RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019

BIOLOGY

1. THREE ANIMALS HAVE DIFFERENT FORELIMBS. ANIMAL 1 HAS FLIPPERS,

ANIMAL 2 HAS WINGS, AND ANIMAL 3 HAS NO LIMBS. WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING GIVES THE CORRESPONDING FUNCTIONS OF THE FORELIMBS OF
THESE ANIMALS?

(A) Animal 1 = running

Animal 2 = climbing
Animal 3 = swimming

(B) Animal 1 = walking

Animal 2 = swimming
Animal 3 = crawling

(C) Animal 1 = swimming

Animal 2 = flying
Animal 3 = crawling

(D) Animal 1 = diving

Animal 2 = flying
Animal 3 = jumping

2. CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS ARE CONNECTED BY REGIONS OF INTERCALATED

DISCS WHICH CONTAIN THE GAP JUNCTIONS AND THE __________.
A. T tubule: permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell & also
play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration
B. Sarcomere: functional unit of striated muscle; found between two Z lines in a
muscle fiber
C. Desmosome: structure by which two adjacent cells are attached
D. Cardiac myofibril: made up of sarcomeres which are the functional units of
muscle; cardiac= heart

3. WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LIPIDS?

A. DNA- they have an amino acid sequence that is programmed by unit of
inheritance known as gene; thus, they can store & transmit hereditary
information.
B. Carbohydrates- they include polymers, generally w/ molecular formula that are
multiples of the unit CH2O; this, they can serve as fuel & building material.
C. Proteins- they have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions; thus,
they can serve as structures for support, storage, transport, & cellular signaling;
& defense against foreign substances.
D. Structure and function of lipids: Assembled from smaller molecules such as
glycerol by dehydration reactions; thus they can store large amounts of energy.

4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPECIATION OF AN

ORGANISM?
I. Genetic drift
II. Gene Flow
III. Mutation
1 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019

A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I and III only
D. I, II and III

- Speciation: Formation of new & distinct species in the course of evolution

- Genetic drift: Mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population
change over generations d/t chance; its effect is stronger in small population
- Gene flow: Transfer of genetic material from one population to another
- Mutation:Permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene;
sequence differs from what is found in most organism

5. A woman consulted a doctor because she has the following symptoms: low
energy level and fatigue; slow wound healing; poor concentration and trouble
learning; and muscle, bone and joint pain. The patient is most likely suffering
from deficiency in ______.

A. Carbohydrates
B. Nucleic Acids
C. Proteins
D. Lipids

A. Carbohydrate deficiency sx- ketosis, excessive breakdown of protein; digestive

system breaks down carbs into glucose & pancreas secretes hormone called
insulinto help glucose move from the blood into cells; fatigue, decr’d energy level.
CARBOHYDRATES ARE THE BODY’S MOST PREFFERED SOURCE OF ENERGY.
B. Nucleic acids deficiency sx- immunodeficiency; accumulation of uric acid; make
up genetic information, basic instructions for living things; code for making
proteins
C. Proteins deficiency sx- low energy level & fatigue, slow wound healing, poor
concentration & trouble learning, muscle, bone, & joint pain; structure, function
D. Lipid deficiency sx- scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, dry skin; lipid as
source of oil, fats.

6. Which of the following comparisons between active and passive transport

systems best describes them?

A. Active transport system does not require ATP molecules, while passive transport
system does.
B. Passive transport system does not require ATP molecules, while active transport
system does.
C. Both the active and the passive transport systems require ATP molecules.
D. Neither the active nor the passive transport system requires ATP molecules.

-Active Transport:
-Passive Transport:

2 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
7. What are the products of the light dependent reactions which are used in the
light- independent reactions to produce glucose?

A. H20 and ATP

B. H20 and C02
C. ATP and NADPH
D. 02 and C02

- Light-dependent reaction- takes place in the chloroplast; sugars are made from
carbon dioxide;
- reactants- ATP & NADPH, products- RuBP (5-carbon sugar)& oxygen;
- final product is glucose

8. A cell biologist is observing two types of cells, labeled as A and B. Cell A has
ribosomes, circular DNA, and no distinct nucleus. Cell B has ribosomes and
other organelles, DNA arranged in double helices and a distinct nucleus. Based
on the observations, what type of cell are cells A and B?

A. Cell A is a eukaryotic cell while cell B is a prokaryotic cell.

B. Cell A is a prokaryotic cell while cell B is a eukaryotic cell.
C. Both Cells A and B are prokaryotic cells.
D. Both Cells A and B are eukaryotic cells.

-Prokaryotic cell: Ribosomes, circular DNA & no distinct nucleus.

- Eukaryotic cell: Ribosomes, other organelles, DNA arranged in double helices, &
distinct helices.

9. A molecular biologist had successfully determined the partial amino acid

sequence of an Aedesaegypti intestinal protein. The tRNA molecules used in
the synthesis have the anticodons UACCGAGGAGCUUUUGGA. Given this partial
sequence, what is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA chain complementary to
the DNA chain that encodes for the intestinal protein?

A. ATGGCTCCTCGAAAACCT
B. ATGGCTCCTCGATTTCCT
C. ATGGCTGGACGAAAACCT
D. ATGGCTCCTCGAAAAGGA

-Anticodons: UACCGAGGAGCUUUUGGA
- Nucleotide sequence of the DNA chain complementary to the DNA chain
- Purines: Thymine (Uracil) & Cytosine (one-carbon nitrogen ring bases)
- Pyrimidines: Adenine & Guanine (two-carbon nitrogen ring bases)
- A-T; C-G; A-U
- Uracil is less expensive to produce than thymine (found in RNA)

10. Which statements is (are) true about mitosis and meiosis?

I. Both processes have two nuclear divisions.
II. Both processes are forms of division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.

3 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
III. Mitosis happens in sex cells while meiosis happens in the body cells.
IV. Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells while meiosis produces four
haploid daughter cells.

A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and IV only
E. STATE DIFFERENCES and STAGES OF MITOSIS and MEIOSIS

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP)

11. What type of metabolism is suggested by the chemical equation shown

above?
A. Anabolic
B. Catabolic
C. Exergonic
D. Endergonic

- Photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction; Cellular respiration is catabolic

reaction.
A. Anabolic: involves the joining of smaller molecules together to form larger, more
complex molecules; occurs through dehydration synthesis reactions; require
energy; reduction
 Examples: Glycerol reacts w/ fatty acids to make lipids; simple sugars combine
to form disaccharides of water
B. Catabolic: breaks large complex molecules into smaller simple ones; release
energy; oxidation
 Examples: Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water & oxygen; exercise
C. Exergonic: releases free energy; spontaneous
 Examples: Making of salt (mixing sodium & chlorine); combustion; temp of
surrounding increases; cellular respiration
D. Endergonic: energy is absorbed; non-spontaneous
 Examples: temperature of surrounding decreases; photosynthesis

12. Cultured cells were treated with compound in early Gap 1 (G1) phase
resulting to arrest before entering S phase. It was identified that similar
checkpoint acts during G1phase to ensure that sufficient growth has occurred
before the cells enter S phase. Which of the following was the most plausible
mechanism of arrest?

A. Inhibition OF Rb activity
B. Overproduction of E2F
C. Inhibition of DBA polymerase
D. Inhibition of G1 cyclin transcription

Mechanism of arrest:

4 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
A. Rb activity- tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major CA;
prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is
ready to divide; inhibition of this could cause CA & allow excessive cell
proliferation.
B. E2F- directs the cell cycle-dependent expression of genes that induce or regulate
the cell division process; overproduction of it will cause more cell division; thus,
more cell production.
C. DNA polymerase- responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of
nucleic acid molecules; inhibition of this would cause formation of new copies of
DNA to be stopped, not specific to the mechanism of G1 phase arrest.
D. G1 cyclin transcription- G1 is the point at which cells are committed to divide;
G1/S cyclin initiates DNA replication

13. Which of the following occurs during the Calvin Cycle?

A. Release of 02
B. Release of C02
C. Production of ATP
D. Production of NADP+

- During calvin cycle: NADP+ is produced since NADPH is already oxidized by the
light-independent reaction.

14. Certain free ribosomes need to bind to the outer surface of the
endoplasmic reticulum to complete their protein synthesis. What is the
importance of this process?

A. It converts mRNA into protein

B. It acts as a messenger to produce the appropriate proteins.
C. It transcribes proteins encoded by the mitochondrial DNA.
D. It prevents the possibility that synthesis of certain proteins will be completed in
the cytoplasm.

15. Which of the following mechanism in cellular respiration generates the

highest yield of ATP molecules?

A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Chemiosmosis
D. Glycogenolysis

Generates highest yield of ATP molecules

A. Glycolysis: 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate molecules
B. Krebs cycle: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2
C. Chemiosmosis: 34 ATP yield; synthesizes ATP using electrochemical gradient;
ATP synthase; oxidative phosphorylation

5 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
D. Glycogenolysis: glycogen is broken down into glucose to provide immediate
energy & to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting.

16. Which of the following diseases are most probably caused by both heredity and
environment?
A. Asthma, cancer, hypertension
B. Hemophilia, Huntington’s disease, osteoporosis
C. Spinal atrophy, muscular athropy, cri- du- chat syndrome
D. Sickle- cell anemia, Tay- Sach’s disease, cystic fibrosis

- Mostly cause by both heredity & environment: Asthma, CA, HTN.

- Environment-caused dz: Asthma, cardiovascular dz, diarrhealdz, LRI, CA, COPD
- Hereditary dz: Tay-sachs, Sickle-cell anemia, DS, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis

17. Descendants of Queen Victoria (1819- 1901) of England is believed to have

suffered from Hemophilia B, otherwise known as the Christmas disease.
Suppose that her affected son married her carrier daughter, what would be the
chances of having a normal child?

A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%

- Genetics. Punnett square. Affected son married a carrier daughter; the chances of
having anml child is 25%; chances of having affected offspring is 75%.

18. A few families in a very remote region show a high frequency of the blue
offspring. The skin of affected individuals appears bright blue due to lack of
diaphorase. Without diaphorase, a blue form of hemoglobin accumulates in the
blood. Which of the following agents of microevolution must have caused this?

A. Artificial selection
B. Natural selection
C. Genetic drift
D. Gene flow

Agents of Microevolution:
A. Artificial selection- is the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants
and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future
generations
B. Natural selection- only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to
survive & transmit their genetic characters in increasing numbers to succeeding
generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated.
C. Genetic drift- is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a
population due to random sampling of organisms. The alleles in the offspring are a
sample of those in the parents, and chance has a role in determining whether a
given individual survives and reproduce

6 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
D. Gene flow- the transfer of one gene from one population to another.

19. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds
between deoxyribose of one DNA fragment and the PO4of another DNA fragment?
A. Permease
B. DNA Ligase
C. Endonuclease
D. tRNASynthetase

Enzymes:
A. Permease: catalyzes the transport of another substance across a cell membrane
B. DNA ligase: forms phosphodiester bond, reaction between 3’-OH group & 5’-
monophosphate; connects two strands of DNA – deoxyribose of one DNA fragment
& the PO4 of another DNA fragment
C. Endonuclease: aka restriction enzyme; cleaves DNA at specific sites along the
molecule
D. tRNAsynthetase: attaches appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA

20. In the process of gene transfer, the DNA is transferred thought the donor
that is temporarily joined to the recipient. What must be present in the donor for
the process to occur?

A. Temperate phage
B. Lambada phage
C. R plasmid
D. F plasmid

Process of gene transfer: DNA is transferred through the donor that is temporarily
joined to the recipient. What must be present in the donor for the process to occur?
A. Temperate phage: bacteriophage which may become a prophage by integrating
w/ the host DNA or being extrachromosomal & establishing lysogeny.
B. Lambda phage: bacteriophage that infects the bacterial species E. coli
C. R plasmid: plasmid containing an abx resistance gene
D. F plasmid: correct answer; plasmid that contains genes necessary for fertility;
horizontal gene transfer via traoperan; contains genes that allow plasmids DNA to
be transferred between cells.

21. The following procedure was carried out in an experiment that tried to mass
produce a gene interest from a newly discovered Bacillus species. Which of these
steps allows the gene of interest to get inserted into the bacterial plasmid?

A. The pBR322 DNA and Bacillus DNA were isolated.

B. The pBR3322 DNA and Bacillus DNA were cut with BamH1.
C. The DNA ligase was added.
D. The recombinant plasmid was inserted into the host bacterium.

Bacteriophage: bacterial virus

 Viral replication

7 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
a. Lytic- viral RNAs proliferate to become fully functional viruses in each cell
until a cell ruptures/lyses & the army of virus will be released into the
environment.
b. Lysogeny- viruses combine w/ host’s genetic information; host can’t tell that
the virus is there; prophage; cont to replicate until the virus becomes active
& be released to the environment.
DNA ligase was added to allow the gene of interest to get inserted into the
bacterial plasmid.

22. A hemophiliac man marries a woman who is not hemophiliac. Their first son,
as well as their daughter, exhibited hemophilia. On the other hand, their third
offspring, a boy, and their youngest daughter did not exhibit the condition. Which
among the patterns of inheritance characterize hemophilia?

GENETICS:
A. Incomplete dominance: one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed
over its paired allele; results to 3rd phenotype in which the expressed physical trait
is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles; PINK FLOWERS from Genetics
class hehe
B. Codominance: AB blood type; both A allele & B allele are equally expressed
C. Sex-influenced inheritance: a traits affected by the sex of an individual (male
baldness)
D. Sex-linked inheritance: traits associated w/ genes found on sex chromosomes;
x-linked (color blindness)& y-linked traits (maleness)

23. What function do root hairs, lenticels, and pneumatophores have in common?

A. Exchange of gases
B. Absorption of nutrients
C. Maintenance of hydrostatic pressure
D. Anchorage of the plant to its substrate

Root hairs, Lenticels, Pneumatophores: Exchange of gases.

24. A forest that was greatly affected by forest fire became vast grassland. This is
an example of ecological succession. Which of the following is (are) the effects of
this succession to the previous organisms inhabiting the said ecosystem?

I. Most of the organisms will be gone or displaced since the new ecosystem is
not the same as the previous one.
II. Previous organisms will still be living there since it is their original habitat.
III. New organisms will invade the place.

A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only

8 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019

Ecological succession: Most of the organisms will be gone or displaced since the new
ecosystem is not the same as the previous one. New organisms will invade the place.

25. What stage of early mammalian development shows that cells can be removed
without damaging the development of the embryo?

A. Fetal stage
B. Neurulation stage
C. Gastrulation stage
D. Pre- gastrulation stage

Stage of early mammalian development shows that cells can be removed w/o
damaging the development of the embryo:
A. Fetal stage: stage between embryonic stage & birth
B. Neurulation stage: neural plate bends up & later fuses to form the hollow tube
that will eventually differentiate into brain & the spinal cord of the central nervous
system
C. Gastrulation stage: formation of the 3 primary germ layers
D. Pre-gastrulation stage: correct answer.

26. A pregnant woman has undergone a prenatal screening. It was found out that
the embryo has a genetic disorder named Trisonomy 21. Which of the following
would be the effect of this genetic disorder to the development of the child.

I. The child will have poor neurologic performance.

II. The child will experience lag in growth and development.
III. The child will reach puberty; however, viability has no assurance.

A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only

Trisomy 21: Down syndrome.

- The child will experience lag in growth & development.
- The child will reach puberty; however, viability has no assurance
- Trisomy 18: Edwards syndrome; Trisomy 13: Patau syndrome; Monosomy X:
Turner syndrome; 5p minus: Cri du chat syndrome (cries like a cat)

27. Which of the following developmental stages in annual plants is characterized

by fruits and seeds formation?

A. Reproductive
B. Ripening
C. Senescence
D. Vegetative

A. Reproductive: mature plants; capable of commencing production

9 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
B. Ripening: characterized by fruits & seeds formation
C. Senescence: process of aging in plants; degenerative process
D. Vegetative: period between germination & flowering; foliage & truly flourishes.

28. A teenager is observed to b physically “immature” than his perrs as manifested by his
short stature and weak bones. The doctor diagnosed him with pituitary tumor. He was
recommended to undergo treatment. To which hormone is he deficient?

A. Insulin
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Growth Hormone
D. Insulin- like growth factor 1

Dx’d w/ pituitary tumor; to which hormone ptis deficient?

A. Insulin: anabolic hormone; produced by pancreas to help cells absorb glucose
from blood stream; deficiency- DM
B. Glucocorticoids: fights inflammation; deficiency- glucose formation from protein
is depressed; blood sugar level falls; hyponatremia, hyperpigmentation
C. Growth hormone: aka somatotropin; stimulates growth, cell production & cell
regeneration; produced by pituitary gland; regulate body composition, body fluids,
muscle & bone growth; deficiency- physically “immature”; short stature & weak
bones
D. Insulin-like growth factor 1: aka Somatomedin; stimulate growth but also has
some ability to decr blood glucose level

29. What happens when the stomach of a person who refuses to eat regularly?

A. The stomach constricts and the storage capacity is decreased.

B. The stomach becomes basic since acid is not secreted.
C. Ulcers are formed because gastric juices digest the stomach lining.
D. The opening between the esophagus and the stomach permanently closes.

10 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019

A. An antigen is any substance which provokes an immune response in the body,

resulting in the production of antibodies.
B. Why is cigarette smoking bad for one’s overall health?
- When the alveoli of the lungs get damaged by tar & carcinogenic chemicals, the
exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide cannot take place anymore?
C. Lipids are hard to digest because they are water insoluble & must be emulsified
before absorption by the body.
D. Damaged cerebellum: Loss of coordination of motor movement.
E. Skin conditions:
A. Acne: follicles become plugged w/ oil & dead skin cells
B. Warts: cause by human papilloma virus; small, hard, benign growth on the skin
C. Rosacea: blush or flush more easily than other people; can cause more than
redness
D. Psoriasis: Autoimmune dz that causes raised, red, scaly patches to appear on the
skin; cells have an abnml growth rate hence the older layers only pile up instead
of sloughing off.
F. Because of incr’d external temperature, blood vessels dilated, allowing rush of
blood to the skin
G. When body temperature becomes higher than nml
- Sweat is produced
H. Modes of transmission of HIV:
- Contact w/ infected sexual fluids
- An infected mother who breastfeeds
I. Skin dz: (search for images para mas ma-describe yung condition)
A. Eczema: patches of skin become rough & inflamed, w/ blisters; flaky, skin crack,
etc.; overactive response by body’s immune system to an irritant
B. Impetigo: contagious; honey-colored crusts; caused by bacteria, infection
C. Psoriasis: Autoimmune dz that causes raised, red, scaly patches to appear on the
skin; cells have an abnml growth rate hence the older layers only pile up instead
of sloughing off; hyperproliferation of keratinocytes
D. Urticaria: aka hives; swollen, pale, red bumps or plaques on ksin that appears
suddenly; reaction to allergen
J. Folic acid daily before conception & during early pregnancy can prevent neural
tube defect (brain & spinal cord).
a. Microcephaly- head circumference is smaller than nml; can be caused by genetic
abnormalities, drugs, alcohol, certain viruses & toxins
b. Beta thalassemia- mutation in the hemoglobin beta (HBB) gene; can be prevented
by regular blood transfusions to lessen amount of stress on the heart
c. Congenital coronary heart dz- can be prevented by avoiding alcohol or
takingmedication
K. Eats food rich in carbohydrates but lack regular exercise:

11 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
- Liver might fail to function; thus, digestion of fast could be affected
L. Shortening of sarcomeres in muscle fibrils is caused by conformational
odifications of the trypomyosin-troponin complex w/in the muscle fiber (study
mechanism of muscle contraction)
M. Cerebellar lesion is suspected in a pt w/ h/o traumatic brain injury. Which of the
following tests could NOT initially verify this condition?
A. Gait test: analysis for locomotion.
B. Finger to nose test: pt w/ dysmetria is unable to touch the tip of his/her nose w/
his/her index finger (w/ tremors; lack of coordination)
C. Babinski reflex test: Occurs after the sole of foot has been firmly stroked; causing
extension of big toe while fanning the other toes; used to determine adequacy of
higher central nervous system
D. Rapid alternating finger movements test: test for upper extremity
- Cerebellar lesion will cause motor deficits; ataxia, unsteadiness or incoordination
of limbs, posture, & gait. Also, loss of coordination of motor movement (asynergia),
inability to judge distance & when to stop (dysmetria), inability to perform rapid
alternating movements (adiadochokinesia), movement tremors; ataxi gait.
N. Homologous structures of male & female reproductive system (diagrams)
A. Ovaries-Testes
B. Clitoris-Glans penis
C. Bartholin’s glands-Bulbourethral glands (accessory glands)
D. Labia majora-Scrotum
E. Labia minora-Spongy urethra
F. Clitoral hood-Foreskin
G. Skene’s gland-Prostate gland
H. Crura-crus of penis
O. Hormones & its function:
- Oxytocin : “cuddle hormone”, “love hormone” because it is released when people
snuggle up or bond socially; stimulates uterine muscles to contract during child
birth
- Luteneizing hormone: regulating the function of the testes in men & ovaries in
women
- Estrogen: sex hormone that women have
- Progesterone: plays a role in menstrual cycle; sex hormone
P. Statements on contractions of a skeletal muscle is false: A nerve impulse is
transmitted from the brain to the muscle; should be from motor neuron
These are true statements:
a. Muscle fibers has many mitochondria
b. Acetylcholine us released at the end of the motor neuron
c. ATP is used to make a thin filament slide across the thick filaments of the
sarcomeres; thereby causing them to contract
Q. Graph, illustration, etc. interp
- Industrialization has bad effects to the environment
R. Environmental impact includes possible effects caused by development, industrial,
or infrastructural project or by release of substance in the environment
S. Decomposers. Energy flow.
- Producers -> primary consumer -> secondary consumer -> decomposers
T. Mortality rate is low for the young. Understand/analyze graphs.

12 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019
U. Best support evidence from paleontology about evolutionary relationships among
species
A. Ecological genetics: genetics in natural field populations; between & w/in species;
between organism & environment
B. Molecular genetics: Structure & function of genes at a molecular level
C. Molecular biology: study of biology at molecular level; cellular molecules.
D. Population genetics: provides deepest & clearest understanding of how
evolutionary change occurs as per Science direct 
E. Paleontology: branch of science that deals w/ fossil animals & plants

13 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”
 RATIONALE NMAT Reviewer 2019

14 “Ask and it will be given. Seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be opened. For everyone who asks
receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened.”