1.

Understanding Aluminum
Alumunium is the most abundant non-ferrous element on earth which is a lightweight metal having
light properties, good corrosion resistance and good heat and heat conduction, easily formed either
through the process of formation or machining, and other good properties as metallic properties. In
nature, aluminum is a stable oxide that can not be reduced by reducing other metals. Reduction of
aluminum can only be done by electrolysis. In addition to its greatly increased mechanical strength
with the addition of Cu, Mg, Si. Mn, Zn, Ni, etc., either individually or together, also provide other
good properties such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low expansion coefficient and so on.
Aluminum alloys can be divided into two groups, namely aluminum wronglt alloy (sheet) and
aluminum costing alloy (cast rod). Aluminum (99.99%) has a specific gravity of 2.7 g / cm3, density
2,685 kg / m3, and melting point at 6600C, aluminum has a strength to weight ratio higher than
steel. The corrosion resistance of aluminum is obtained from the formation of the aluminum oxide
layer from the aluminum surface. This oxide layer is firmly attached to the surface, and stable (does
not react with the surrounding environment) to protect the inside.

Alloy elements in aluminum include:

1. Copper (Cu), raises strength and hardness, but decreases elongation (increase in length of stretch
when drawn). The most optimum Cu content in aluminum is between 4-6%.

2. Zinc or Zinc (Zn), raises the tensile value.

3. Manganese (Mn), raises strength in high temperature.

4. Magnesium (Mg), increases aluminum strength and decreases the value of its ductility. Corrosion
resistance and weldability are also good.

5. Silicon (Si), causing the aluminum alloy can be heat treated to increase the hardness.

6. Lithium (Li), added to improve its oxidation resistance properties.

2. Aluminum Micro Structure

Aluminum has a metal structure forming FCC (Face Centered Cubic

Picture of microstructure of pure Aluminum and alloy :

(Pure Aluminum) (Aluminum with Cu, Mn, Mg) (Alumunium with Cu)

(Alumunium with Si) (Alumunium with T1)

(Alumunium with Zn) ( Alumunium with Mg

3. Atoms or Elements
Pure aluminum has purity up to 99.96% and at least 99%. The impurities are in the form of Fe and Si
elements. Aluminum alloys have various content of atoms or major elements (major) and minor.
Major elements such as Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Si while minor elements such as Cr, Ca, Pb, Ag, Fe, Sn,
Zr, Ti, Sn, and others. The major alloying elements in aluminum include:

1. Copper (Cu), raises strength and hardness, but decreases elongation (increase in length of stretch
when drawn). The most optimum Cu content in aluminum is between 4-6%.

2. Zinc or Zinc (Zn), raises the tensile value.

3. Manganese (Mn), raises strength in high temperature.

4. Magnesium (Mg), increases aluminum strength and decreases the value of its ductility. Corrosion
resistance and weldability are also good.

5. Silicon (Si), causing the aluminum alloy can be heat treated to increase the hardness
4. Making way:
There are several processes that can be done to make pure aluminum and aluminum alloy, namely:

1. Aluminum Mining Process

Aluminum is mined from bauxite seeds that are found on the surface of the earth. Bauxite mined for
industrial use has an aluminum content of 40-60%. After being mined bauxite seeds are milled and
smashed smoothly and evenly. Then the process of heating to reduce the water content. Further
bauxite undergoes a refining process.

2. Aluminum Purification Process

The bauxite purification process is done by bayer method and the end result is alumina.

First of all bauxite is mixed with chemical solutions like caustic soda. The mixture is then pumped
into a press tube and then heated. The process is further screened and followed by the seeding
process to form a wet alumina deposit (hydrated alumina). Wet alumina is then washed and
continued by drying process by heating to 1200oC. The end result is alumina particles with chemical
f 3. Alumunium Smelting Process

Alumina produced from purification process still contains oxygen so that must be done next process
that is fusion. The alumina fusion is carried out by an electrolytic reduction process. This melting
process uses the Hall-Heroult method. Alumina is dissolved in a chemical solution called cryolite in a
furnace called a pot.

This pot has walls made of carbon. The outer part of the pot is made of steel. The flow of electricity
is given through anodes and cathodes. The reduction process requires carbon taken from the anode.
In this process required direct electric current of 50-150 kiloampere.
The electric current will electrolyze alumina into aluminum and oxygen reacts to form CO2
compounds. The liquid aluminum from the electrolysis proceeds down to the bottom of the pot and
is then streamed by the siphon principle to the crucible which is then transported to the holding
furnace.

The electricity needed to produce 1kg of aluminum is about 12-15 kWh. One kilogram of aluminum
is produced from 2kg of alumina and 1/2 kg of carbon. The reaction of alumina refining into
aluminum is as follows:

2Al2O3 + 3C → 4Al + 3CO2

4. Aluminum Classification

1. Pure Alumunium

Aluminum is obtained in a liquid state through an electrolysis process, which generally achieves a
purity of 99.85% by weight. However, if the process of electrolysis further, it will get aluminum with
99.99% purity is achieved material with the number ninenya four.

Corrosion resistance changes according to purity, in general for 99.0% purity or above it can be used
in resistant air for many years. Al's electricity delivery, approximately 65% of the electricity
conductivity of copper, but its density is approximately one-third of copper making it possible to
expand its cross section. Therefore, it can be used for cables and in various forms. For example as
thin sheet (foil). In this case can be used Al with 99.0% purity. For reflectors that require high
reflectivity also for electrolytic coders used by Al with the number Nine four.
 Aluminum series 1xxx compositions

Al, %
Designation Si,% Fe,% Cu,% Mn,% Mg,% Zn,% Ti,% Others,%
min

1050 0,25 0,4 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,03 0,03 99,5

1060 0,25 0,35 0,05 0,03 0,03 0,05 0,03 0,03 99,6

0.05-
1100 0.95 Si + Fe 0,05 - 0,1 - 0,15 99
0.2

1145 0.55 Si + Fe 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,03 0,03 99,45

1200 1.00 Si + Fe 0,05 0,05 - 0,1 0,05 0,15 99

1230 0.70 Si + Fe 0,1 0,05 0,05 0,1 0,03 0,03 99,3

1350 0,1 0,4 0,05 0,01 - 0,05 - 0,11 99,5

2. Aluminum alloy

Aluminum alloys are grouped in various standards by various countries in the world. However, the
most famous and perfect classification is the American Aluminum Association (AA) standard based
on the previous standard of Alcoa (Alumunium Company of America).

a. Aluminum copper alloy (2xxx series)

These alloys can be heat treated especially those containing (2.5-5%) Cu. From this series the famous
series 2017 known as "duralimin" contains 4% Cu, 0.5% Mg, 0.5% Mn on standard composition. This
Mg alloy is improved on the standard composition of Al, 4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg, 0.5% Mn, named the
2024 alloy called Duralumin Super. Alloys that have Cu have poor corrosion resistance, so when a
special corrosion resistance is required the surface is coated with a pure Al or a corrosion resistant Al
alloy called an alkad plate. These alloys are widely used for tools that work at high temperatures eg
in the piston and cylinder head combustion motors.
Aluminium series 2xxx compositions

Designation Si,% Cu,% Mn,% Mg,% Ni,% Ti,% Others,%

Pb=0.4,
2011 0.4 max 5.0-6.0 - - - -
Bi=0.4

2014 0.5-1.2 3.9-5.0 0.4-1.2 0.2-0.8 - 0.15 max -

2017 0.2-0.8 3.5-4.5 0.4-1.0 0.4-0.8 - 0.15 max -

2018 0.9 max 3.5-4.5 - 0.4-0.9 1.7-2.3 - -

2024 0. 5 max 3.8-4.9 0.3-0.9 1.2-1.8 - 0.15 max -

2025 0.5-1.2 3.9-5.0 0.4-1.2 - - 0.15 max -

2036 0. 5 max 2.2-3.0 0.1-0.4 0.3-0.6 - 0.15 max -

2117 0. 8 max 2.2-3.0 0.2-0.5 - - - -

2124 0. 2 max 3.8-4.9 0.3-0.9 1.2-1.8 - 0.15 max -

2218 0. 9 max 3.5-4.5 - 1.2-1.8 1.7-2.3 - -

V=0.1,
2219 0. 2 max 5.6-6.8 0.2-0.4 - - 0.02-0.1
Zr=0.18

V=0.1,
2319 0. 2 max 5.6-6.8 0.2-0.4 - - 0.1-0.2
Zr=0.18

b. Aluminum magnese alloy (3xxx series)

Mn is an element that strengthens Al without reducing corrosion resistance and is used to make
corrosion resistant alloys. In the phase diagram, Al-Mn is in equilibrium with a solid solution Al is
Al6Mn (25.3%). Actually the Al-1,2% Mn and Al-1,2% Mn-1.0% Mg alloys are named alloys 3003 and
3004 which are used as alloys without heat treatment. The alloys in this series can not be hardened
by heat treatment. The 3003 series with 1.2% Mn is easily formed, corrosion resistant, and
(weldability) is good. Widely used for pipes and oil tanks.

Aluminium series 3xxx compositions

Designation Cu,% Mn,% Mg,%

3003 0.05-0.20 1.0-1.5 -

3004 0.25 max 1.0-1.5 0.8-1.3

3005 0.30 max 1.0-1.5 0.2-0.6

3105 0.30 max 0.3-0.8 0.2-0.8

c. Aluminum silicone alloy (4xxx series)

Al-Si Alloys are very well aquatic, which have excellent surfaces, no hot grinding, and are excellent
for cast alloys. In addition, this alloy has good corrosion resistance, is very light, very small expansion
coefficient, and as a good conductor of heat and electricity. Because it has good advantages, this
alloy is very widely used. But in this case the modification is not necessary. The properties of the
silumin are greatly improved by heat treatment and slightly improved by alloying elements.
Commonly alloyed with 0.15-0.4% Mn and 0.5% Mg. The soluble and diluent treated mixture is
called gamma silumin and is simply called a beta silumin. Alloys that require heat treatment plus Mg
also Cu and Ni to provide hardness during heat, this material is commonly used for piston motor.

The very low thermal expansion coefficients of Si make the thermal coefficients of the alloys also low
when more Si is added. Al-Si hypereutectic alloys have been developed to 29% Si to soften the Si
primary grains. The smoothing process will be more effective with the addition of P by Cu-P alloy or
addition of phosphor chloride (PCl5) to achieve the presentation of 0.001% P, achievable primary
refinement and homogenization. Al-Si alloys are widely used as welding electrodes that mainly
contain 5% Si.

The alloy is non heat treatable. The 4032 series alloy containing 12.5% Si is easy to forge and has a
very low heat expansion coefficient used for the forged pistons.

Aluminium series 4xxx compositions

Designation Si,% Cu,% Mg,% Ni,% Be,%

4032 11.0-13.5 0.5-1.3 0.8-1.3 0.5-1.3 -

4043 4.5-6.0 0.30 max 0.05 max - 0,0008

4045 9.0-11.0 0.30 max 0.05 max - -

4145 9.3-10.7 3.3-4.7 0.15 max - 0,0008

4343 6.8-8.2 0.25 max - - -

4643 3.6-4.6 0.10 max 0.1-0.3 - 0,0008

d. Aluminum magnesium alloy (5xxx series)

In a single phase Al-Mg binary alloy present in equilibrium with an Al solid solution is a solid solution
which is an intermediate compound of Al3Mg2 metal. The unit cell is a hexagonal arrangement (eph)
but there is also a ccc face unit cell (fcc) complex. The eutetic point is 450ºC, 35% Mg and the solid
solubility limit at the eutectic temperature is 17.4% which decreases at the regular temperature to
about 1.9% Mg, so the aging ability can be expected.

Al-Mg alloys have excellent corrosion resistance called hydrinalium. Alloys with 2-3% Mg can be
easily forged, extruded and extruded. Al-Mg Alloys are generally non-heat tretable. Series 5052 with
2.5% Mg is widely used for oil mixture and aircraft fuel. The 5052 series is commonly used as forged
material. The 5056 alloy is the strongest alloy after hardening by strain hardening when subjected to
high hardness. The annealed 5083 alloy is a strong and welded (4.5% Mg) strong intermediate (4.5%
Mg) mixture so widely used as an ingredient for LNG tanks. Series 5005 with 0.8% Mg is widely used
as an extrusion profile rod. Series 5050 with 1.2% Mg is used as oil and gas pipeline in vehicles.

komposisi Aluminium seri 5xxx

Designation Mn,% Mg,% Cr,% Ti,% Others,%

5005 0.2 max 0.5-1.1 0.1 max - -

5050 0.1 max 1.1-1.8 0.1 max - -

5052 0.1 max 2.2-2.8 0.15-0.35 - -

5056 0.05-0.2 4.5-5.6 0.05-0.20 - -

5083 0.4-1.0 4.0-4.9 0.05-0.25 0.15 max -

5086 0.2-0.7 3.5-4.5 0.05-0.25 0.15 max -

5154 0.1 max 3.1-3.9 0.15-0.35 0.20 max -

5183 0.5-1.0 4.3-5.2 0.05-0.25 0.15 max Be=0.0008

5252 0.1 max 2.2-2.8 - V=0.05 -

5254 0.01 max 3.1-3.9 0.15-0.35 0.05 max -

5356 0.05-0.2 4.5-5.5 0.05-0.20 0.06-0.20 Be=0.0008

5454 0.5-1.0 2.4-3.0 0.05-0.20 0.20 max -

5456 0.5-1.0 4.7-5.5 0.05-0.20 0.20 max -

5457 0.15-0.45 0.8-1.2 - - V=0.05

5554 0.5-1.0 2.4-3.0 0.05-0.20 0.05-0.20 Be=0.0008

5556 0.5-1.0 4.7-5.5 0.05-0.20 0.05-0.20 Be=0.0008

5652 0.01 max 2.2-2.8 0.15-0.35 - -

5654 0.01 max 3.1-3.9 0.15-0.35 0.05-0.15 Be=0.0008

5657 0.03 max 0.6-1.0 - - Ga=0.03

e. Aluminum magnesium silicone alloy (6xxx series)

The addition of a small amount of Mg to Al will cause aging hardening very rarely, but if it
simultaneously contains Si, it can be hardened by heat aging after the dissolution treatment. This is
because the M2Si compound behaves as a pure component and makes the balance of a pseudo-
binary system with Al. The alloys in this system have less strength than the other alloys used as
forged materials, but are very tough, excellent for forming, extrusion and in addition can be
strengthened by heat treatment after workmanship. The 6063 alloy is widely used as a construction
framework. Because the alloy has a good enough power without reducing the conductivity of
electricity it is used for power cables. In this case mixing with Cu, Fe, and Mn should be avoided as
they cause high electrical resistance. Magnesium and Silicon form the Mg2Si (Magnesium Silicide)
compound which gives high strength to this alloy after heat treatment process. Series 6053, 6061,
6063 has excellent corrosion-resistant properties than other heat treatable aluminum. The use of
6xxx aluminum series is widely used for piston motors and cylinder head motor del.

komposisi Aluminium seri 6xxx

Designation Si,% Cu,% Mn,% Mg,% Cr,% Others,%

6003 0.35-1.0 0.10 max. 0.8 max. 0.8-1.5 0.35 max. -

6005 0.6-0.9 0.10 max. 0.10 max. 0.4-0.6 0.10 max. -

6053 * 0.10 max. - 1.1-1.4 0.15-0.35 -

6061 0.4-0.8 0.15-0.40 0.15 max. 0.8-1.2 0.04-0.35 -

6063 0.2-0.6 0.10 max. 0.10 max. 0.45-0.9 0.10 max. -

6066 0.9-1.8 0.7-1.2 0.6-1.1 0.8-1.4 0.40 max. -

6070 1.0-1.7 0.15-0.40 0.4-1.0 0.50-1.2 0.10 max. -

B 0.06%
6101 0.3-0.7 0.10 max. 0.03 max. 0.35-0.8 0.03 max.
max.

6105 0.6-1.0 0.10 max. 0.10 max. 0.45-0.8 0.10 max. -

6151 0.6-1.2 0.35 max. 0.20 max. 0.45-0.8 0.15-0.35 -

6162 0.4-0.8 0.20 max. 0.10 max. 0.7-1.1 0.10 max. -

B 0.06%
6201 0.5-0.9 0.10 max. 0.03 max. 0.6-0.9 0.03 max.
max.

Zn 1.6-
6253 * 0.10 max. - 1.0-1.5 0.04-0.35
2.4%

Pb and Bi
6262 0.4-0.8 0.15-0.40 0.15 max. 0.8-1.2 0.04-0.14 0.4-0.7%
each

6351 0.7-1.3 0.10 max. 0.4-0.8 0.4-0.8 - -

6463 0.2-0.6 0.20 max. 0.05 max. 0.4-0.9 - -

 a. Alumunium zink alloy (seri 7xxx)

Aluminium menyebabkan keseimbangan biner semu dengan senyawa antar logam MgZn2 dan
kelarutannya menurun apabila temperaturnya turun. Telah diketahui sejak lama bahwa paduan
sistem ini dapat dibuat keras sekali dengan penuaian setelah perlakuan pelarutan. Tetapi sejak lama,
tidak dipakai sebab mempunyai sifat patah getas oleh retakan korosi tegangan. Di Jepang pada
permulaan tahun 1940, Iragashi dkk mengadakan studi dan berhasil dalam pengembangan suatu
paduan dengan penambahan kira-kira 0,3%Mn atau Cr, dimana bitur Kristal padat diperhalus, dan
mengubah bentuk presipitasi serta retakan korosi tegangan tidak terjadi. Pada saat itu paduan
tersebut dinamakan ESD, Duralumin, superekstra. Selama perang dunia ke II, di Amerika Serikat
dengan maksud yang hampir sama telah dikembangkan pula suatu paduan, yaitu suatu paduan yang
terdiri dari Al-5, 5%Zn-2,5%Mn-1,5%Cu-0,3%Cr-0,2%Mn, sekarang dinamakan paduan 7075. Paduan
ini mempunyai kekuatan tertinggi diantara paduan-paduan lainnya. Penggunaan paduan ini paling
besar adalah untuk konstruksi pesawat udara. Di samping itu penggunaannya menjadi lebih penting
sebagai bahan konstruksi.

komposisi Aluminium seri 7xxx

Designation Cu,% Mn,% Mg,% Cr,% Zn,% Zr,%

7001 1.6-2.6 0.2 max. 2.6-3.4 0.18-0.35 6.8-8.0 -

7005 0.10 max. 0.2-0.7 b 1.0-1.8 0.06-0.20 4.0-5.0 0.08-0.20

7008 0.05 max. 0.05 max. 0.7-1.4 0.12-0.25 4.5-5.5 -

7039 0.10 max. 0.1-0.4 2.3-3.3 0.15-0.25 3.5-4.5 -

7049 1.2-1.9 0.20 max. 2.0-2.9 0.10-0.22 7.2-8.2 -

7050 2.0-2.6 0.10 max. 1.9-2.6 0.04 max. 5.7-6.7 0.08-0.15

7072 0.10 max. 0.10 max. 0.10 max. - 0.8-1.3 -

7075 1.2-2.0 0.30 max. 2.1-2.9 0.18-0.28 5.1-6.1 -

7108 0.05 max. 0.05 max. 0.7-1.4 - 4.5-5.5 0.12-0.25

7178 1.6-2.4 0.30 max. 2.4-3.1 0.18-0.28 6.7-7.3 -

Classification of Aluminum Polling Alloy

Standar AA Standar Alcoa terdahulu Keterangan

1001 1S Al murni 99,5% atau di atasnya

1100 2S Al murni 99,0% atau di atasnya

2010-2029 10S-29S Cu merupakan unsur paduan utama

3003-3009 3S-9S Mn merupakan unsur paduan utama

4030-4039 30S-39S Si merupakan unsur paduan utama

5050-5086 Mg merupakan unsur paduan utama

6061-6069 50S-69S Mg2Si merupakan unsur paduan utama

7070-7079 70S-79S Zn merupakan unsur paduan utama

5. Technical Properties of Aluminum

a. Mechanical Properties

Power

The strength and hardness of aluminum are not so high. However, with the integration and heat
treatment can increase the strength and hardness. Most of the aluminum material is enhanced by a
mechanism of metal strengthening called precipitation hardening. In precipitation hardening there
must be two phases, the more numbered phases are called matrices and phases that are less
precipitate. The reinforcing mechanism includes three stages: solid solution treatment: heating to
the top of the solvus line to obtain a homogeneous solid phase solution, quenching: cooled rapidly
to maintain the homogeny solid phase microstructure in order to avoid diffusion, and aging: heated
to less temperature high order for the occurrence of alpha phase diffusion at a precipitate forming
distance. In addition, there are several ways of standardized hardness testing used to test metal
hardness, among others, testing Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Shore, and Meyer.

Modulus of Elasticity

Aluminum has a lower elastic modulus when compared to steel or iron, but in terms of strength to
weight ratio, aluminum is better. Elastic aluminum has a lower melting point and density. Under
diluted conditions can be processed in various ways. This allows the aluminum products to be
formed essentially close to the end of the product design.

Ductility (ductility)

The higher the purity of aluminum the higher the level of toughness.

Fatigue (Fatigue)

The aluminum material does not indicate the limit of fatigue, because aluminum will fail when
pressed.

Recyclability (power for recycling)

Aluminum is 100% recycled material without downgrading of quality. Returning from aluminum,
smelting requires less energy, only about 5% of the energy required to produce the primary metal
initially required in the recycling process.

Reflectivity

Aluminum is a visible reflector of light as well as heat, and that together with low weight, makes it
ideal for reflector materials such as light furniture.

Kemurnian Al (%)

99,996 >99,0
Sifat-sifat

Dianil 75% dirol dingin Dianil H18

Kekuatan tarik
4,9 11,6 9,3 16,9
(kg/mm2)

Kekuatan mulur
1,3 11,0 3,5 14,8
(0,2%)(kg/mm2)

Perpanjangan (%) 48,8 5,5 35 5

Kekerasan Brinell 17 27 23 44
 Tensile strength Antara 230 sampai 570 MPa

Modulus young Antara 69 sampai 79 GPa

Yield strength Antara 215 sampai 505MPa

Ultimate strength 455 mPa

Regangan 10-25%

Shear strength 30 mPa

Comparison of tensile test of steel and aluminium

b. Physical Properties

Kemurnian Al (%)
Sifat-sifat
99,996 >99,0

Massa jenis (20oC) 2,6989 2,71

Titik cair (0C) 660,2 653-657

Panas jenis (cal/g.oC)(100oC) 0,2226 0,2297

Hantaran listrik koefisien

64,94 59 (dianil)
temperatur(/oC)

Koefisien pemuaian (20-100oC) 23,86×10-6 23,5×10-6

Jenis kristal, konstanta kisi fcc, a=4,013 kX fcc, a=4,04 kX

6. Standardization and Encoding of Aluminum
ALLOY ASTM DIN INTER ISO JIS

USA Germany Intl. Japan

1050A (1050) Al99,5 1050A Al99,5 (A1050)

1200 Al99 1200 Al99,0 A1200

2007 AlCuMgPb 2007 (Al Cu4PbMg)

2011 2011 AlCuBiPb 2011 Al Cu6BiPb A2011

2014 2014 AlCuSiMn 2014 Al Cu4SiMg A2014

2014A (AlCuSiMn) 2014A Al Cu4SiMg(A)

2017A (2017) AlCuMg1 2017A Al Cu4MgSi(A) (A2017)

2024 2024 AlCuMg2 2024 Al Cu4Mg1 A2024

2030 (AlCuMgPb) 2030 Al Cu4PbMg

3003 3003 AlMnCu 3003 Al Mn1Cu A3003

3004 Al Mn1Mg1 Al Mn1Mg1

3005 Al Mn1Mg0,5 Al Mn1Mg0,5

3103 AlMn1 3103 Al Mn1

3105 Al Mn0,5Mg0,5 Al Mn0,5Mg0,5

5005 5005 (AlMg1) 5005 Al Mg1(B) A5005

5005A AlMg1 5005A

5049 Al Mg2Mn0,8 Al Mg2Mn0,8

5052 5052 AlMg2,5 5052 Al Mg2,5 A5052

5083 5083 AlMg4,5Mn 5083 Al Mg4,5Mn0,7 A5083

5086 5086 AlMg4Mn 5086 Al Mg4 A5086

5154A 5154A Al Mg3,5(A) (A5154)

5182 Al Mg5Mn Al Mg4,5Mn0,4

5251 AlMg2Mn0,3 5251 Al Mg2

5454 5454 AlMg2,7Mn 5454 Al Mg3Mn A5454

5754 AlMg3 5754 Al Mg3

6005A AlMgSi0,7 6005A Al SiMg(A) (A6NO1)

 6016

6060 (6063) AlMgSi0,5 6060 Al MgSi (A6063)

6061 6061 AlMg1SiCu 6061 Al Mg1SiCu A6061

6063 6063 (AlMgSi0,5) 6063 Al Mg0,7Si A6063

6082 AlMgSi1 6082 Al Si1MgMn

6106 Al MgSiMn

7010 7010 Al Zn6MgCu

7020 (7005) AlZn4,5Mg1 7020 Al Zn4,5Mg1 (A7N01)

7075 7075 AlZnMgCu1,5 7075 Al Zn5,5MgCu A7075

How to read international standards

Aluminum encoding with 4 numbers:

 First number = shows series of alloys

 The second digit indicates modification of a pure alloy or impurity boundary.
 The number 0 indicates a pure alloy
 Figures 1 through 9 show the modification of decimal, the minimum percentage of Al.
 The last two numbers = equal to two numbers to the right of the decimal, the minimum
percentage of Al.