Problem 9.

2 Optimum Insulation Thickness

Input Data
−2 W W
kins := 5 • 10 ho := 11.4
s• m 2
s• m
Tstm := 480 K Tsurr := 295 K

6 J
H v := 1.912 • 10 Heat of Vaporization of Sat.Stm. at 480 K
kg
L := 300 m Do := 0.273 m

dollars dollars
cstm := 0.004
kg
( )
Install_Cost It := 180 • It
m
Annual Fixed Costs

( )
AFC It := 300 • Install_Cost It • 0.20 ( )
Annual Steam Cost
Use heat resistances to determine overall h.t. coefficient as function of I t. Neglect
resistance except for insulation and outer film. First express the areas involved:
2 2
( ) (
A o It := • Do + 2 • It • L m ) ( )
A m It := .5 • Do + Do + 2 • It 
  m ( )
( ( )
ho • A o It • kins • A m It ( )) W
( )
UAo It :=
( )
kins • A m It + It • ho • A o It ( ) K
from rearranging overall resistance
from individual resistances.

( ) ( ) (
q It := UAo It • Tstm − Tsurr ) W

q ( It ) kg
mstm It ( ) :=
Hv s

( ) ( )
ASC It := mstm It • cstm • 3600 • 24 • 365 Annual Steam Cost

Total Annual Cost

dollars
( ) ( )
TAC It := AFC It + ASC It ( ) y
It := 0.001 , 0.002 .. 0.01 Define a range of values for plotting

180

160
Annual Cost ($)

140
( )
TAC It
120

100

80
−3 −3
0 4× 10 8× 10 0.012
It

j := 1 , 2 .. 10 Insulation (m)

TABLE
j,1
:= 0.001 + ( j − 1) • 0.001 TABLE
j,2 (
:= TAC TABLE
j,1 )
It TAC

1 2
1 1?0 -3 177.242
2 2?0 -3 105.318
3 3?0 -3 88.459
4 4?0 -3 85.413
TABLE = 5 5?0 -3 87.9
6 6?0 -3 93.156
7 7?0 -3 99.995
8 8?0 -3 107.824
9 9?0 -3 116.312
10 0.01 125.263