THE BOOK OF NUMBERS

by Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum

INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL

A. Title

1. Hebrew

2. Greek

3. Latin

4. English

B. Author

1. Internal Evidence

2. External Evidence

C. Date

D. Structure

1. Census Structure

2. Geographical Structure

3. Generational Structure

4. Content Structure

5. Date Structure

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 E. Content and Basic Outline

1. Three Main Elements

2. Basic Divisions

3. Basic Outline

F. Purposes

G. Characteristics

H. Typology

I. Theme

J. Numbers and the New Testament

K. Numbers and Systematic Theology

I. ISRAEL AT SINAI: THE PREPARATION FOR DEPARTURE - 1:1 - 10:10

A. The First Census - 1:1-54

1. The Command to Number - 1:1-19

a. The Date - 1:1

b. The Command - 1:2-3

c. The Appointment of the Census Takers - 1:4-16

d. The Introduction to the Census - 1:17-19

2. The Numbering of the Tribes - 1:20-43

a. Reuben - 1:20-21

b. Simeon - 1:22-23

c. Gad - 1:24-25

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 d. Judah - 1:26-27

e. Issachar - 1:28-29

f. Zebulun - 1:30-31

g. Ephraim - 1:32-33

h. Manasseh - 1:34-35

i. Benjamin - 1:36-37

j. Dan - 1:38-39

k. Asher - 1:40-41

l. Naphtali - 1:42-43

3. The Total - 1:44-46

4. The Status of the Levites - 1:47-53

5. The Summary of Obedience - 1:54

B. The Order of the Camp - 2:1-34

1. The Command to Standardize - 2:1-2

2. The Four Directions - 2:3-31

a. The East - 2:3-9

b. The South - 2:10-16

c. The Tabernacle - 2:17

d. The West - 2:18-24

e. The North - 2:25-31

3. The Summary of Obedience - 2:32-34

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 4. The Encampment - CHART #1

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 C. The Levitical Census - 3:1 - 4:49

1. The Priests: The Family of Aaron - 3:1-4

2. The Duties of the Levites - 3:5-10

3. The Status of the Levites - 3:11-13

4. The Command to Number the Levites - 3:14-20

5. The Three Divisions - 3:21-37

a. Gershon - 3:21-26

b. Kohath - 3:27-32

c. Merari - 3:33-37

6. The Summary Conclusion - 3:38-39

7. The Census and Redemption of the Firstborn - 3:40-51

a. The Census - 3:40-43

b. The Redemption - 3:44-51

8. The Duties of the Three Divisions - 4:1-33

a. Kohath - 4:1-20

b. Gershon - 4:21-28

c. Merari - 4:29-33

9. The Numbering of the Three Divisions - 4:34-49

a. Kohath - 4:34-37

b. Gershon - 4:38-41

c. Merari - 4:42-45

d. The Grand Total - 4:46-49

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 10. The Camp of Israel in the Sinai

a. The Camp - CHART #2

b. The Order of March

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 D. The Laws of Moses - 5:1 - 10:10

1. The Purification of the Camp - 5:1-4

2. Sin and Restitution - 5:5-10

3. The Test of Adultery - 5:11-31

a. Introduction - 5:11-12a

b. The Spirit of Jealousy - 5:12b-15

c. The Woman Before Jehovah - 5:16-22

d. The Ritual of Drinking - 5:23-28

e. Summary - 5:29-31

4. The Law of the Nazirite - 6:1-21

a. The Nazirite Vow - 6:1-8

b. The Defiled Nazirite - 6:9-12

c. The Completion of the Vow - 6:13-20

d. Summary - 6:21

5. The Priestly Blessing - 6:22-27

a. The Command - 6:22-23

b. The Benediction - 6:24-26

c. Summary - 6:27

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 6. The Offering of the Princes - 7:1-89

a. The Oblation for the Levites - 7:1-9

b. The Oblation for the Dedication of the Altar - 7:10-83

(1) The Introduction - 7:10-11

(2) The First Day: Judah - 7:12-17

(3) The Second Day: Issachar - 7:18-23

(4) The Third Day: Zebulun - 7:24-29

(5) The Fourth Day: Reuben - 7:30-35

(6) The Fifth Day: Simeon - 7:36-41

(7) The Sixth Day: Gad - 7:42-47

(8) The Seventh Day: Ephraim - 7:48-53

(9) The Eighth Day: Manasseh - 7:54-59

(10) The Ninth Day: Benjamin - 7:60-65

(11) The Tenth Day: Dan - 7:66-71

(12) The Eleventh Day: Asher - 7:72-77

(13) The Twelfth Day: Naphtali - 7:78-83

c. The Summary and Total - 7:84-88

d. The Voice of God - 7:89

7. The Seven Lamps - 8:1-4

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 8. The Purification of the Levites - 8:5-26

a. The Purification - 8:5-22

(1) The Command - 8:5-19

(a) The Means of Purification - 8:5-13

(b) The Status of the Levites - 8:14-19

(2) The Obedience - 8:20-22

b. The Age for Service - 8:23-26

9. The Laws of the Passover - 9:1-14

a. The Second Passover - 9:1-5

b. The Delayed Passover - 9:6-13

(1) The Inquiry - 9:6-8

(2) The Answer - 9:9-14

10. The Preparation for the Departure - 9:15 - 10:10

a. The Shechinah Glory - 9:15-23

b. The Two Silver Trumpets - 10:1-10

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 II. THE JOURNEY FROM MOUNT SINAI TO KADESH BARNEA - 10:11 - 12:16

A. The Departure from Mount Sinai - 10:11-36

1. The Tribal Divisions - 10:11-28 - CHART #3

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 2. The Invitation to Hobab - 10:29-32

3. The Departure - 10:33-36

B. The Murmuring At Taberah - 11:1-3

C. The Murmuring At Kibroth-Hattaavah - 11:4-35

1. The Murmuring - 11:4-9

2. The Complaint of Moses - 11:10-15

3. The Response of God - 11:16-23

4. The Shechinah Glory - 11:24-25

5. The Case of Eldad and Medad - 11:26-30

6. The Provision of the Quail - 11:31-34

7. The Journey from Kibroth-Hattaavah to Hazeroth - 11:35

D. The Murmuring of Aaron and Miriam - 12:1-15

1. The Murmuring - 12:1-3

2. The Response of God - 12:4-15

a. The Verbal Rebuke - 12:4-8

b. The Visible Rebuke - 12:9-15

E. The Journey from Hazeroth to the Wilderness of Paran - 12:16

III. THE SIN OF KADESH BARNEA - 13:1 - 14:45

A. The Selection of the Spies - 13:1-16

B. The Sending of the Spies - 13:17-20

C. The Spying Out of the Land - 13:21-25

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 D. The Report of the Spies - 13:26-33

E. The Rebellion of the People - 14:1-10a

F. The Threat of Jehovah - 14:10b-12

G. The Intercession of Moses - 14:13-19

H. The Judgement of the Forty Years - 14:20-35

1. The Loss of the Land - 14:20-25

2. The Loss of Life in the Wilderness - 14:26-35

I. The Death of the Evil Spies - 14:36-38

J. The People's Response and the Second Rebellion - 14:39-45

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 IV. THE WILDERNESS WANDERINGS - 15:1 - 22:1

A. The Law of Moses - 15:1-41

1. The Laws of the Offering - 15:1-31

a. The Supplementary Meal and Drink Offering - 15:1-16 - CHART #4

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 b. The First of the Dough - 15:17-21

c. For Sins of Omission - 15:22-31

(1) Congregational Sin - 15:22-26

(2) Individual Sin - 15:27-31

(a) Unwitting Sin - 15:27-29

(b) Deliberate Sin - 15:30-31

2. The Sabbath Violation - 15:32-36

3. The Tassels and the Ribbon of Blue - 15:37-41

B. The Rebellion of Korah - 16:1-50

1. The Rebellion - 16:1-3

2. The Response of Moses - 16:4-11

3. The Rebellion of Dathan and Abiram - 16:12-15

4. The Ordeal of Korah - 16:16-24

5. The Ordeal of Dathan and Abiram - 16:25-30

6. The Destruction of the Rebellion - 16:31-35

7. The Rebels' Censers - 16:36-40

8. The Murmuring of the People and the Plague - 16:41-50

C. The Confirmation of the Aaronic Priesthood - 17:1-13

D. The Function of the Priesthood - 18:1-32

1. The Duties of the Priests and Levites - 18:1-7

2. The Portion of the Priesthood - 18:8-19

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 3. The Inheritance of the Priests and Levites - 18:20-24

4. The Heave-Offering of the Levites - 18:25-32

E. The Ashes of the Red Heifer - 19:1-22

1. The Ashes - 19:1-10

2. The Cleansing from Corpse Uncleanness - 19:11-22

a. The General Rule - 19:11-13

b. Two Specifics - 19:14-16

c. The Procedure for Using Water - 19:17-19

d. The Importance of Following Correct Procedure - 19:20-22

F. The Death of Miriam - 20:1

G. The Waters of Meribah - 20:2-13

H. The Request for Passage Through Edom - 20:14-21

1. The First Request - 20:14-18

2. The Second Request - 20:19-21

I. The Death of Aaron - 20:22-29

J. The Journey from Kadesh Barnea to the Plains of Moab - 21:1 - 22:1

1. The Conquest of Arad - 21:1-3

2. The Fiery Serpents - 21:4-9

3. The Journey from Oboth to Pisgah - 21:10-20

4. The War Against Sihon - 21:21-32

5. The War Against Og - 21:33-35

6. The Arrival At the Plains of Moab - 22:1

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 V. THE STORY OF BALAAM - 22:2 - 25:18

A. The Hiring of Balaam - 22:2-40

1. Balak's Dilemma - 22:2-6

2. Balaam's First Encounter with God - 22:7-14

3. Balaam's Second Encounter with God - 22:15-20

4. Balaam's Third Encounter with God: The Angel of Jehovah - 22:21-35

a. The Donkey and the Angel of Jehovah - 22:21-30

(1) The First Encounter - 22:21-23

(2) The Second Encounter - 22:24-25

(3) The Third Encounter - 22:26-30

b. Balaam and the Angel of Jehovah - 22:31-35

5. Balaam's Arrival - 22:36-40

B. The Prophecies of Balaam - 22:41 - 24:24

1. The First Prophecy - 22:41 - 23:12

a. The Preparations - 22:41 - 23:6

b. The Prophecy - 23:7-10

c. The Response of Balak - 23:11-12

2. The Second Prophecy - 23:13-26

a. The Preparations - 23:13-17

b. The Prophecy - 23:18-24

c. The Response of Balak - 23:25-26

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 3. The Third Prophecy - 23:27 - 24:13

a. The Preparation - 23:27 - 24:2

b. The Prophecy - 24:3-9

c. The Response of Balak - 24:10-14

4. The Fourth Prophecy - 24:15-24

a. The Blessing of Israel - 24:15-19

b. The Three Curses - 24:20-24

(1) Amalek - 24:20

(2) The Kenites - 24:21-22

(3) The Kittim, Asshur and Eber - 24:23-24

C. The Return of Balaam - 24:25

D. Balaam and the Sin of Baal-Peor - 25:1-18

1. The Sin - 25:1-2

2. The Judgment of God - 25:3-5

3. The Zeal of Phinehas - 25:6-15

a. The Action of Phinehas - 25:6-8

b. The Total Dead - 25:9

c. The Blessing of Phinehas - 25:10-13

d. The Identity of the Guilty - 25:14-15

e. The Vengeance on Midian - 25:16-18

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 VI. THE SECOND CENSUS - 26:1-65

A. The Command to Number - 26:1-4

B. The Tribes - 26:5-50

1. Reuben - 26:5-11

2. Simeon - 26:12-14

3. Gad - 26:15-18

4. Judah - 26:19-22

5. Issachar - 26:23-25

6. Zebulun - 25:26-27

7. Joseph - 26:28-37

a. The Sons of Joseph - 26:28

b. Manasseh - 26:29-34

c. Ephraim - 26:35-37a

d. The Concluding Summary - 26:37b

8. Benjamin - 26:38-41

9. Dan - 26:42-43

10. Asher - 26:44-47

11. Naphtali - 26:48-50

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 C. The Sum Total - 26:51 - CHART #5

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 D. The Division of the Land - 26:52-56

E. The Numbering of the Levites - 26:57-62

F. The New Generation - 26:63-65

VII. TRANSITIONS - 27:1-23

A. The Law of Inheritance of Women - 27:1-11

B. The Prophecy of Moses' Death - 27:12-14

C. The Succession of Joshua - 27:15-23

VIII. THE LAWS OF THE OFFERINGS - 28:1 - 29:40

A. The Food of God - 28:1-2

B. The Daily Offerings - 28:3-8

C. The Sabbath Offerings - 28:9-10

D. The New Moon Offerings - 28:11-15

E. The Feast of the Passover - 28:16

F. The Feast of Unleavened Bread Offerings - 28:17-25

G. The Feast of Weeks Offerings - 28:26-31

H. The Feast of Trumpets Offering - 29:1-6

I. The Day of Atonement Offering - 29:7-11

J. The Feast of Tabernacles Offerings - 29:12-34

1. The First Day - 29:12-16

2. The Second Day - 29:17-19

3. The Third Day - 29:20-22

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 4. The Fourth Day - 29:23-25

5. The Fifth Day - 29:26-28

6. The Sixth Day - 29:29-31

7. The Seventh Day - 29:32-34

K. The Added Eighth Day of Assembly Offerings - 29:35-38

L. Summary - 29:39-40

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 M. The Offerings of Numbers 28-29 and Other References - CHART #6

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 IX. THE LAW OF THE VOW - 30:1-16

A. Introduction - 30:1

B. The Male Vow - 30:2

C. The Single Female Vow - 30:3-5

D. The Betrothed Female Vow - 30:6-8

E. The Widow or Divorcee - 30:9

F. The Married Female Vow - 30:10-15

1. Voiding Without Penalty - 30:10-12

2. Voiding With Penalty - 30:13-15

G. Concluding Summary: The General Principle - 30:16

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 X. THE WAR AGAINST MIDIAN - 31:1-54

A. The War - 31:1-12

B. The Treatment of the Prisoners of War - 31:13-20

C. The Purification of the Soldiers and the Spoil - 31:21-24

D. The Division of the Spoils of War - 31:25-54

1. The Command to Take the Sum - 31:25-31

2. The Total Living Spoils of War - 31:32-35

3. The Division of the Living Spoils - 31:36-47

a. Of the Soldiers - 31:36-41

b. Of the Congregation - 31:42-47

c. The Division of the Spoil - CHART #7

4. The Offerings from the Non-Living Spoil - 31:48-54

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 XI. THE SETTLEMENT OF THE TRANS-JORDANIAN TRIBES - 32:1-42

A. The Request by the Tribes - 32:1-5

B. The Negative Response of Moses - 32:6-15

C. The Promise by the Tribes - 32:16-19

D. The Positive Response of Moses - 32:20-24

E. The Agreement of the Tribes - 32:25-27

F. The Ratification of the Agreement - 32:28-32

G. The Divisions of the Trans-Jordan - 32:33-42

XII. THE WILDERNESS ENCAMPMENTS - 33:1-49

A. The Departure from Egypt - 33:1-4

B. The Encampments - 33:5-49

1. From Egypt to Mount Hor - 33:5-37

2. At Mount Hor - 33:38-40

a. The Death of Aaron - 33:38-39

b. The King of Arad - 33:40

3. From Mount Hor to the Plains of Moab - 33:41-49

XIII. THE CONQUEST AND DIVISION OF THE LAND - 33:50 - 36:13

A. The Command of Extermination - 33:50-56

B. The Boundaries of the Land - 34:1-15

1. Introduction - 34:1-2

2. The Southern Border - 34:3-5

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 3. The Western Border - 34:6

4. The Northern Border - 34:7-9

5. The Eastern Border - 34:10-12a

6. Summary Conclusion - 34:12b

7. The Trans-Jordan - 34:13-15

C. The Appointment of the Tribal Leaders to Divide the Land - 34:16-29

D. The Levitical Cities - 35:1-8

The Levitical Square - CHART #8

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 E. The Cities of Refuge - 35:9-34

1. The Appointment of the Cities - 35:9-15

2. The Qualifications for Refuge - 35:16-28

a. The Disqualified - 35:16-21

b. The Qualified - 35:22-28

3. Special Laws - 35:29-34

F. The Law Concerning the Marriage of a Heiress - 36:1-12

1. The Precedent - 36:1-4

2. The Amendment - 36:5-9

3. The Implementation of the Amendment - 36:10-12

G. Conclusion - 36:13

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