TBC (Tuberculosis)

a. What is Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(MTB) bacteria. This bacterium forms rods and is acid resistant so it is known as Acid
Resistant Rod (BTA). This bacterium was first discovered by Robert Koch on March 24,
1882, so it is called Baksil Koch. In fact, tuberculosis in the lungs is called konch pulmonum
(KP).

Bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be transmitted through sputum that comes out
when coughing, sneezing or talking. Because of its transmission through inhaled air when
approved, it is estimated that one person succeeding in TB that is not approved will be
transmitted to 10-15 people each year.

b. TB characteristics and factors

Symptoms of tuberculosis cough, loss of appetite, fever and cold sweat at night, coughing
up blood, lack of energy, chest pain, and long-standing cough with around 21 days.

TB is easy to fight the immune system is on the decline. But, not infrequently the immune
system fails to fight and protect against tuberculosis because the immune system also
fluctuates quickly because of finding factors. And usually, even though it has been eradicated
by the immune system, this bacillus can also remain active. Well, this condition is called
latent TB.
 Meanwhile, if this Basil TB develops causing damage to lung tissue, it will then cause
a condition called active TB.

supporting factors for pulmonary tuberculosis

a. age
Pulmonary TB attacks anyone, even children, pulmonary TB patients in developing
countries younger than 50 years. WHO data show TB cases in 15-29 years
b. gender
TB attacks adults and children. TB attacks several women of childbearing age.
WHO shows that there are 900 million women worldwide affected by TB and 1 million of
them died
c. nutritional status
Nutritional status is one of the factors that determine the function of the entire
immune system. the immune system is needed by humans to prevent infections caused by
microorganisms
d. Behavior
Behavioral factors also affect healing and how to prevent the spread of
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacteria.
e. Living environment
the spread of TB one of which is a dirty environment

f. Socio-economic conditions
most TB sufferers come from poor people. Mortality from TB is a developing
country
g. the region
the risk of infection and the development of tuberculosis depends on the state of
infection in the community
The groups included in the TB group are:
1) Active smoker

From the research also obtained data that says there are more than 50 percent of TB
patients who are smokers, this may be caused by smoking causing the same symptoms with
tuberculosis such as coughing. So there is often a delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis among
smokers compared to nonsmokers.
 2) Drug users and other illicit drugs

Three children of singer Elvy Sukaesih along with her son-in-law became suspects
because of drug possession cases. They are Ali Zaenal Abidin (47 years), Syehan (46 years),
Dhawiya Zaida (32 years), and his son-in-law, Chauri Gita (30 years).
if a person takes drugs, his immune system will decrease so that the ability to fight bacteria
will be reduced. Finally, drug users are more susceptible to TB
3) Often associated with active TB sufferers

People who have long-term contact, are of frequent frequency, or are always
different from TB sufferers, are at high risk of participating, with an estimated infection rate
of around 22%. Everyone with active Tuberculosis and not getting treatment can infect 10-15
(or more) others each year

4) People who have weak endurance

People who have high endurance and good nutrition, this disease will not appear
and TB bacteria will "sleep".
However, those who increase nutritional deficiencies, decrease immunity, or
continue to breathe in air containing TB bacteria increase a bad environment, will make it
easier for TB (to become 'active TB') or can also help TB bacteria that "sleeping" in the body
can reactivate (reactivate)
 5) People with HIV / AIDS

When someone is exposed to latent TB, the TB bacteria has eaten away at the lungs. To
ensure that HIV sufferers avoid TB, he has to check this every year. If the patient is HIV
positive for TB, he needs routine treatment.

c. how to prevent tuberculosis

TB can indeed be cured with the right care and appropriately treated. In
general, TB treatment is currently done by giving several types of antibiotics to users
with the right dose, as well as within a certain period of time.

The vaccine is also given as an approved step. This vaccine is called BCG (Bacillus
Calmette-Guerin). The treatment steps taken are very important, because they can
pose the following risks:
1) Menigitis

Meningitis is inflammation that occurs in meningen, which is a protective

layer that covers the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is sometimes difficult to
recognize, because this disease has early symptoms associated with flu, such as
fever and headaches.Meningitis can be caused by many things, such as bacterial,
viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. Certain conditions, such as a decrease in the
body's immune system, can also overcome the opposition to meningitis.All
approved age groups are infected with meningitis, including infants. If meningitis
is not in accordance with the agreement, then this problem can get worse and
complicated such as seizures and kidney failure.
2) Joint damage
3)

One of the diseases that can attack the bone and is quite dangerous is bone
tuberculosis. Tuberculosis or commonly known as tuberculosis is a disease caused
by mycrobacterium tuberculosis. Maybe all this time we know the term TB for
respiratory diseases that attack the lungs only. But it turns out that TB can not
only attack the human respiratory system, but also human bones. This disease
came to be known as bone TB. Bone TB can be a dangerous disease. However, if
approved and done properly, patients can be cured.

4) back pain

TB or tuberculosis (TB) of the spine is also known by the name of Pott's

disease, namely tuberculosis that occurs outside the lungs, where it affects the
spine. This disease commonly infects the spine in the lower thoracic (back chest)
area and upper lumbar vertebrae (back waist), resulting in back pain.

drugs given by doctors for TB sufferers are:

1. Isoniazid
2. Rifampicin
3. Pyrazinamide
4. Ethambutol
 The way to prevent TBC

1. Close your mouth when coughing and sneezing

TB is transmitted through sputum and saliva that comes out of the mouth. So,
people with TB must close their mouth when sneezing or coughing. However, do not keep
your mouth shut by cupping your hands. Germs can move into your hands and then move
again to other people when you shake hands or hold them.

2. Don't spit or expectorate carelessly!

If you want to expel phlegm or spit, do it in the bathroom. Flush your saliva until it
rinses clean. If the situation and conditions do not allow you to go to the nearest bathroom,
spit in a ditch or river water.

3. Avoid direct contact with children

As much as possible, avoid completely or direct contact with infants, toddlers, or

children, because their immune system is still strong and easily weak

4. Let the sunlight into the room

Germs that cause TB generally survive in free air for one to two hours, depending
on the presence or absence of exposure to sunlight, humidity, and ventilation. In dark, humid,
and cold conditions, TB germs can last for days - even months.
However, TB bacteria can die immediately if exposed to direct sunlight. So, open
your windows and curtains when the weather is sunny. Let the sun into the room to
kill TB germs that may live in your home.

Conclusion:

Thus, that tuberculosis (TB) was caused by the presence of tuberculosis

Mikobacterium bacteria. Therefore, to prevent transmission of this disease should
maintain personal and environmental hygiene. Tuberculosis is also a disease that
must be treated very quickly quickly, one of which can use medical treatment

1) DEVITA PABASSING
2) AYUDHIA CHAERANI
3) AHMAD FAUZAN