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Theoretically, deionized water has a pH value of 5.5. If the deionized water is left
exposed to the atmosphere, the pH value could change and this will cause the pH value to
change, which will rise to 7.00 (Dannemann, 2003). Based on the experiment, the initial pH
value for the deionised water obtained was 5.77. This shows that the deionised water has been
well preserved.
Based on the experiment of preparation of buffer solution that had been conducted, in the
part (a) preparation of the buffer solution, the buffer solution was prepared by mixing 0.1 M of
citric acid solution, the buffer agent’s form (HA) with 0.1 M of sodium citrate solution, its
conjugate base (A-). The initial pH value of buffer solution that was calculated using the
Henderson–Hasselbalch equation and obtained by pH is 5. From the equation the value of
conjugated base was 1.6982 mole and acid was 9.2634 x 10-3 mole. After get the mole citrate
acid (HA) and conjugate base (A-) which is sodium citrate. From the calculation of mole can
calculated the volume of mole citrate acid (HA) and conjugate base (A-). The value are 157 mL
citrate acid (HA) and 92.7 mL conjugate base (A-).
From the experiment, firstly, 50 mL of the buffer solution was added into the strong acid,
1.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl in the 250 mL beaker. The pH value obtained is 4.58 which meant the
buffer solution has turn into acid solution. Next, at the same time, another 50 mL of the buffer
solution was also added into strong base, the pH value obtained is 4.98. From the result, it could
be obviously seen as the buffer solution was turned into strong acid and weak base solutions as
the strong acid and strong base was added respectively because the pH value was in the range of
1-6.
The buffer solutions that consisted of a weak acid and its conjugate base also appeared to
tolerate changes in the pH value when acid or base was applied, 4.58 and 4.98, respectively, due
to the fact that adding H+ had a little effect because it was absorbed. The initial buffer pH was
4.76 where the pH value difference was only between 0.18 and -0.22 which could be considered
small in modifications. The buffer solution's characteristics and process could be seen even
though the pH value of the buffer solution obtained was different from that calculation. The
deionized water solutions did not, however, appear to tolerate changes in the pH value when acid
or base was applied.
The procedure above was repeated by using deionized water. From the experiment,
firstly, 50 mL of the deionized water solution was added with the strong acid, 1.0 mL of 1.0 M
HCl in the 250 mL beaker where the pH value changed from 5.77 to 1.80. It showed the
difference occurred was 3.97 where it could be considered as quite large of the difference. Next,
at the same time, another 50 mL of the buffer solution was also added with strong base, 1.0 mL
of 1.0 M NaOH in the other 250 mL beaker, the pH value changed from 5.77 to 11.30. The
difference also could be considered as quite large which 5.53.
The objective of this experiment is to prepare buffer solutions and test the effects of
added acid or base upon the pH and to review acid-base chemistry and calculation. Through this
experiment buffer solution was prepared and reacted with the acid and base to study the efficacy.
The result from that was compared to earlier experiments where the acid and base with the buffer
solution were reacted. From the obtained result, it can be inferred that the pH value is influenced
by the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) or Hydroxyl ions (OH-) present in the solutions. In
addition, in our analysis of the efficacy of the buffer solution, the explanation behind it is due to
the weak acid ratio and its [ A-]/[HA ] conjugate base which consists of the solution. The more
molecules A- and HA are available, the less an effect a strong acid or base adds will have on a
system's pH. One can say this experiment as successful. As the recommendation, it must first be
washed before any tool is used. This is for ensuring that the system is safe from contamination.
The cleaning processes also need to take care of the pH electrode during handling because this is
a must, too, to get a good pH value.
Tutorial
1. Describe how you would prepare a (CH3CO2H / CH3CO2) buffer with a pH of 5.2 given that
the pKa (CH3CO2H / CH3CO2) is 4.76.
-Find the mole ratio of CH3CO2H / CH3CO2- using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The
calculation as follows:
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂2 ]
pH=pKa + lo𝑔
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂2 𝐻]
[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂 ]
lo𝑔 [𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂 2 = pH - pKa equation 1
3 2 𝐻]
pH = 5.2 equation 3
[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂 ]
lo𝑔 [𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂 2 = 5.2- 4.76
3 2 𝐻]
[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂 ]
lo𝑔 [𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂 2𝐻]= 0.44 equation 4
3 2
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂2 𝐻]
= 100.44
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂2 ]
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂2 𝐻]
= 2.754 equation 5
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂2 ]
0.25
𝑛𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂2 𝐻 =3.754
Weight both of the citric acid and sodium acetate and put it inside the 250 ml volumetric
flask.
Then add distilled water into the volumetric flask till neck of flask. Dissolve the acid and
salt.
Add the distilled water till calibration mark.
2 . What is buffer capacity? What determines the capacity of a buffer?
Buffer capacity is the ability of buffer solution to resist pH changes. Buffer capacity
increases as the molar concentration of acid or salt increases. The buffer capacity also
increases as the pH is closer to pKa. The buffer capacity is expressed as the molar
concentration of sodium hydroxide required to increase the pH by 1.
References
Dannemann, C. (2003). Methods for pH measurement in D.I. water. Retrieved from
https://www.finishing.com/25/76.shtml