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base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
218.432 kN-m
218.432 kN-m
179.326 kN-m
49.454 kN-m
6.309E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
4700√fc'
Assume value of Ec ( ranges from to )
1
1.
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
c = 𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
(�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I1 =
(�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
I2 =
�_𝑔+�_1+�_2
Itr, uncracked =
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
ø =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 49.454
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 123.419
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 11083219260
(𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
𝑐/2)^2
x1 123.418725
Ig =
x2 -227.504174 n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
c 123.418725 I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
I2 =
𝑀_𝑐�/
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�)
ø = (𝐸_𝑐 ) ) =
ctr, cr = 123.419 mm
Itr, cr = 9.034E+08 mm4
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ec = 29580.4 MPa
ℇ_𝑠=ℇ_𝑦
Solve for Steel Strain at Yield Point,
.1
1
3.
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
ℇ_𝑦/
((𝑑−𝑐) )
øy =
.1
2
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
3.
𝐸_𝑐
= 0.000828
�_𝑐/
3.
𝑐
ø0.7fy =
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
3.
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
M0.7fc' =
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 420
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 69.29983795
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
𝑓_𝑠=𝑓_𝑠^′=𝑓_𝑦 �_𝑠>�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ >�_𝑦
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦
0.85𝑓𝑐^′Compression = Tension
𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Singly:
Doubly:
𝑐=𝑎/�
Doubly a =
a 26.37243833 =
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Check for Strain:
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain at yield point
If Assumptions 𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′
are Correct: 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
Doubly:
Singly Mn = 0
Mn 88.10373638
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
= 0
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
a 7140 c =
b -29452.4311 a =
c -36815538.9
D 1.05232E+12
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Check for Strain:
x1 73.89905849
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
x2 -69.7740681 Strain at yield point
c 73.89905849
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Bars
Mn =
MN 218.393479
Check for ø:
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu =
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 = фMn
= 0
Curvature
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦
Assumptions are Wrong
3
Assume all steel do not yield and
4.
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_
Singly:
Singly Doubly:
a 7140
b 883572.9338 a=�𝑐
c -342384512 c =
=
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Check for Strain:
D 1.05592E+13 �_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
x -289.430366
Strain at yield point
x 165.6806557
c 165.6806557 �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
base,b 300
Strain of Compression Steel
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
If Assumptions are Correct:
Doubly
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
a 7140 Singly:
b 1443414.562
c -379200051 Doubly:
D 1.29134E+13
x1 -352.726637 Mn = 0
x2 150.5677349
c 150.5677349 Check for ø:
For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
=
Mu ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 фMn
=
Doubly = 0
Mn 0
Curvature
𝑓_𝑠>𝑓_𝑦 ; �_𝑠>�_𝑦
Assumption On The Compression Steel Is Wrong
4
Doubly:
a=�𝑐
c =
=
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Check for Strain:
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
fc' 35
Strain of Compression Steel
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Assumptions are Correct: 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Doubly:
b -58659.4253
c -36815538.9 Mn = 218.432
D 1.05489E+12
x1 -67.8165462 Check for ø:
x2 76.03215195 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 76.03215195
For Strainformula < 0.002
Doubly
=
Mu ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
фMn
Mn
= 196.589
Curvature
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; �_𝑠<�_𝑦
Compression = Tension
Doubly:
a=�𝑐
c =
=
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Check for Strain:
b 300 �_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
fc' 35
Strain at yield point
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Assumptions are Correct: 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Singly
Doubly
Doubly Mn = 0
a 7140
b 1266699.975 Check for ø:
c -342384512 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 1.1383E+13
x1 -324.970215 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 147.5612552
C 147.5612552 Therefore use ø: 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Mu = фMn
0
=
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
PART 2
CASE 4
CASE 5
CASE 6
CASE 1
fs' = 106.788
Case 2
fs' = 106.7876
Case 3
fs' = 106.7876
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 420 MPa
Therefore, β =
new fs = 519.18535419
Moment - Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.711E-06 rad/mm 3.946E-05 rad/mm
√fc'
= 29580.399 Mpa
y (n)
6.76
149140.1957 mm2
= 228.081 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 2.156E+08 mm4
𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
= 1.551E+08 mm4
+�_1+�_2
= 2.650E+09 mm4
4.141 MPa
= 49.454 kN-m
= 6.309E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
123.419 mm
ent of Inertia
= 187993644 mm4
= 694372222 mm4
= 20990221.52 mm4
9.034E+08 mm4
1.851E-06 rad/mm
0.0021
ℇ_𝑦/
((𝑑−𝑐) )
= 5.419E-06 rad/mm
y
�_𝑦 (𝐸_𝑠 )(�_(𝑡�,
𝑐�) )
= 979.121 kN-m
𝑓_𝑐=0.7𝑓_𝑐′
ves Non-Linearly,
0.000828
�_𝑐/
𝑐
= 6.711E-06 rad/mm
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
�_𝑠>�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ >�_𝑦
and
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦
85𝑓𝑐^′Compression = Tension
𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
26.372 mm
32.966 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0021
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
ormula > 0.005 = 0.9
< fs/ Es > 0.002
=
ormula < 0.002 = 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
esion = Tension
73.899 mm
59.119 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0021
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0127309176 (Ok!)
0 kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
0.9
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦 �_𝑠<�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
and
1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
ion = Tension
(600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
ormula > 0.005 = 0.9
< fs/ Es > 0.002
=
ormula < 0.002 = 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
Is Wrong
and compression steel do not yield
2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
ion = Tension
76.032 mm
60.826 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0021
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0.0122895843 (Ok!)
= 5.339E-04 (Ok!)
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
= 0.9
=
= 0.65
kN-m
3.946E-05 rad/mm
<𝑓_𝑦 ; �_𝑠<�_𝑦 𝑓_𝑠′>𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ >�_𝑦
ion = Tension
0 mm
0 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0
= 0
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
= 0.9
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
Curvature
6.309E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
3.946E-05 218.432
75.30144
BEAM PROP
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
150.552 kN-m
150.552 kN-m
153.633 kN-m
47.428 kN-m
6.222E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 5656.078 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 13275.65199
Mcr = 47.428
c -5144315.15
D 6349421111
x1 110.6793382
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -22.1312388
c 110.6793382
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 6637.826
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 104.567
a 300
b 24587.80857
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -5851324.93
D 7626150249
x1 104.5667058 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -186.526068
c 104.5667058 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ctr, cr = 104.567 mm
Itr, cr = 6.557E+08 mm4
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ec = 29580.4 MPa
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
ℇ_𝑦/
øy = ((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 420
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 46.19989196
As1 = 981.7477
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Singly: 0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Doubly a =
a 3.272492347 𝑐=𝑎/� =
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Singly Mn = 0
Mn 11.26992042
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
Compresion = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
a 7140 c =
b 176714.5868 a =
c -36815538.9
D 1.08268E+12
Check for Strain:
x1 60.49050671
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
x2 -85.2404488 Strain at yield point
c 60.49050671
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Bars
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Top Bars
Mn =
MN 150.5520566
Check for ø:
Mu = фMn
= 135.4969
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assumptions are Wrong
Assume all steel do not yield 𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
3
4.
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly:
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_
Singly Doubly:
a 7140
b 589048.6225
c -228256341 c =
a=�𝑐 =
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
Mu = фMn
Doubly = 0
Mn 0 ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
fc' 35 �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
Assumptions are Correct:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Doubly:
b 147507.5926
c -36815538.9 Mn = 0.000
D 1.07321E+12
x1 -82.8757858 Check for ø:
x2 62.21645914 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 62.21645914
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Doubly
Mu = фMn
Mn
= 0.000
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
fc' 35
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Doubly Mn = 0
a 7140
b 972175.6641 Check for ø:
c -228256341 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 7.46413E+12
x1 -259.399933 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 123.2408768
C 123.2408768 Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
0
=
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
PART 2
case 4
fs = 547.78816 79.4499243703
case 5
fs = 1088.9417 157.9375807842
case 6
fs = 811.86754 117.7513847278
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 420 MPa
Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
2.445E-06 rad/mm 7.921E-06 rad/mm 4.959E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
146312.1566 mm2
= 225.000 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.278E+09 mm4
= 1.494E+08 mm4
= 47.428 kN-m
= 6.222E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
6637.826 mm
5656.078 mm
104.567 mm
ent of Inertia
= 114335285 mm4
= 531366261 mm4
= 10009039.89 mm4
6.557E+08 mm4
2.445E-06 rad/mm
0.0021
ℇ_𝑦/
= 5.419E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
0.000828
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 7.921E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 153.633 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
85𝑓𝑐^′
3.272 mm
4.091 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.2811870664 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= -0.0428366236 (Not Ok!)
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
esion = Tension
𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
60.491 mm
48.392 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0162178916 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 9.9659933E-05 (Ok!)
150.5520566 kN-m
=
0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
4.95946E-05 rad/mm
�_𝑠<�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
ion = Tension
1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
(600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
Is Wrong
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
and compression steel do not yield
ion = Tension
2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
0.000 mm
0.000 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0.000E+00 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0.000E+00 rad/mm
ion = Tension
2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
= 0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
2 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
-25mmø
Curvature
6.222E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
4.959E-05 150.552
BEAM PROP
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
218.238 kN-m
218.238 kN-m
165.076 kN-m
47.853 kN-m
6.500E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 0.000 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 47.853
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 0.000
doubly c = 130.588
a 300
b 19913.47798
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -196.966705
c 130.588445 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ctr, cr = 130.588 mm
Itr, cr = 8.799E+08 mm4
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ec = 29580.4 MPa
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
ℇ_𝑦/
øy = ((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 420
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 69.29983795
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 0
d = 387.5
d' = 0
Compression = Tension
Singly: 0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Doubly a =
a 69.29983795 𝑐=𝑎/� =
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Singly Mn = 218.2381
Mn 218.2381469
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Mu = фMn
= 196.4143
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
Compresion = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
a 7140 c =
b -618501.054 a =
c 0
D 3.82544E+11
Check for Strain:
x1 86.62479743
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
x2 0 Strain at yield point
c 86.62479743
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Bars
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Top Bars
----
---
Mn =
MN 0
Check for ø:
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assumptions are Wrong
Assume all steel do not yield 𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
3
4.
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly:
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_
Singly Doubly:
a 7140
b 883572.9338
c -342384512 c =
a=�𝑐 =
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
Mu = фMn
Doubly = 0
Mn 0 ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
fc' 35 �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
Assumptions are Correct:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Doubly:
b -618501.054
c 0 Mn = 0.000
D 3.82544E+11
x1 0 Check for ø:
x2 86.62479743 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 86.62479743
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Doubly
Mu = фMn
Mn
= 0.000
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
fc' 35
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Doubly Mn = 0
a 7140
b 883572.9338 Check for ø:
c -342384512 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 1.05592E+13
x1 -289.430366 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 165.6806557
C 165.6806557 Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
0
=
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
PART 2
case 4
fs = 508.0432 73.6854069935
case 5
fs = 1025.6311 148.7551624219
case 6
fs = 804.77864 116.7232278969
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 0 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 420 MPa
Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
1.839E-06 rad/mm 6.342E-06 rad/mm 3.463E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
143484.1174 mm2
= 234.609 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.291E+09 mm4
= 1.983E+08 mm4
= 47.853 kN-m
= 6.500E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
0.000 mm
130.588 mm
ent of Inertia
= 222696941 mm4
= 657180091 mm4
= 0 mm4
8.799E+08 mm4
1.839E-06 rad/mm
0.0021
ℇ_𝑦/
= 5.419E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
0.000828
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 6.342E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 165.076 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
85𝑓𝑐^′
69.300 mm
86.625 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0104199448 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
3.46321E-05 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
esion = Tension
𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
0.000 mm
0.000 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
----
---
0 kN-m
=
0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
�_𝑠<�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
ion = Tension
1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
(600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
Is Wrong
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
and compression steel do not yield
ion = Tension
2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
0.000 mm
0.000 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0.000E+00 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0.000E+00 rad/mm
ion = Tension
2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
= 0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
0 0 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
moved
Curvature
6.500E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
3.463E-05 218.238
BEAM PROP
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
150.552 kN-m
150.552 kN-m
179.326 kN-m
49.454 kN-m
6.309E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 49.454
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 123.419
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 11083219260
x1 123.418725 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -227.504174
c 123.418725 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ctr, cr = 123.419 mm
Itr, cr = 9.034E+08 mm4
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 280 MPa
Ec = 29580.4 MPa
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
ℇ_𝑦/
øy = ((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 280
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 46.19989196
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Singly: 0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Doubly a =
a 18.67245634 𝑐=𝑎/� =
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Singly Mn = 0
Mn 63.02162517
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
Compresion = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
a 7140 c =
b 176714.5868 a =
c -36815538.9
D 1.08268E+12
Check for Strain:
x1 60.49050671
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
x2 -85.2404488 Strain at yield point
c 60.49050671
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Bars
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Top Bars
Mn =
MN 150.5520566
Check for ø:
Mu = фMn
= 135.4969
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assumptions are Wrong
Assume all steel do not yield 𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
3
4.
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly:
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_
Singly Doubly:
a 7140
b 883572.9338
c -342384512 c =
a=�𝑐 =
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
Mu = фMn
Doubly = 0
Mn 0 ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
fc' 35 �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
Assumptions are Correct:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Doubly:
b 147507.5926
c -36815538.9 Mn = 0.000
D 1.07321E+12
x1 -82.8757858 Check for ø:
x2 62.21645914 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 62.21645914
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Doubly
Mu = фMn
Mn
= 0.000
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
fc' 35
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Doubly Mn = 0
a 7140
b 1129255.297 Check for ø:
c -342384512 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 1.10537E+13
x1 -311.90257 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 153.7435646
C 153.7435646 Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
0
=
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
PART 2
case 4
fs = 547.78816 79.4499243703
case 5
fs = 1088.9417 157.9375807842
case 6
fs = 811.86754 117.7513847278
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 280 MPa
Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.711E-06 rad/mm 4.959E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
149140.1957 mm2
= 228.081 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 2.156E+08 mm4
= 49.454 kN-m
= 6.309E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
123.419 mm
ent of Inertia
= 187993644 mm4
= 694372222 mm4
= 20990221.52 mm4
9.034E+08 mm4
1.851E-06 rad/mm
0.0014
ℇ_𝑦/
= 3.613E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
0.000828
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 6.711E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 179.326 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
85𝑓𝑐^′
18.672 mm
23.341 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0014
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0468059807 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= -0.0050332227 (Not Ok!)
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
esion = Tension
𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
60.491 mm
48.392 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0014
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0162178916 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 9.9659933E-05 (Ok!)
150.5520566 kN-m
=
0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
4.95946E-05 rad/mm
�_𝑠<�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
ion = Tension
1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
(600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
Is Wrong
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
and compression steel do not yield
ion = Tension
2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
0.000 mm
0.000 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0.000E+00 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0.000E+00 rad/mm
ion = Tension
2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
= 0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
ade 40
Curvature
6.309E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
4.959E-05 150.552
BEAM PROP
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
221.533 kN-m
221.533 kN-m
206.500 kN-m
53.330 kN-m
6.300E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 7616.596 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5077.731 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 18178.43515
Mcr = 53.330
c -7044143.62
D 8783427849
x1 125.9025143
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -30.3026283
c 125.9025143
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9089.218
(n-1)As2 = 5077.731
doubly c = 119.589
a 300
b 28333.89651
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -7678859.96
D 10017441638
x1 119.5887895 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -214.035111
c 119.5887895 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ctr, cr = 119.589 mm
Itr, cr = 8.400E+08 mm4
fc' = 42 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ec = 32403.7 MPa
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
ℇ_𝑦/
øy = ((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000907
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 420
fc' = 42
Singly β = 0.75
a 57.74986496
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Singly: 0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Doubly a =
a 22.52244733 𝑐=𝑎/� =
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Singly Mn = 0
Mn 90.75459104
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
Compresion = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
a 8032.5 c =
b -29452.4311 a =
c -36815538.9
D 1.18375E+12
Check for Strain:
x1 69.55838874
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
x2 -65.8917307 Strain at yield point
c 69.55838874
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Bars
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Top Bars
Mn =
MN 221.3592513
Check for ø:
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assumptions are Wrong
Assume all steel do not yield 𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
3
4.
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly:
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_
Singly Doubly:
a 8032.5
b 883572.9338
c -342384512 c =
a=�𝑐 =
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
Mu = фMn
Doubly = 0
Mn 0 ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
fc' 42 �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
b 300
Doubly
a 8032.5
Assumptions are Correct:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Doubly:
b -64500.8242
c -36815538.9 Mn = 221.533
D 1.18704E+12
x1 -63.8042011 Check for ø:
x2 71.83418233 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 71.83418233
For Strainformula < 0.002
Doubly
Mu = фMn
Mn
= 199.379
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
fc' 42
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Doubly Mn = 0
a 8032.5
b 1260858.577 Check for ø:
c -342384512 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 1.25906E+13
x1 -299.357555 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 142.3879223
C 142.3879223 Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
0
=
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
PART 2
Case 4
fs = 525.55125 76.2247343521
Case 5
fs = 1062.9745 154.1713591851
Case 6
fs = 809.67378 117.4332071954
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 42 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 420 MPa
Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
1.959E-06 rad/mm 7.587E-06 rad/mm 4.176E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.17
147694.3267 mm2
= 227.793 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 1.943E+08 mm4
= 53.330 kN-m
= 6.300E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9089.218 mm
5077.731 mm
119.589 mm
ent of Inertia
= 171029651 mm4
= 652391468 mm4
= 16548983.8 mm4
8.400E+08 mm4
1.959E-06 rad/mm
0.0021
ℇ_𝑦/
= 5.419E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
0.000907
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 7.587E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 206.500 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
85𝑓𝑐^′
22.522 mm
30.030 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0357113792 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= -0.0032437708 (Not Ok!)
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
esion = Tension
𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
69.558 mm
52.169 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.013712578 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
= -0.0003044229 (Not Ok!)
0 kN-m
=
0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
�_𝑠<�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
ion = Tension
1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
(600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
Is Wrong
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
and compression steel do not yield
ion = Tension
2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
71.834 mm
53.876 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0131831034 (Ok!)
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 3.898E-04 (Ok!)
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
4.176E-05 rad/mm
ion = Tension
2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
= 0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.75
to 42 Mpa
Curvature
6.300E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
4.176E-05 221.533
BEAM PROP
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
223.633 kN-m
223.633 kN-m
210.741 kN-m
63.427 kN-m
6.288E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 180000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 400
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 63.427
c -7716472.72
D 12742902955
x1 116.2137366
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -24.8958485
c 116.2137366
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 111.242
a 400
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 14452612262
x1 111.2417292 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -189.305816
c 111.2417292 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ctr, cr = 111.242 mm
Itr, cr = 9.569E+08 mm4
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ec = 29580.4 MPa
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
ℇ_𝑦/
øy = ((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 420
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 51.97487846
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Singly: 0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Doubly a =
a 19.77932875 𝑐=𝑎/� =
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Singly Mn = 0
Mn 88.8796597
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
Compresion = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
a 9520 c =
b -29452.4311 a =
c -36815538.9
D 1.4028E+12
Check for Strain:
x1 63.75274946
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
x2 -60.6590067 Strain at yield point
c 63.75274946
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Bars
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Top Bars
Mn =
MN 223.4684434
Check for ø:
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assumptions are Wrong
Assume all steel do not yield 𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
3
4.
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly:
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_
Singly Doubly:
a 9520
b 883572.9338
c -342384512 c =
a=�𝑐 =
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
Mu = фMn
Doubly = 0
Mn 0 ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
fc' 35 �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
b 400
Doubly
a 9520
Assumptions are Correct:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Doubly:
b -58659.4253
c -36815538.9 Mn = 223.633
D 1.40538E+12
x1 -59.182059 Check for ø:
x2 65.34376334 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 65.34376334
For Strainformula < 0.002
Doubly
Mu = фMn
Mn
= 201.270
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
fc' 35
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Doubly Mn = 0
a 9520
b 1266699.975 Check for ø:
c -342384512 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 1.46425E+13
x1 -267.502941 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 134.4462213
C 134.4462213 Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
0
=
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
PART 2
Case 4
fs = 538.38914 78.0867128079
Case 5
fs = 1078.2764 156.3907076496
Case 6
fs = 813.45569 117.9817261123
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 400 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 420 MPa
Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
2.241E-06 rad/mm 7.446E-06 rad/mm 4.591E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
194140.1957 mm2
= 227.367 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 3.039E+09 mm4
= 2.176E+08 mm4
= 63.427 kN-m
= 6.288E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
111.242 mm
ent of Inertia
= 183544734 mm4
= 759884701 mm4
= 13437462.84 mm4
9.569E+08 mm4
2.241E-06 rad/mm
0.0021
ℇ_𝑦/
= 5.419E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
0.000828
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 7.446E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 210.741 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
85𝑓𝑐^′
19.779 mm
24.724 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0440187847 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= -0.004583675 (Not Ok!)
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
esion = Tension
𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
63.753 mm
51.002 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0152345077 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
= -5.895037E-05 (Not Ok!)
0 kN-m
=
0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
�_𝑠<�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
ion = Tension
1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
(600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
Is Wrong
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
and compression steel do not yield
ion = Tension
2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
65.344 mm
52.275 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0147905272 (Ok!)
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 1.306E-04 (Ok!)
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
4.591E-05 rad/mm
ion = Tension
2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
= 0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
0 mm
Curvature
6.288E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
4.591E-05 223.633
BEAM PROP
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
311.207 kN-m
311.207 kN-m
306.786 kN-m
86.518 kN-m
4.721E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 180000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 86.518
c -10703494.4
D 13240739905
x1 158.5915601
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1944749
c 158.5915601
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 149.807
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -11410504.2
D 14667645297
x1 149.8073665 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -253.892815
c 149.8073665 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ctr, cr = 149.807 mm
Itr, cr = 1.876E+09 mm4
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ec = 29580.4 MPa
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
ℇ_𝑦/
øy = ((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 420
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 69.29983795
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 537.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Singly: 0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Doubly a =
a 26.37243833 𝑐=𝑎/� =
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Singly Mn = 0
Mn 123.4098382
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
Compresion = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
a 7140 c =
b -29452.4311 a =
c -36815538.9
D 1.05232E+12
Check for Strain:
x1 73.89905849
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
x2 -69.7740681 Strain at yield point
c 73.89905849
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Bars
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Top Bars
Mn =
MN 311.168637
Check for ø:
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assumptions are Wrong
Assume all steel do not yield 𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
3
4.
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly:
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_
Singly Doubly:
a 7140
b 883572.9338
c -474920452 c =
a=�𝑐 =
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
Mu = фMn
Doubly = 0
Mn 0 ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
fc' 35 �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
Assumptions are Correct:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Doubly:
b -58659.4253
c -36815538.9 Mn = 311.207
D 1.05489E+12
x1 -67.8165462 Check for ø:
x2 76.03215195 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 76.03215195
For Strainformula < 0.002
Doubly
Mu = фMn
Mn
= 280.086
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
fc' 35
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Doubly Mn = 0
a 7140
b 1266699.975 Check for ø:
c -474920452 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 1.51683E+13
x1 -361.438699 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 184.029739
C 184.029739 Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
0
=
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
PART 2
case 4
fs = 558.40013 80.9890594764
case 5
fs = 1099.3158 159.4422104969
case 6
fs = 832.8009 120.787510955
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 600 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 537.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 420 MPa
Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
1.559E-06 rad/mm 5.529E-06 rad/mm 3.946E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
194140.1957 mm2
= 303.460 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 5.402E+09 mm4
= 4.647E+08 mm4
= 86.518 kN-m
= 4.721E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
149.807 mm
ent of Inertia
= 336201393 mm4
= 1496553410 mm4
= 43113888 mm4
1.876E+09 mm4
1.559E-06 rad/mm
0.0021
ℇ_𝑦/
= 3.907E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
0.000828
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 5.529E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 306.786 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
85𝑓𝑐^′
26.372 mm
32.966 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0459147034 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= -0.0026877562 (Not Ok!)
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
esion = Tension
𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
73.899 mm
59.119 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0188203051 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
= -0.0004627552 (Not Ok!)
0 kN-m
=
0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
�_𝑠<�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
ion = Tension
1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
(600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
Is Wrong
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
and compression steel do not yield
ion = Tension
2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
76.032 mm
60.826 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0182081331 (Ok!)
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 5.339E-04 (Ok!)
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
3.946E-05 rad/mm
ion = Tension
2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
= 0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
mm
Curvature
4.721E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
3.946E-05 311.207
BEAM PROP
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
197.552 kN-m
197.552 kN-m
145.101 kN-m
46.646 kN-m
6.290E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 46.646
c -7019500.99
D 8819947792
x1 123.3351652
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943674
c 123.3351652
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 120.535
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8122436.26
D 10721963761
x1 120.5354686 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -224.620917
c 120.5354686 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ctr, cr = 120.535 mm
Itr, cr = 7.139E+08 mm4
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ec = 29580.4 MPa
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
ℇ_𝑦/
øy = ((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 420
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 69.29983795
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 352.5
d' = 97.5
Compression = Tension
Singly: 0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′
Doubly a =
a 26.37243833 𝑐=𝑎/� =
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Singly Mn = 0
Mn 79.86564595
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
Compresion = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
a 7140 c =
b -29452.4311 a =
c -57432240.7
D 1.64113E+12
Check for Strain:
x1 91.77305797
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
x2 -87.6480676 Strain at yield point
c 91.77305797
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Bars
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Top Bars
Mn =
MN 197.5515108
Check for ø:
Mu = фMn
= 177.7964
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Assumptions are Wrong
Assume all steel do not yield 𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦 ; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
3
4.
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly:
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_
Singly Doubly:
a 7140
b 883572.9338
c -311459459 c =
a=�𝑐 =
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
Mu = фMn
Doubly = 0
Mn 0 ∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
fc' 35 �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
Assumptions are Correct:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑
Doubly:
b -58659.4253
c -57432240.7 Mn = 0.000
D 1.64371E+12
x1 -85.6730705 Check for ø:
x2 93.88867633 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 93.88867633
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Doubly
Mu = фMn
Mn
= 0.000
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−
Doubly:
c =
a=�𝑐 =
fc' 35
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Strain at yield point
Strain at yield point
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
Doubly Mn = 0
a 7140
b 1266699.975 Check for ø:
c -311459459 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 1.04998E+13
x1 -315.619129 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 138.2101686
C 138.2101686 Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
0
=
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
PART 2
Case 4
fs = 505.27729 73.2842467079
Case 5
fs = 983.23343 142.6058969281
Case 6
fs = 806.03648 116.9056611696
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 75 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 97.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 352.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 420 MPa
Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
2.209E-06 rad/mm 6.871E-06 rad/mm 3.269E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
149140.1957 mm2
= 227.418 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 1.327E+08 mm4
= 46.646 kN-m
= 6.290E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
120.535 mm
ent of Inertia
= 175123562 mm4
= 535747669 mm4
= 3001300.748 mm4
7.139E+08 mm4
2.209E-06 rad/mm
0.0021
ℇ_𝑦/
= 5.957E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
0.000828
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 6.871E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 145.101 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1
𝑓_𝑦𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
85𝑓𝑐^′
26.372 mm
32.966 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.029078945 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= -0.0058728997 (Not Ok!)
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
esion = Tension
𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
91.773 mm
73.418 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0.0021
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0085229897 (Ok!)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0001872099 (Ok!)
197.5515108 kN-m
=
0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
3.26893E-05 rad/mm
�_𝑠<�_𝑦 ; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; 𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦and
ion = Tension
1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
(600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
Is Wrong
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦; 〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
and compression steel do not yield
ion = Tension
2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
0.000 mm
0.000 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0.000E+00 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0.000E+00 rad/mm
ion = Tension
2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
0 mm
0 mm
𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
= 0
= 0
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0 ---
𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
= 0.9
= 0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
mm
Curvature
6.290E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
3.269E-05 197.552
BEAM PRO
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curvatu
218.432 kN-m
179.326 kN-m
49.454 kN-m
6.309E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Assume value of Ec ( ranges from to )
1
1.
Ec = 5000
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
c =
Calculate the Transformed, Uncracked Moment of Inertia
4
1.
Ig =
I1 =
I2 =
Itr, uncracked =
fr = =
Mcr =
ø =
FORMULA SA STRAIN =
FS = 20.109
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 49.454
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
Singly:
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 123.419
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 11083219260
x1 123.418725
Ig =
x2 -227.504174
c 123.418725 I1 =
I2 =
ø = =
=
STRAIN FORMULA
FS =
ctr, cr = 123.419 mm
Itr, cr = 9.034E+08 mm4
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ec = 29580.4 MPa
øy =
My =
= 0.000828
ø0.7fy =
M0.7fc' =
STRAIN FORMULA
FS
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 420
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 69.29983795
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Singly:
Doubly:
Doubly a =
a 26.37243833 =
Singly:
Doubly:
Singly Mn = 0
Mn 88.10373638
Check for ø:
Doubly For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
Mn 0
For Strainformula < 0.002
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
Curvature
Assume Tension Steel Yields and Top Bars behave as Tension Bars and d
4.
Compresion = Tension
a 7140 c =
b -29452.4311 a =
c -36815538.9
D 1.05232E+12
Check for Strain:
Check for Strain:
x1 73.89905849
Mn =
MN 218.393479
Check for ø:
Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
= 0
Curvature
Assumptions are Wrong
3
Assume all steel do not yield and
4.
Compression = Tension
Singly:
Singly Doubly:
a 7140
b 883572.9338
c -342384512 c =
base,b 300
Strain of Compression Steel
a 7140 Singly:
b 1443414.562
c -379200051 Doubly:
D 1.29134E+13
x1 -352.726637 Mn = 0
x2 150.5677349
c 150.5677349 Check for ø:
For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
0
Singly Therefore use ø:
Mn 0
Mu = фMn
Doubly = 0
Mn 0
Curvature
Compression = Tension
Doubly:
c =
=
fc' 35
Strain of Compression Steel
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
Assumptions are Correct:
Doubly:
b -58659.4253
c -36815538.9 Mn = 218.432
STRAIN FORMULA =
FS =
D 1.05489E+12
x1 -67.8165462 Check for ø:
x2 76.03215195 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
C 76.03215195
For Strainformula < 0.002
Doubly
Mu = фMn
Mn
= 196.589
Curvature
Compression = Tension
Doubly:
c =
=
fc' 35
Strain at yield point
Singly
Doubly
Doubly Mn = 0
a 7140
b 1266699.975 Check for ø:
c -342384512 For Strainformula > 0.005
For 0.005 < fs/ Es > 0.002
D 1.1383E+13
x1 -324.970215 For Strainformula < 0.002
x2 147.5612552
C 147.5612552 Therefore use ø: 0
Mu = фMn
0
=
Singly Curvature
Mn
Doubly
Mn
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 420 MPa
Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.711E-06 rad/mm 3.946E-05 rad/mm
= 29580.399 Mpa
y (n)
6.76
yg = 225 mm
d or y1 = 387.5 mm
d' or y2 = 62.5 mm
149140.1957 mm2
= 228.081 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 2.156E+08 mm4
= 1.551E+08 mm4
= 2.650E+09 mm4
4.141 MPa
= 49.454 kN-m
= 6.309E-07 rad/mm
d ACTUAL STRESS
1.006E-04
FTER CRACKING STAGE
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
123.419 mm
ent of Inertia
= 187993644 mm4
= 694372222 mm4
= 20990221.52 mm4
9.034E+08 mm4
1.851E-06 rad/mm
4.887E-04
97.72193837
0.0021
= 7.952E-06 rad/mm
= 1436.715 kN-m
ves Non-Linearly,
0.000828
= 6.711E-06 rad/mm
= 179.326 kN-m
= 1.772E-03
= 354.3527128
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
and
Compression = Tension
26.372 mm
32.966 mm
= 0.0021
= 0.0322640885 (Ok!)
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
rong.
ars behave as Tension Bars and does not yield.
esion = Tension
73.899 mm
59.119 mm
= 0.0021
= 0.0127309176 (Ok!)
0 kN-m
=
0.9
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
and
ion = Tension
0 mm
0 mm
= 0
= 0 ---
= 0 ---
kN-m
kN-m
0 rad/mm
Is Wrong
and compression steel do not yield
ion = Tension
76.032 mm
60.826 mm
= 0.0021
= 0.0122895843 (Ok!)
= 5.339E-04 (Ok!)
kN-m
1.229E-02
429.2262872
= 0.9
=
= 0.65
kN-m
3.946E-05 rad/mm
ion = Tension
0 mm
0 mm
= 0
= 0 ---
= 0 ---
kN-m
= 0.9
=
= 0.65
kN-m
0 rad/mm
on)
FOR GRADE 60 STEEL
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
factor
8 Mpa β = 0.85
> 28 Mpa
0.8
Curvature
6.309E-07 rad/mm
Mn Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.309E-07 49.454
6.711E-06 rad/mm 1.851E-06 49.454
3.946E-05 rad/mm 6.711E-06 STAGE 1. BEFORE CRACKI
3.946E-05 218.432
Strain =
=
fs =
Strain =
fs =
Strain =
fs =
STAGE 4. ULTIMATE S
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
es
fs
STRAIN = 1.006E-04
LET
fs1 = 2.917E+00
fs2 = 60
fs3 = 55.6189260781
FS = 2.9165628681
STRAIN = 4.887E-04
LET
fs1 = 1.417E+01
fs2 = 60
fs3 = 55.8411781
FS = 14.1733633037
STRAIN = 1.772E-03
LET
fs1 = 5.139E+01
fs2 = 60
fs3 = 56.5709334644
FS = 51.3944956508
STRAIN = 1.229E-02
LET
fs1 = 3.564E+02
fs2 = 60
fs3 = 62.2539852334
FS = 62.2539852334
FOR GRADE 60 STEEL (PRIESTLEY ET AL. 1996)
ørad (d-c)
1.006E-04
20.1090010002 Mpa
ørad (d-c)
4.887E-04
97.7219383721 Mpa
CONCRETE NON-LINEAR
ørad (d-c)
1.772E-03
354.3527128333 MPa
STAGE 4. ULTIMATE STAGE
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 1.229E-02
= 429.22629 MPa
FOR A1035-ACI ITG 6 (2010) Model
Curvature
0.000
0.000
STAGE 1. BEFORE CRACKIG STAGE
ørad (d-c)
Strain =
= 4.887E-04
fs = 97.721938372 Mpa
= 1.772E-03
fs = 354.35271283 MPa
STAGE 4. ULTIMATE STAGE
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
es = 1.229E-02
fs = 1034.214 MPa
el FOR SD685-Wang et. al (2009) Model
Curvature
0.000
0.000
STAGE 1. BEFORE CRACKIG STAGE
ørad (d-c)
Strain =
= 4.887E-04
fs = 97.7219383721 Mpa
= 1.772E-03
fs = 354.3527128333 MPa
STARGE 4 ULTIMATE STAGE
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
es = 1.229E-02
fs = 703.085
(2009) Model
STAGE
Mpa
STAGE
-c)
LINEAR
-c)
TAGE
1.229E-02
MPa
BEAM PROP
base, b
height, h
clear cover
stirrups
Effective depth, d'
effective depth, d
fc'
fy
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
317.673 kN-m
306.786 kN-m
86.518 kN-m
4.721E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 180000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
Ig (𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
=
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
0.7√(𝑓𝑐′)
fr = 0.7√(𝑓𝑐′) =
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 86.518
c -10703494.4
D 13240739905
x1 158.5915601
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1944749
c 158.5915601
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 149.807
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -11410504.2
D 14667645297
(𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
x1 149.8073665 𝑐/2)^2
Ig =
x2 -253.892815
I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
c 149.8073665
(�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
I2 =
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ℇ_𝑠=ℇ_𝑦
Solve for Steel Strain at Yield Point,
.1
1
3.
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
ℇ_𝑦/
øy = ((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐
= 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy =
𝑐
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
M0.7fc' = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 429.2263
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 70.82217178
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 537.5
d' = 62.5
0.85𝑓𝑐^′Compression = Tension
𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
Doubly:
a
𝑐=𝑎/� =
Doubly =
a 62.34805539 �_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
Singly:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(
Doubly:
Mn = 317.6733
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Singly
Mn Err:504
Doubly
Mn 317.6732821
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
a 7140
b -43039.2606
c -36815538.9
D 1.0533E+12
x1 74.88412747
x2 -68.8562198
c 74.884127470.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
�_𝑠<�_𝑦
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦; ;〖𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦
�〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
MN #REF!
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
a=�𝑐
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
Singly
a 7140
b 883572.9338
c -474920452
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
D 1.43444E+13
x -327.099227
x 203.3495161
c 203.3495161
base,b 300
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Doubly
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦;
𝑓_𝑠>𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; �_𝑠>�_𝑦
a 7140
b 1443414.562
c -511735991
D 1.66986E+13
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
x1 -387.241578
x2 185.0826757
c 185.0826757
a=�𝑐
Singly �_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Mn #REF!
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Doubly
Mn �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Err:504
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
fc' 35∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
𝑓_𝑠′>𝑓_𝑦;
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ >�_𝑦
; �_𝑠<�_𝑦
b -72246.2548
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
c -36815538.9
D 1.05667E+12
x1 -66.9256957
x2 77.04421879
C 77.04421879
a=�𝑐
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Doubly
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Mn
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
b 300
fc' 35
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Doubly
a 7140
b 1275757.862
c -474920452
D 1.51913E+13
x1 -362.279967
x2 183.6023948
C 183.6023948
Singly
Mn
Doubly
Mn
= Err:504 Err:504 ksi
PART 2
fs
fs
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 600 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 537.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 429.226 MPa
fs' = 106.78760185 Mpa Therefore, β =
new fs =
Moment - Curvature
1.559E-06 rad/mm 5.529E-06 rad/mm 3.849E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
194140.1957 mm2
= 303.460 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 5.402E+09 mm4
= 4.647E+08 mm4
= 86.518 kN-m
= 4.721E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
149.807 mm
ent of Inertia
= 336201393 mm4
= 1496553410 mm4
= 43113888 mm4
1.876E+09 mm4
1.559E-06 rad/mm
0.002146131
ℇ_𝑦/
((𝑑−𝑐) ) = 3.993E-06 rad/mm
𝑓_𝑐=0.7𝑓_𝑐′
ves Non-Linearly,
0.000828
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 5.529E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) ) = 306.786 kN-m
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
y and Moment-Curvature
85𝑓𝑐^′Compression = Tension
𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
62.348 mm
77.935 mm
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0176903005 Err:504
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0.0005941511 Err:504
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
3.84936E-05 rad/mm
))/𝑐)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
(𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
512.384 kN-m
179.326 kN-m
49.454 kN-m
6.309E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
0.7√(𝑓𝑐′)
fr = 0.7√(𝑓𝑐′) =
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 49.454
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 123.419
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 11083219260
x1 123.418725 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -227.504174
c 123.418725 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
øy ℇ_𝑦/
=
((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 1034.214
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 170.644911
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
a =
Doubly
𝑐=𝑎/� =
a 60.15412933
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Strain of Compression Steel
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
Singly:
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(
Doubly:
Mn = 512.384
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Doubly
Mn 512.3839778
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
�_𝑠<�_𝑦
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦; ;〖𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦
�〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
MN #REF!
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
a=�𝑐
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
c -342384512
D 1.05592E+130.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
x -289.430366
x 165.6806557
c 165.6806557
base,b 300
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Doubly
a 7140
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦;
𝑓_𝑠>𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; �_𝑠>�_𝑦
b 1443414.562
c -379200051
D 1.29134E+13
x1 -352.726637
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (600((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
x2 150.5677349
c 150.5677349
a=�𝑐
Singly
Mn �_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
#REF!
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Doubly
Mn Err:504
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
fc' 35
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
𝑓_𝑠′>𝑓_𝑦;
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ >�_𝑦
; �_𝑠<�_𝑦
b -963164.202
C 165.9651448
a=�𝑐
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Doubly
Mn �_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
b 3000.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
fc' 35
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Doubly
a 7140
b 1869703.16
c -342384512
D 1.32743E+13
x1 -386.070958
x2 124.2077703
C 124.2077703
Singly
Mn
Doubly
Mn
= Err:504 Err:504 ksi
PART 2
fs
fs
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 1034.214 MPa
fs' = 106.78760185 MPa Therefore, β =
new fs =
Moment - Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.711E-06 rad/mm 3.990E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
149140.1957 mm2
= 228.081 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 2.156E+08 mm4
= 49.454 kN-m
= 6.309E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
123.419 mm
ent of Inertia
= 187993644 mm4
= 694372222 mm4
= 20990221.52 mm4
9.034E+08 mm4
1.851E-06 rad/mm
0.00517107
ℇ_𝑦/
= 1.334E-05 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 6.711E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 179.326 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
y and Moment-Curvature
Compression = Tension
85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
60.154 mm
75.193 mm
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0124602853 Err:504
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
= 0.0005064056 Err:504
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
3.98975E-05 rad/mm
))/𝑐)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
(𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
352.043 kN-m
179.326 kN-m
49.454 kN-m
6.309E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
0.7√(𝑓𝑐′)
fr = 0.7√(𝑓𝑐′) =
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 49.454
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 123.419
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 11083219260
x1 123.418725 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -227.504174
c 123.418725 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
øy ℇ_𝑦/
=
((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 703.0847
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 116.0087088
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
a =
Doubly
𝑐=𝑎/� =
a 41.94206196
Mn = 352.0434
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Singly
Mn Err:504
Doubly
Mn 352.0434206
a 7140
b -446329.104
c -36815538.9
D 1.25066E+12
x1 109.5699487
x2 -47.0588697
c 109.5699487
MN #REF!
Singly
a 7140
b 883572.9338
c -342384512
D 1.05592E+13
x -289.430366
x 165.6806557
c 165.6806557
base,b 300
Doubly
a 7140
b 1443414.562
c -379200051
D 1.29134E+13
x1 -352.726637
x2 150.5677349
c 150.5677349
Singly
Mn #REF!
Doubly
Mn Err:504
fc' 35
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
b -475536.098
c -36815538.9
D 1.27759E+12
x1 -45.8520704
x2 112.4537648
C 112.4537648
Doubly
Mn
b 300
fc' 35
Doubly
a 7140
b 1544617.757
c -342384512
D 1.21643E+13
x1 -352.40616
x2 136.0731405
C 136.0731405
Singly
Mn
Doubly
Mn
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 703.085 MPa
fs' = 106.78760185 MPa Therefore, β =
new fs =
Moment - Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.711E-06 rad/mm 5.722E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
149140.1957 mm2
= 228.081 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 2.156E+08 mm4
= 49.454 kN-m
= 6.309E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
123.419 mm
ent of Inertia
= 187993644 mm4
= 694372222 mm4
= 20990221.52 mm4
9.034E+08 mm4
1.851E-06 rad/mm
0.003515424
ℇ_𝑦/
= 9.072E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 6.711E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 179.326 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
y and Moment-Curvature
Compression = Tension
85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
41.942 mm
52.428 mm
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐) = 0.0191734449
𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
5.72218E-05 rad/mm
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
261.716 kN-m
179.326 kN-m
49.454 kN-m
6.309E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
0.7√(𝑓𝑐′)
fr = 0.7√(𝑓𝑐′) =
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 49.454
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 123.419
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 11083219260
x1 123.418725 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -227.504174
c 123.418725 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
øy ℇ_𝑦/
=
((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 519.1854
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 85.66538312
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
a =
Doubly
𝑐=𝑎/� =
a 31.82762005
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
Mn = 261.7165
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
Singly
Mn Err:504
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Doubly
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
a 7140
b -175514.922
c -36815538.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
D 1.08226E+12
x1 85.14221802
x2 -60.5602962
c 85.14221802
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
�_𝑠<�_𝑦
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦; ;〖𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦
�〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
a=�𝑐
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑠′−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
Singly
a 7140
b 883572.93380.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
c -342384512
D 1.05592E+13
x -289.430366
x 165.6806557
c 165.6806557
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
base,b 300
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦;
𝑓_𝑠>𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; �_𝑠>�_𝑦
Doubly
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly
Mn �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
#REF!
Doubly
Mn Err:504
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
fc' 35𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗
𝑓_𝑠′>𝑓_𝑦; _𝑠^′ >�_𝑦
; �_𝑠<�_𝑦
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
b -204721.916
c -36815538.9
D 1.09336E+12 a=�𝑐
x1 -58.8878158
x2 87.56035306
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
C 87.56035306
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Doubly
Mn
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
b 300
fc' 35
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Doubly
a 7140
b 1364074.969
c -342384512
D 1.16392E+13
x1 -334.432946
x2 143.3860314
C 143.3860314
Singly
Mn
Doubly
Mn
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 519.185 MPa
fs' = 135.52773814 MPa Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.711E-06 rad/mm 7.541E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
149140.1957 mm2
= 228.081 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 2.156E+08 mm4
= 49.454 kN-m
= 6.309E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
123.419 mm
ent of Inertia
= 187993644 mm4
= 694372222 mm4
= 20990221.52 mm4
9.034E+08 mm4
1.851E-06 rad/mm
0.002595927
ℇ_𝑦/
= 6.699E-06 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 6.711E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 179.326 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
y and Moment-Curvature
Compression = Tension
85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
31.828 mm
39.785 mm
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0262199039
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
7.54062E-05 rad/mm
))/𝑐)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
(𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
520.558 kN-m
179.326 kN-m
49.454 kN-m
6.309E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
0.7√(𝑓𝑐′)
fr = 0.7√(𝑓𝑐′) =
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 49.454
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 123.419
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 11083219260
x1 123.418725 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -227.504174
c 123.418725 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
øy ℇ_𝑦/
=
((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 1051.26
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 173.4575621
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
Doubly:0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)
a =
Doubly
𝑐=𝑎/� =
a 61.09167972
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Strain of Tension Steel
Mn = 520.5581
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦+𝐴_𝑠2 600 ((𝑑^′−𝑐))/𝑐
Singly
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
Mn Err:504
Doubly �_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Mn 520.558131
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑑^′−𝑐)/𝑐)
a 7140
b -959060.119
c -36815538.90.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
D 1.97125E+12
x1 165.4812012
x2 -31.1590556
c 165.4812012
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
�_𝑠<�_𝑦
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦; ;〖𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦
�〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
MN #REF!
a=�𝑐
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
Singly
a 7140
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
b 883572.9338
c -342384512
D 1.05592E+13
x -289.430366
x 165.6806557
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
c 165.6806557
base,b 300
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦;
𝑓_𝑠>𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; �_𝑠>�_𝑦
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Singly
Mn #REF!
Doubly
Mn Err:504
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
𝑓_𝑠′>𝑓_𝑦;
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ >�_𝑦
; �_𝑠<�_𝑦
fc' 35
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ �𝑐𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
b -988267.114
c -36815538.9
a=�𝑐
D 2.02812E+12
x1 -30.522056
x2 �_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
168.934817
C 168.934817�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Doubly
Mn
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
b 300
fc' 35
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Doubly
a 7140
b 1886438.434
c -342384512
D 1.33372E+13
x1 -387.846285
x2 123.6392217
C 123.6392217
Singly
Mn
Doubly
Mn
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 1051.2604106 MPa
fs' = 97.456302837 MPa Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.711E-06 rad/mm 3.929E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
149140.1957 mm2
= 228.081 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 2.156E+08 mm4
= 49.454 kN-m
= 6.309E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
123.419 mm
ent of Inertia
= 187993644 mm4
= 694372222 mm4
= 20990221.52 mm4
9.034E+08 mm4
1.851E-06 rad/mm
0.005256302
ℇ_𝑦/
= 1.356E-05 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 6.711E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 179.326 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
y and Moment-Curvature
Compression = Tension
85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
61.092 mm
76.365 mm
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
= 0.0122230223
(𝑑−𝑎/2)+𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
3.92852E-05 rad/mm
))/𝑐)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
(𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
n)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ULTIMATE CONDITION
Moment - Curv
402.272 kN-m
179.326 kN-m
49.454 kN-m
6.309E-07 rad/mm
1. BEFORE CRACKING S
Ec = 5000
�=𝐸_𝑠/𝐸_𝑐
=
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the extreme top fiber o
3
1.
Ag = 135000 mm2
(n-1)As1 = 8484.117 mm2
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078 mm2
Area total, At =
(∑𝐴_𝑖
c = 𝑦_𝑖)/𝐴_
𝑡
(𝑏ℎ^3)/12+𝐴_𝑔 (𝑐−ℎ/2)^2
Ig =
I1 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
0.7√(𝑓𝑐′)
fr = 0.7√(𝑓𝑐′) =
6
1.
𝑓�(�_(𝑡�, 𝑢�𝑐�) )/((ℎ−𝑐) )
Mcr =
2. AFTER CRACKING ST
singly
a 300
b 19913.47798
Mcr = 49.454
c -7716472.72
D 9656313868
x1 130.588445
Locate the distance ( c ) of the Neutral Axis from the top extreme fiber o
1
2.
x2 -33.1943912
c 130.588445
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Singly:
(𝑏𝑐^2)/2+𝐴_𝑠2 (�−1)(𝑐−𝑑′)=�𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)
Doubly:
(n)As1 = 9956.739
(n-1)As2 = 5656.078
doubly c = 123.419
a 300
b 31225.63456
Solved for Transformed, Cracked Moment of Inertia
2
2.
c -8423482.5
D 11083219260
x1 123.418725 (𝑏𝑐^3)/12+𝑏𝑐(
Ig = 𝑐/2)^2
x2 -227.504174
c 123.418725 I1 = n𝐴_𝑠1 (𝑑−𝑐)^2
I2 = (�−1)𝐴_𝑠2 (𝑐−𝑑′)^2
𝑀_𝑐�/
ø = (�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) =
(𝐸_𝑐 ) )
ℇ_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
=
øy ℇ_𝑦/
=
((𝑑−𝑐) )
.1
2
3.
ℇ_𝑐=𝑓_𝑐/
𝐸_𝑐 = 0.000828
�_𝑐/
ø0.7fy = 𝑐
4. ULTIMATE CONDITI
fy = 806.1603
fc' = 35
Singly β = 0.8
a 133.016146
As1 = 1472.622
As2 = 981.7477
d = 387.5
d' = 62.5
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐
a =
Doubly
𝑐=𝑎/� =
a 47.61120767
Mn = 402.2724
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Curvature
Singly
Mn
Doubly
Mn 402.2723693
a 7140
b -598120.48
c -36815538.9
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
D 1.4092E+12
x1 125.0152478
x2 -41.2448724
c 125.0152478
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
�_𝑠<�_𝑦
𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦; ;〖𝑓_𝑠^′<𝑓_𝑦
�〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
a=�𝑐
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
Singly
a 7140
b 883572.93380.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
c -342384512
D 1.05592E+13
x -289.430366
x 165.6806557
c 165.6806557
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
base,b 300
𝑓_𝑠′<𝑓_𝑦;
𝑓_𝑠>𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗 _𝑠^′ <�_𝑦
; �_𝑠>�_𝑦
Doubly
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
Singly
Mn �_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
#REF!
Doubly
Mn Err:504
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
fc' 35𝑓_𝑠<𝑓_𝑦〖 �〗
𝑓_𝑠′>𝑓_𝑦; _𝑠^′ >�_𝑦
; �_𝑠<�_𝑦
b 300
Doubly
a 7140
b -627327.475
c -36815538.9
D 1.44499E+12 a=�𝑐
x1 -40.2486372
x2 128.109628
�_𝑦=𝑓_𝑦/𝐸_𝑠
C 128.109628
�_𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
�_𝑠^′=0.003((𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐)
Doubly
Mn
𝑀�=0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏(𝑑−𝑎/2)
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
b 300
fc' 35
∅_𝑢=0.003/𝑐 =
Doubly
a 7140
b 1645812.008
c -342384512
D 1.24872E+13
x1 -362.712541
x2 132.2066579
C 132.2066579
Singly
Mn
Doubly
Mn
BEAM PROPERTIES (Control Section)
base, b = 300 mm
height, h = 450 mm Compression bars
clear cover = 40 mm Tension bars
stirrups = 10 mm
Effective depth, d' = 62.5 mm β factor
effective depth, d = 387.5 mm For fc' <= 28 Mpa β = 0.85
fc' = 35 MPa For fc' > 28 Mpa
fy = 806.16034564 MPa
fs' = 123.33880705 MPa Therefore, β =
Moment - Curvature
1.851E-06 rad/mm 6.711E-06 rad/mm 5.041E-05 rad/mm
4700√fc'to 5000√fc')
y (n)
6.76
149140.1957 mm2
= 228.081 mm
Moment of Inertia
= 2.279E+09 mm4
= 2.156E+08 mm4
= 49.454 kN-m
= 6.309E-07 rad/mm
kN-m
9956.739 mm
5656.078 mm
123.419 mm
ent of Inertia
= 187993644 mm4
= 694372222 mm4
= 20990221.52 mm4
9.034E+08 mm4
1.851E-06 rad/mm
0.004030802
ℇ_𝑦/
= 1.040E-05 rad/mm
((𝑑−𝑐) )
�_𝑐/
𝑐 = 6.711E-06 rad/mm
�_0.7𝑓𝑐′ (𝐸_𝑐 )
= 179.326 kN-m
(�_(𝑡�, 𝑐�) )
ULTIMATE CONDITION
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm2
mm
mm
y and Moment-Curvature
Compression = Tension
0.85𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑎𝑏+𝐴𝑠2 (𝑓_𝑦−0.85𝑓𝑐′)=𝐴𝑠1 𝑦
47.611 mm
59.514 mm
�𝑠=0.003((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐) = 0.0165332159
kN-m
0.65+250/3 (�_𝑠−0.002)
5.04083E-05 rad/mm
))/𝑐)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 600((𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
=𝐴_𝑠1 𝑓_𝑦
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
(𝑑−𝑐)/𝑐)
𝑐′)(𝑑−𝑑′)
tion)
Number Diameter
2 25 mm
3 25 mm
actor
8 Mpa β = 0.85 �=0.85−0.05/7 (𝑓𝑐^′−28)
> 28 Mpa
0.8