Key Terms:

Efficiency is the wise use of resources to achieve a goal.

Effectiveness means choosing and successfully implementing the correct goals.

Non-managerial employee is a production role with little or no supervision over other people.

Team leader facilitates team goals and objectives. The team leader generally has little formal
managerial power.

Front-line (or First line) managers make short te~ operating decisions while supervising non-
managerial employees.

Middle managers implement strategies and goals from top management. They also supervise
first line managers.

Top managers are senior executives who deal with long-term strategy and objectives.

Technical skill, in Katz's Three Skills model, is the expertise necessary to be proficient with
methods and processes to run front-line operations.

People skill (see Human Skill).

Human skill, in Katz's Three Skills model, is the ability to motivate and work with people. It is
the ability to lead and manage a team.

Conceptual skill, in Katz's Three Skills model, is the ability to see the big picture.

Managerial roles, according to Mintzberg, include interpersonal roles, informational roles, and
decisional roles.

Interpersonal role is one of Mintzberg's managerial roles. It is when a manager acts as the
figurehead of the organization, the leader of the group, or a liaison developing networks.

Informational role is one of Mintzberg's managerial roles. This is when managers monitor and
disseminate information through the organization.

Decisional roles is one of Mintzberg's managerial roles. It includes entrepreneur, disturbance

handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.

Four functions of,!,anagement include planning, leading organizing, and controlling

Planning - As one of the four functions of management, planning consists of identifying and
selecting goals and the means to achieve them.

35
Leading - As one of the four functions of management, leading involves motivating and
influencing others to accomplish goals.

Organizing - As one of the four functions of management, organizing consists of arranging

resources to accomplish goals.

Controlling - As one of the four functions of management, controlling is monitoring progress

toward goal attainment.

Compartmentalized model of leadership in management is a traditional view of one of the four

functions which includes planning, leading, organizing, and controlling. Leadership is reduced
to motivating employees to carry out management's plans.

Pervasive model of leadership, leadership fundamentally alters how managers plan, lead,
organize, and control the organization. This model elevates leadership to its rightful place as co-
equal with management.

MI>-Vl.Oc ~t
Le~~h ' e
..--
~(C.C\",,~
f'(<<:~\1~~ 5
~c.\o,\(~
C"'-c...n"....
Q\,"," \'\ \ j
<\.
v,,,,\cYyJ
(Xl )2ew.o '.{\, oW.
e ~ .-01 \. -" I
trf\
\"'S~I" 111'1

\M~~~(

36