurd~ .et la Lutte finall. cesssit dli'tre une ri,,,e. Lcs con~

tr~i~tes que ;':o.isait "eser "llr les i~dividus l,l slwiéti rr.cde=e

:Haient ressenties plus ]OuX'd~oICnt. t'ourt=t ur,e ,é""lv,tian si~

lencieuse dé;llace des dorpes ~n loreie de continente.ucLeu, l';:;tat,

l':-'glise, 'Jùrl,.ée, la :f'ar:·illp., lD ''lrti (;',mt cOlOtest&s. L'(\:It~~

rité est p",rteut renise ~n cause, ce:tie d'~ ,lape, celle tu ~;,ef,

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