INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

at
RELIANCE INFRASTRUCTURE
EPC Division, Noida
on
Project: “Design Of Feed Water
Control System” in Thermal Power
Plant
Familiarization with Typical Thermal
Power Plant
 Feed Water & Steam Flow Diagram
 Control & Instrumentation System in power
plant
1.Furnace Safeguard and Supervisory System(FSSS).
2.Automatic Turbine Run-up System(ATRS).
3.Turbine Digital Electric Hydraulic control system(DEH) .
4.Distributed Control System(DCS).
a) Acquisition & Processing of process data.
b) Open loop and closed control.
c) Calculation and optimization of the plant performance.
d) Monitoring, signaling, operation and visualization of the process.
 Feed Water Control

Feed Water
Drum Level
Control

Single Element Two Element Three Element Enhance Three DP Across Feed
Drum Level Drum Level Drum Level Element Drum Regulating Valve
Control Control Control Level Control Control
 TYPICAL AUTO CONTROL LOOP
Transmitters

4-20 mA

I/P Processing Module &

selection scheme

+ -
Set Point
Comparator Feed back
Station
Indicator
O O
Controller
.
4-20 mA
OOO
A/M Station
I/P Converter

F.B. Unit
Control Valve

Typical Loop Schematic

 Control strategy for feed water flow

Single element control Two element control Three element control

The parameters used in the control system, which are measured, are: -
a) Drum Level
b) Drum Pressure
c) Steam Flow
d) Feed Water Flow

Instruments required for measurement are: -

1. Electronic Transmitter for measuring :-
i. DP across flow nozzle for feed water flow
ii. DP across flow nozzle for steam flow
iii. DP for Drum Level

2. Temperature elements (Thermocouples) for

i. Feed Water Temperature
ii. Steam Temperature
3. Flow Nozzle for
i. FW Flow
ii. Steam Flow
 INPUT AND OUTPUT SIGNALS
The inputs for the feed water control system are: -
• Feed water flow signal from DP Transmitter (4-20mA) - 1 no.
• Steam flow signal from DP Transmitter (4-20mA) - 1 no.
• Drum level signal from DP transmitters (4-20mA) - 1 no.
• Drum pressure signal from pressure transmitter (4-20mA) -1 no.
• Feed water temperature signal from thermocouple - 1 no.
• Steam temperature signal (4-20mA) - 1 no.
• Steam pressure signal (4-20mA) - 1 no.

The outputs of the Feed Water Control System are: -

• 4-20 mA output electrical signals for controlling the speed of BFP - 1no.
• 4-20 mA output (Single Element Controller ) for Low Load Feed Control
Valve – 1 no.
HARDWARE REQUIRED FOR FEED WATER CONTROL SYSTEM :-

• Controller for implementing the controls-1 no.

• 4-20mA input cards for 6 signals
• Thermocouple input cards for 2 signals
• 4-20mA output cards for 2 signals.

Typical Architecture Of Control Strategy

Feed Water and Steam Flow Control
Elements
 CONCLUSION
Feed water level in boiler drum is controlled by single
element control for low loads (< 30%) and by three element
control for high loads (>30%). The change over of control
regimes from single element control to three element
control is carried out automatically whenever the load
(Steam Flow) exceeds 30% of Maximum Continuous Rating
(MCR) and vice versa.

For the control process we use process variables

measuring instruments (e.g. flow nozzle, thermocouple, DP
transmitters), I/P card(s), process controllers, Human
Machine Interface (HMI), O/P card(s) and requisite
instruments.