FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN

BUSINESS RESEARCH
METHODS

-Food consumption pattern of

college students

Group members
Anaita Daruwala (83)
Shreya Gupta (90)
Purvi Tulsani (133)

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INTRODUCTION
Food consumption pattern fundamentally reflects nutritional wellbeing of individuals and the
meal pattern is defined by the culture and food availability.
The nutrition transition has brought about rapid changes in the structure of the Indian diet.
The replacement of traditional home-cooked meals with ready-to-eat, processed foods has
contributed to an increased risk of chronic diseases in urban Indians. Improving the nutrition
of Indians by promoting healthy food consumption in early life and in adolescence would
help to reduce these health risks. As students migrate to different cities, they face issues in
getting homemade nutritious food. However, little is known about the quality and quantity of
foods and beverages consumed by urban Indian adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study
was to describe the food consumption patterns in college going students.
Majority of undergraduate students eat at college dining facilities with limited healthy food
options. Moreover, if students do not attain adequate nutrition daily, a decrease in academic
or physical performance can result.
Individuals entering college are beginning to live independently. Students’ physical activity
and eating habits usually shape or change during these years. Establishing good eating habits
during this time is critical, because these behaviours often continue through adulthood and
can be very difficult to change once they are established. Despite the strong emphasis on
meeting nutritional requirements every day to achieve optimal health, many college students
tend to care less about or neglect their nutritional requirements. Many factors come in to play
as they transition to college life. Many of them leave the parental home, adapt to social and
environmental changes, acknowledge new financial responsibilities, build different social
networks, and experience different time availability. Yet, meeting nutritional requirements
remains important in achieving one’s health. It is very beneficial for college students to
formulize good eating habits that lead them to obtaining health and optimal function.

ABSTRACT
Inadequate nutrition affects students’ health and academic success. Students may have
proficient knowledge regarding nutritional requirements; however, the transition to college
life gives them more freedom to choose the type and the amount of food they eat. Most
college campuses have dining facilities that provide a variety of food options, which can lead
to establishing either good or bad eating behaviours. Keywords of this research paper is
Nutritional requirements, College students’ health, Eating habits, College students’
knowledge of food.

LITERATURE REVIEW
AUGUST, 2014
Article 1: Study of the consumption pattern of junk food among university
students by Sivapriya Saraswathy. (Global Journal of Engineering Science and
Research Management)

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This research paper evaluates the preference, prevalence and pattern of junk food
consumption among university students. Consumption of junk food is becoming more
popular in developing countries. When the young enter university life, they take more control
of their lifestyle, in particular food choices and practices, especially if they are away from
home. The food consumption patterns and associated nutritional risks specific to university
students is a key concern. Whilst there is evidence that food intake patterns are established
before adolescence, they may also change substantially during adolescence and these
modified food patterns, if unhealthy, are likely to influence health and disease risk in later
life. It is shown that the health outcomes of adults appear to be more strongly associated with
adolescent risk factors than those found in childhood.

By means of convenience sampling technique, a premiere college affiliated to the University

of Madras was approached to collect data. Data were collected on Demographic profile,
Dietary intake, awareness and knowledge about junk foods by using 3 day 24-hour dietary
recall, a food frequency questionnaire and a checklist.
Consumption of Junk food was found among cent percent study population. Nutrition
education programmer was significant at 5 % level. Educational campaigns on healthy
lifestyles among young people are advocated. Results predicted that majority of the
participants do not exercise and Only 24 % of the subjects had the habit of exercising for
about 30 minutes in the form of walking.

Consumption of fast food is fetching more popularity among adolescents in developing

countries. Junk foods are accountable for obesity epidemics among the younger cohorts. The
prevalence of fast food consumption among university students was 99 %. The important
factors for the preference of fast food include good taste, variety, convenience, and peer
pressure. It is also heart-breaking to find that 97 % of these adolescents skip breakfast due to
lack of time, lack of interest, lack of parental care and dieting. Eating breakfast can improve
concentration, better performance, achievement scores and may also help students maintain a
healthy weight. Special nutrition education programs, dietary guidelines and effective
awareness campaigns could be instituted in institutions of higher learning to tackle the
unhealthy lifestyle of university students and improve their health while highlighting the
harmful effects of excessive consumption of junk food.

OCTOBER,2015
Article 2: Fast food consumption by children by Jagadish C Das (Associate
Professor, Department of Neonatology, Chittagong Medical College).
Fast food refers to food that can be served ready to eat fast. Fast food and junk food are often
used interchangeably. Energy dense food with high sugar/fat/salt content and low nutrient
value in terms of protein, fibre, vitamin and mineral content is termed junk food. Many of
our children are fond of such readymade food. Nuclear families, working mother,
socioeconomic status, close proximity of fast food shop, food test and quick service in the
shop are important contributing factors of fast food consumption. Implementation of laws for
regulation of marketing and selling of fast food may be another step-in controlling
consumption of such food by our children.
Food is essential for growth and development of a child. A child cannot live without food.
‘Good food means the right kind of food for good health; it is nutritious. It contains natural

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substances that body needs to grow properly and stay healthy. We must choose the right food
in daily diet for good health of our child. Socioeconomic conditions and cultural norms of our
community have been changing. Food habits of our children are also changing facing such
changes. Many of children are fond of readymade outside food. Some guardians are even
reluctant in changing food habits of their children. They admit readymade outside food for
their babies even willingly. ‘Food that can be served ready to eat fast’ refers to fast food.
Factors Related to Fast Food Consumption
Fast foods are taking popularity by nuclear families because working parents have less time
for meal preparation by themselves. Majority of working parents with school going children
are in stress. Children spend most of the time away from home by attending tuition classes
after school hours. Children take breakfast at home and fast food in school or outside school.
A positive correlation of increased fast food consumption and increased body mass index was
found among adolescents. Socio economic status is an important factor related to fast food
consumption. Children from high socio-economic status prefer fast foods to traditional foods
despite their better nutritional knowledge. It has been seen that children who are overweight
are significantly more likely to recognize fast food restaurant logos than other food logos.
Again, families' socio-demographic characteristics play a role in children's recognition of
food logos.

Fast Foods and School

Scenario of food presentation in school areas differ from region to region. Junk foods are
widely available by the sides of schools of country like ours. Cafeterias at the schools are
reluctant with balanced nutritious diet; rather interested to offer cold drinks, chips and many
other foods of low nutritional value. Junk foods in school cafeteria often compete with
nutritious homemade school tiffin. Banding of junk foods in school cafeteria is a rare
occurrence in this region. Mid-day meal program is not introduced in private schools of our
country but this program has been introduced specially in government schools of many
countries. Healthy foods are offered to children through this program.

College students and food

College students will no more be able to tuck into their favourite snacks like samosa, kachori,
pizza, noodles on campus as the All India Education Council for Technical education has
instructed to regulate canteens from selling unhealthy food inside college campus. In a
circular issued earlier this month, instructions were given to promote healthy lifestyle among
students.
Fast food consumption is definitely harmful to child health. Children who eat fast food have
higher intake of energy, fat, saturated fat, sodium, carbonated soft drink, and lower intake of
vitamins A and C, milk, fruits and vegetables than those who do not take fast food (P<001).
Diet with high sugar, salt, saturated fat and calorie is responsible for disabilities like obesity,
hypertension, dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance . There is positive correlation
(p=<0.001) between frequency of consumption of fast food and body mass index.

5th OCTOBER, 2018

Article 3: Dietary patterns of university students in the UK: A cross-sectional

case study by biomed central nutrition journal.

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This research paper represents a key transition into adulthood for many adolescents but there
are associated concerns about health and behaviours. One important aspect relates to diet and
there is emerging evidence that university students may consume poor quality diets, with
potential implications for body weight and long-term health. This research aimed to
characterise dietary patterns of university students in the UK and their sociodemographic and
lifestyle antecedents.

An online, cross-sectional survey was undertaken with a convenience sample of 1448

university students from five UK universities. The survey comprised a validated food
frequency questionnaire alongside lifestyle and sociodemographic questions. Dietary patterns
were generated from food frequency intake data using principal components analysis.
Nutrient intakes were estimated to characterise the nutrient profile of each dietary pattern.
Associations with sociodemographic variables were assessed through general linear
modelling.

Dietary analyses revealed four major dietary patterns: ‘vegetarian’; ‘snacking’; ‘health-
conscious’; and ‘convenience, red meat & alcohol’. The ‘health-conscious’ pattern had the
most favourable micronutrient profile. Students’ gender, age, year of study, geographical
location and cooking ability were associated with differences in pattern behaviour. Female
students favoured the ‘vegetarian’ pattern, whilst male students preferred the ‘convenience,
red meat & alcohol’ pattern. Less healthful dietary patterns were positively associated with
lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, low physical activity and take-away consumption.

Food intake varied amongst university students. A substantial proportion of students followed
health-promoting diets, which had good nutrient profiles obviating a need for dietary
intervention. However, some students consumed poor diets, incurred greater food costs and
practised unfavourable lifestyle behaviours, which may have long-term health effects.
University policy to improve students’ diets should incorporate efforts to promote student
engagement in cooking and food preparation, and increased availability of low-cost healthier
food items.

MARCH, 2019

Article 4: Fast Food Consumption Pattern among University Hostel Girls by

Monika Sehrawat- In Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in allied
education.

Fast food is very popular among adolescents but its consumption has been associated with
negative impact on health. This study was conducted to assess the fast food consumption
pattern and eating behaviour of adolescent girls and also the amount of money they spent on
consumption of fast food from hostel canteen as well as outside places. Many of the
adolescents exhibit peculiar food habits. Peer influence is one of the main reasons for faulty
eating habits among the adolescents.

The study was conducted out in the Maharshi Dayanand University in Rohtak, Haryana. 50
girl students aged 16-19 residing in Maharshi Dayanand University Hostel. Generally, this
becomes a habit resulting in a host of malnutrition related problem. Adolescents are at risk of
many non-communicable disease like obesity, diabetes, hypertension etc due to irregular

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eating habits. These eating habits of adolescents may even go into their adulthood. Fast food
culture is becoming very popular these days especially among young people. The low price,
easy availability, taste and attractive advertisement and special offers makes them popular
among young people. Fast-food industry in India is increasing rapidly at the rate of 40%
every year.

Due to increased urbanization and increased income, there has been a drastic change in the
eating pattern of college students in India. When students experience college life they are
exposed to lack of time and stress which leads to poor eating habits among them.

After understanding the dietary pattern of college students, Researcher suggested that
nutritional education should be made compulsory for all college going students. And it the
responsibility of government to eliminate or limit the fast food vendors near schools and
colleges and offer healthy and nutritional food choices to children and teenagers.

RESEARCH PROBLEM
Mumbai being hub of various educational institutions a lot of people migrate every year, the
problem exists that outstation students face problem in search of getting home like authentic
food and thus to trace their nutritional value requirements they intake as compared to other
Mumbai residents.

OBJECTIVES
1. To better understand the triple burden of living away from home, maintaining Diets
and managing health and studies.
2. To trace the nutritional value component that college student’s meal possesses in
depth.
3. To compare calorie intake and diet chart of students who are resident in Mumbai and
other outstation, providing awareness about healthy eating alternatives.
4. To understand student’s preferences, choices and psychological barriers they pursue
in respect of food to spread knowledge by food experts and dietitians.

METHODOLOGY
Primary data collection method was used, wherein we conducted random sample survey of
107 college students spread all over. A questionnaire was circulated consisting of 13
questions in total segregated into 3 broad classifications i.e. personal informational questions,
few about what food college students consume on daily basis and lastly to check knowledge
students possess about nutritional and healthy eating. Questions were a proper mix of
multiple choice, tabulation, frequencies (1 being least and 5 being most), checkboxes, and
linear scale.

LIMITATIONS
1. Time constraint: We do not have a particular criterion of research because of lack of
time

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2. Small sample size: Due to limited time, we could only interview a small set of people
3. Subjective responses and biases: Responses greatly vary due questions were regarding
food, we can expect few biased responses because target segment is youth. We could
not go into depth analysis of quantities and portions of food consumed.

FUTURE SCOPE
Further, in depth analysis of per meal calorie consumption can be focused and educating
college canteen to provide healthy eating options like millets, oats, and baked vegetables.

DATA ANALYSIS
a) Interpretation of graphs
1)
Age

15 to 17
18 to 20
21 to 23

In a sample survey of 107 college students: 7% of college students falls into age
category of 15-17yrs, 75% of college students falls into age category of 18-20yrs and
the rest into age category of 21-23yrs.

2)
YOUR GENDER?
62

45

Total

FEMALE MALE

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In a sample survey of 107 college students, 58% of college students are female and 42%
of students are male.

3)

Are you resident of mumbai or from

outstation?

outstation
46%
54% Resident of Mumbai

In a sample survey of 107 college students, 58 students reside in Mumbai and other 49 are
outstation students.

4)

What is the amount of pocket money/income

you receive on weekly basis?

40
35
30
25
20 Total
15
10
5
0
Above Rs less than Rs Rs 250/- to Rs Rs 500/- to Rs
1000/- 250/- 500/- 1000/-

In a sample survey of 107 college students: 38 students have pocket money/ income of
above Rs 1000/- , 35 students have pocket money/ income between Rs 500/- to 1000/- ,
23 students have pocket money/ income between Rs 250/- to Rs 500/- and the rest 11
students have pocket money less than Rs 250.

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5)

In a sample survey of 107 students: 49% students prefer vegetarian diet, 69% students
prefer non vegetarian diet, 10% prefer eggetarian diet, 3% prefer vegan diet, 5% prefer
gluten-free diet.

6)

In a sample survey of 107 college students:

Most students consider ‘Places which is least crowded’ moderate, consider ‘As per food I
want’ most important, consider ‘As per food is healthy’ important, consider ‘As per cheap
and sustainable’ and ‘others’ moderate.

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7)

In a sample survey of 107 students: 40% students prefer college canteen, 58% students
prefer own tiffin, 48% students prefer ordering food online, 39% students prefer kiosks,
stalls outside college.

8)

In a sample survey of 107 students:

People often order food once a week, consume hard drinks and soft drinks once a
week, eat green leafy vegetables 2-3 times a week, consume milk and other dairy
products daily, consume fruits daily.

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9)

HOW OFTEN DO YOU CONSUME

CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES?

86
Total
12

4
2-3 TIMES A DAY 3-4 TIMES A DAY MORE THAN 4 ONCE A DAY
TIMES A DAY

In a sample survey of 107 college students: 12 students consume caffeinated

beverage 2-3 times a day, 5 students consume caffeinated beverage 3-4 times a day,
4 students consume caffeinated beverage more than 4 times a day and the rest 86
students consume caffeinated beverage once a day.

10)

DO YOU CONSUME ANY SUPPLEMENTS?

18%

No
Yes

82%

In a sample survey of 107 college students: 82% students consume supplements

while other 18% students do not consume supplements.

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11)

HOW STRICTLY DO YOU PRACTICE YOUR DIET?

daily
often
Rarely
sometimes

In a sample survey of 107 students :13% students strictly practice their diet
daily, 21% students often practice their diet strictly, 30% students rarely
practice their diet strictly, 36% students sometimes practice their diet strictly.

12)

DO YOU PAY ATTENTION TO THE SUGAR CONTENT IN THE

FOOD/DRINKS YOU CONSUME?

No, never
Sometimes
Yes, always

In a sample survey of 107 students: 35 students do not pay attention to the

sugar content; 47 students pay attention sometimes and the rest 25 students
always pay attention to the sugar content in the food.

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13)

In a sample survey of 107 students:

Students consume chicken/mutton/other meats less often, consume eggs least, consume
milk and other dairy products moderately, consume pulses and dals often, consume wheat
roti more often, consume breads moderately, consume junk food like Pastas and pizza
moderately, consume vegetables more often.

b) objectives wise data analysis

1. To better understand the triple burden of living away from home, maintaining Diets
and managing health and studies.
Column
Count of Preference of diet Labels
Grand
Row Labels daily often Rarely sometimes Total
Eggetarian 1 1
Non - vegetarian 9 13 14 16 52
Non - vegetarian, Eggetarian 1 1
Non - vegetarian, Vegan, Gluten-free 1 1
Vegetarian 1 4 13 14 32
Vegetarian, Non - vegetarian 1 2 3 4 10
Vegetarian, Non - vegetarian, Eggetarian 1 1 2 2 6
Vegetarian, Non - vegetarian, Eggetarian, Gluten-free 1 1
Vegetarian, Non - vegetarian, Eggetarian, Vegan, Gluten-free 1 1 2
Vegetarian, Non - vegetarian, Gluten-free 1 1
Grand Total 14 23 32 38 107

2. To trace the nutritional value component that college student’s meal possesses in
depth.

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Enova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
how often do you order? 5 75 15 17.5
how often do you consume hard drinks and soft drinks? 5 141 28.2 129.2
how often do you eat green leafy vegetables? 5 158 31.6 252.3
how often do you consume milk and other dairy
products? 5 113 22.6 316.3
how often do you consume fruits 5 47 9.4 116.3

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 1683.4 4 420.8 2.53 0.07262 2.86608
Within Groups 3326.4 20 166.3

Total 5009.8 24

Column
Count of How often do you consume caffeinated beverages? Labels
Grand
Row Labels No Yes Total
2-3 times a day 9 3 12
3-4 times a day 5 5
more than 4 times a day 2 2 4
once a day 72 14 86
Grand Total 88 19 107

Correlation

Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4

Row 1 1
Row 2 #VALUE! 1
Row 3 #DIV/0! #VALUE! 1
Row 4 #DIV/0! #VALUE! #DIV/0! 1

3. To compare calorie intake and diet chart of students who are resident in Mumbai and
other outstation, providing awareness about healthy eating alternatives.
Enova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
chicken / mutton / other meats 107 285 2.664 2.395168
Eggs 107 286 2.673 2.203315
Milk and other dairy products 107 371 3.467 1.647505
Pulses and dals 107 394 3.682 1.275436
Wheat roti 107 424 3.963 1.489155
Breads 107 313 2.925 1.466055

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Junk food like Pastas and Pizza 107 291 2.72 1.203668
Rice 107 364 3.402 1.752072
Vegetables, fruits 107 390 3.645 1.419855

ANOVA
P-
Source of Variation SS df MS F value F crit
2E-
Between Groups 212.2077 8 26.53 16.07393 22 1.9481
Within Groups 1574.336 954 1.65

Total 1786.544 962

4. To understand student’s preferences, choices and psychological barriers they pursue

in respect of food to spread knowledge by food experts and dietitians.
Enova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Place which is least crowded 107 322 3.00935 1.405572
As per food I want 107 434 4.05607 0.902486
As per food is healthy 107 390 3.64486 1.117969
As per cheap and sustainable 107 351 3.28037 1.222536
Others 107 339 3.16822 1.612943

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 75.5402 4 18.885 15.08028 1.1043E-11 2.3888
Within Groups 663.72 530 1.2523

Total 739.26 534

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

To interpret our objective of handling triple times the burden of living away from family and
managing health and diet, the questions were preference of diet and how strictly do you
practice diet for which there is one 1 eggetarian who consumes sometimes, few students were
non-vegetarian out of which 9 consume on daily basis, 13 often ,14 rarely, 1 student consume
it sometimes thus a sum of 52 in total. For people consuming non-veg and eggetarian both
there is one student who eats often. There is one student who consumes a mix diet of non-
veg, eggetarian and gluten free oftenly. There are 32 students whose diet preference is
vegetarian of that 1 student on daily basis ,4 on octenyl basis,13 rarely ,14 sometimes. 10
Students whose diet is a mix of vegetarian, on-veg, out of which 1 on daily basis,2 oftenly,3
rarely and 4 sometimes.6 students diet is a mix vegetarian, on-veg and eggetarian out of
which 1 student on daily basis,1 often, 2 rarely and 2 sometimes.1 students daily consume a
mix of vegetarian ,non-veg , eggetarian and gluten free on daily basis.2 students; have a mix
diet of vegetarian, non-veg, eggetarian, vegan and gluten free octenyl and sometimes. 1

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student diet is a mix of vegetarian, non-vegetarian and gluten free on daily basis thus
summing up of all responses. This objective is to figure out about how much caffeinated
beverage is consumed and do you take any supplements. For this only 19 students out of 108
take supplements like iron and multivitamins tablets, others do not consume it at all. For the
part of caffeinated beverage 12 students consume it 2-3 times a day,5 students consume 4-5
times a day, 4 students consume more than 4 times a day and 86 students consume once a day
summing up to 107 students. On analysing how often do students orfer,11 students order 4-6
times a week ,27 students order 2-3 times a week, 52 students order once a week ,8 order on
daily basis and 9 students never order online. For finding out how often do students consume
hard and soft drinks, 11 students consume 4-6 times a day, 22 consume 2-3 times a day ,43
once a week basis, 3 on daily basis and 28 never consume hard& soft drinks. For analysis of
how often do students consume green leafy vegetables,16 students consume 4-6 times a day,
48 students consume 2-3 times a day,18 students once a week ,24 on daily basis and 1 never
consumes any leafy vegetables. In case of analysing how often students consume milk and
other dairy products,21 students 4-6 times a week, 20 students consume 2-3 times a week,15
students consume once a week, 47 on daily basis and 4 never consume milk and other milk
products. Lastly to check if students consume fruits,16 students choose 4-6 times a week,24
selected they eat fruits 2-3 times a week,30 eat fruits on once a week basis, 31 students eat
fruits on daily basis and 5 students don’t eat fruits at all. Objective 3and 4 speaks about
nutritional value content in meals possessed by college students and preferences choices also
psychological barriers students possess in regard to food for which Anova table is formed.
Anova table in general speaks about difference in value in our question 3- the critical value is
1.94 whereas value of F is 16.07 and in question 4-the critical value is 2.33 and value of F is
15.08 thus in both the cases since the value of F is greater than F critical we will reject null
hypothesis Ho .Thus to conclude we will find correlation between no of students who take
supplements and no of caffeinated beverages consumed by students. Correlation basically
helps the two variables being compared have a perfect positive relationship; when one
variable moves higher or lower, the other variable moves in the same direction with the same
magnitude. The closer the value of ρ is to +1, the stronger the linear relationship. Thus, in our
case we figured out that as of now only 18 students take supplements but as consumption of
supplements increases due to low immunity of students in present era ,it is also found out that
consumption of caffeinated beverages has increased significantly. From our correlation data
,our result is 1 which signifies strong and positive relation.

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

From the data set collected, it was observed that majority preferred mix of non-vegetarian
and vegetarian diet. It was analysed that people sometimes strictly practice diet; thus, it is
opined that people should be aware about healthy eating on a regular basis due to which
seminars, workshops, demonstrations of harmful food to body should be organised by
college. Consumption of caffeinated beverage amongst the survey is once in a day. People
rarely rely on supplements like multivitamins, iron and other deficiency tablets. We can
conclude that people order from outside once a week, consume hard drinks /soft drinks -once
a week, leafy vegetables-2/3 times a week, dairy products and fruits daily, also consumption
of sugar content is sometimes. As per day calorie intake, wheat roti is most consumed
followed by vegetables & fruits, milk and milk products, dals and pulses, rice, chicken and

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meat, eggs. The place which has been frequently visited is college canteen and the choice of
place depends upon the food people want to consume, how healthy the food is provided at a
particular place, others personal reasons, one the criteria of food availed at cheap and
reasonable prices and lastly the on the criteria of place of eating is least crowded. To
summarize the entire research analysis, we conclude that outstation students find it a way
more difficult to get healthy food and at regular intervals as compared to other Mumbai
residents. They rather eat some on the go food before attending college lectures. It is very
difficult for them to intake all nutritional value at right quantity and variety. Thus, to make all
students get to eat healthy food at growing stage it is recommended that variety of healthy
eating options should be given at ease. College canteen should also variously options at
reasonable prices for healthy eating. Various awareness drives and workshops to be
conducted at very lucrative stage so that maximum people can eat take benefit of healthy
eating. An application which tracks the calorie intake per day should be installed so that
students are aware about their intake per day. Portion size should be kept in mind in case of
each meal, breakfast should not be avoided even though students have to rush for lectures in
morning, fight stress is a key to good health, drink moderately while partying and lastly drink
lots of water. Thus, “it’s not short-term diet, its long-term lifestyle change”. All college
students should create” healthy habits, not restrictions.”

WEBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.ignited.in/I/a/78806

https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-018-0398-y

https://www.academia.edu/34634348/STUDY_ON_THE_CONSUMPTION_PATTERN_OF_JUNK_FOOD
_AMONG_UNIVERSITY_STUDENTS

http://medical-clinical-reviews.imedpub.com/fast-food-consumption-in-children-a-
review.php?aid=6994

ANNEXURE

QUESTIONAIRE

1) Age-
• 15-17
• 18-20
• 21-23

2)Gender-
• Female Male

3) Tick suitable option

• Resident of Mumbai Outstation

4) What is the amount of pocket money you receive on a Weekly basis?

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• Less than 250/-

• More than 250/- and less than 500/-
• 500-1000/-
• Above 1000/-

5) Preference of diet: -
Non-vegetarian Vegetarian Eggetarian Vegan Gluten-free
6)Rate your decision criteria: (On a scale of 1 to 5, 5 being the most important and 1 being
the least)
1 2 3 4 5
• Place which is the least crowded.
• As per food I want.
• As per food is healthy
• As per cheap and sustainable
• Others.

7) Where do you prefer eating food? (You can select more than one in case you have a
combination of response)
• College canteen
• Own tiffin
• Order online.
• Kiosks, stalls outside college.

8)Choose the appropriate option:

Daily once a week 2-3 times a week 4-6 times a week never
How often do you
Order online?
How often do you
Consume hard and
Soft drinks?
How often do you
Eat green leafy
vegetables?
How often do you
Consume milk and other
Dairy products?
How often do you consume
Fruits?

9)How often do you consume caffeinated beverages?

Once a day 2-3 times a day 3-4 times a day More than 4 times a day

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10)Do you consume any supplements (multi-vitamin, iron)?

Yes, no
11) How strictly do you practice your diet?
Rarely Sometimes Often Daily
12)Do you pay attention to the sugar content in the foods/drinks you consume?
Yes, always Sometimes no, never.
13)On a scale of 1 to 10, which all do you consume more often? (10 being more often and 1
being least)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
• Chicken/Mutton/Other meats
• Eggs
• Milk and other dairy products
• Pulses and dals
• Wheat roti
• Breads
• Junk food like pastas and pizza
• Rice
• Vegetables

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