1 The cell shown is from the lining of the small intestine.

microvillus

mitochondria

cytoplasm
nucleus

Why does this type of cell contain many mitochondria?

A for active transport of substances

B for production of amylase
C for rapid cell division
D for storing the contents of the intestine

2 Which of the following best describes the pathway of a protein from its manufacture to
its release from the cell?

A endoplasmic reticulum → golgi complex → secretory vesicle

B secretory vesicle → endoplasmic reticulum → golgi complex
C secretory vesicle → golgi complex → endoplasmic reticulum
D golgi complex → endoplasmic reticulum → secretory vesicle

3 Enzymes are highly specific in the reactions they catalyse. Which of the
following statements explains this characteristic of enzymes?

A Protein molecules consist of many amino acids.

B Protein molecules consist of helical structures.
C Each enzyme molecule has a distinctive configuration.
D Protein molecules are denatured by high temperature.

4 Which is not a function of liver?

A formation of glycogen
B formation of urea
C production of bile
D secretion of digestive enzymes

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5 A dish was prepared with agar jelly containing starch. Four wells were cut in the jelly
and each well was filled with the substances shown in the diagram below.

After 30 minutes, iodine solution was poured over the jelly. Which well would be
surrounded by the largest yellow-brown region?

6 Four boiling tubes were left in sunlight for one hour. The bicarbonate indicator in each
tube was red at the start of experiment. Bicarbonate indicator stays red if no change in
carbon dioxide occurs. The indicator goes yellow if carbon dioxide is added and purple
if carbon dioxide is removed. Which tubes turn yellow?

1 2 3 4
pond weed pond weed snails pond weed and
snails

Rubber bung

Aluminium
foil cover

Boiling
tube

Bicarbonate indicator
A 1, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 1 and 3

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Questions 7 and 8 refer to the diagram below which shows an experiment in which discs of
equal area are removed from the same leaf of a destarched plant. The plant had been treated
as shown and the dry weight of the leaf discs were measured in g.

Leaf disc removed Leaf disc removed Leaf disc removed

at 10 am (x g) at 4 pm (y g) at 10 pm (z g)

7 The value of ( y – x )g represents the amount of

A food used up in respiration.

B water lost in transpiration.
C food produced by photosynthesis.
D water gained during photosynthesis.

8 The value of ( y – z )/6 g represents the rate of

A translocation.
B transpiration.
C respiration.
D photosynthesis.

9 During transpiration, what is the site of evaporation of water in the leaves ?

A air spaces
B mesophyll cell walls
C stomata
D walls of xylem vessels

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10 The diagram below shows part of the shoot system of a fruit tree. At the two places
marked R, all the tissue external to the xylem was removed at the flowering stage.

fruits

The diagram suggests that

A food is transported downwards in the phloem and water upwards in xylem

vessels.
B food is transported in phloem tubes regardless of direction.
C fruit Y is not getting enough water.
D fruit X and Z received more light than Y.

11 Which substance passes out of the capillaries and into the tissue fluid around muscle
cells?

A carbon dioxide
B glucose
C glycogen
D urea

12 The diagram represents blood flow through the human body.

At which stages does the blood contain the most oxygen?

A 1 and 2
B 2 and 3
C 3 and 4
D 4 and 1

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13 The diagram shows the investigation of blood flow in the veins of the lower arm.

A cloth is tightly wrapped round the arm at point Z and the veins stand out clearly. One
finger presses on the vein at W. Some possible explanations are listed.

1) The bandage at Z prevents backflow of blood.

2) The finger pressed at W prevents more blood entering the vein.
3) A valve at Y prevents backflow.
4) A valve at Z prevents more blood from entering the vein.

Which explanations of the vein lying flat are correct?

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4

14 In blood donation, blood is collected from the vein instead of the artery because

A the vein had thinner wall for easy penetration of the needle.
B the vein had bigger lumen for easy collection of blood.
C the vein contains deoxygenated blood to reduce the loss of oxygen from the
donor.
D the lower blood pressure in the vein ensures a safe draining of blood from the
donor.

15 Which of the following would result if a human is made to breathe his own exhaled air
continuously ?

Rate and depth

O2 level in blood CO2 level in blood
of breathing
A fall rise increase
B rise fall decrease
C fall fall increase
D rise rise decrease

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16 The graphs show oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise plotted against time.
Which shaded area represents the oxygen uptake used to repay the oxygen debt?

A B

C D

17 Tobacco smoke contains many chemicals that have adverse effects on one’s health.
Select the chemicals that lead to the respective health conditions.

Lowers ability of blood to

Emphysema Cancer
carry oxygen
A Irritants Carbon monoxide Tar
B Irritants Tar Carbon monoxide
C Carbon monoxide Tar Irritants
D Carbon monoxide Irritants Tar

18 A person is digging on a hot day without drinking.

What effect will this have on the release of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and the
reabsorption of water in the body?

release of ADH reabsorption of water

A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases

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19 The diagram shows a nephron of the mammalian kidney. Contents obtained from
regions 1 and 2 were tested for the presence of sugar and protein.

region 1

region 2

Which of the following could likely be a person suffering from diabetes mellitus?

region 1
A sugars present only
B sugars and proteins present
C sugars present only
D sugars and proteins present
region 2
sugars and proteins absent
proteins present only
sugars present only
sugars and proteins present

20 Which substance has the same concentration in dialysis fluid as in blood ?

A glucose
B protein
C platelets
D urea

21 The diagram shows a section of a human eye focused on a distant object.

Which part will change to focus on a distant object?

A W, X and Y
B W, Y and Z
C V, X and Z
D V, Y and Z
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22 The events listed occur during contraction of the pupils of the eye in response to
increased light intensity.

1 Impulse pass along motor neurone.

2 Contraction of circular iris muscles.
3 Stimulation of the retina.
4 Impulses pass along sensory neurone.

What is the correct order of these events ?

first -------------------------------------------------------------------> last

A 1 4 2 3
B 2 1 3 4
C 3 1 4 2
D 3 4 1 2

23 Adrenaline is secreted quickly when a person is frightened.

How does this affect the heart beat and the liver ?

heart beat liver converts

A decreases glycogen to glucose
B decreases glucose to glycogen
C increases glycogen to glucose
D increases glucose to glycogen

24 Which stage of mitosis is depicted in the diagram below ?

chromatids

centriole

mitotic spindle cell membrane

A anaphase
B metaphase
C telophase
D prophase

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25 Which of the following distinguishes prophase 1 of meiosis from prophase of mitosis?

A spindle forms
B homologous chromosomes pair up
C nuclear membrane breaks down
D chromosomes become visible

26 A cell that has 20 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. Which of the following is true?

A Two daughter cells will be created, each have 20 chromosomes.

B Two daughter cells will be created, each have 40 chromosomes.
C Four daughter cells will be created, each having 10 chromosomes.
D Two daughter cells will be created, each having 10 chromosomes.

27 The insulin molecule is composed of two polypeptide chains, one consisting of 20 amino
acids and the other consisting of 31. What is the minimum number of base pairs of DNA
required to code for this molecule?

A 20
B 51
C 102
D 153

28 In the manufacture of human insulin, what is the recombinant plasmid made up of ?

A DNA of virus and circular DNA of bacterium.

B DNA of human and circular DNA of bacterium.
C RNA of virus and circular DNA of bacterium.
D RNA of human and circular DNA of bacterium.

29 Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be represented by the graph

below ?

A fingerprints
B height
C tongue-rolling
D length of foot

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30 In raccoons, a dark face mask is dominant over a bleached face mask. Several crosses
were made between raccoons that were heterozygous for dark face mask and raccoons
that were homozygous for bleached face mask. What percentage of the offspring would
be expected to have a dark face mask?

A 0%
B 50%
C 75%
D 100%

31 In squirrels, the gene for gray fur (G) is dominant over the gene for black fur (g). If 50%
of a large litter of squirrels are gray, the parental cross that produced this litter was most
likely

A GG x Gg
B Gg x gg
C GG x GG
D gg x gg

32 Newborn babies are screened for the presence of high levels of amino acid
phenylalanine in the blood, which indicates the hereditary disease phenylketonuria. Pale
skin also occurs in sufferers from this disease.

The following series of reactions occurs in normal metabolism.

Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3

Protein phenylalanine tyrosine other metabolites
Enzyme 4
Melanin

Which enzyme is lacking in persons with phenylketonuria ?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

33 Which of the following is a disadvantage of cross-pollination compared with self-

pollination in flowering plants ?

A It is less certain to take place.

B The resulting offspring are likely to be less fertile.
C There is less chance of better adapted offspring.
D The resulting offspring will not be as strong.

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34 The diagram shows the flower of a common species of grass. What is the correct
characteristic for this type of flower ?

A anthers with short filaments

B nectaries producing nectar
C short, unbranched stigmas
D small, smooth pollen grains

35 When is ovulation most likely to occur ?

A about halfway between the start of one menstruation and the next
B at the start of menstruation
C 1 – 5 days before the start of menstruation
D 5 – 10 days after the start of menstruation

36 Which of the following features is always true about the trophic levels of an ecosystem?

A The higher the trophic level, the more energy they need.
B The higher the trophic level, the bigger the size of the organisms.
C The lower the trophic level, the bigger the number of organisms.
D The lower the trophic level, the more the biomass.

37 Excess nitrates is a common pollutant in rivers and lakes causing rapid growth of
planktonic algae and the death of submerged plants rooted in the mud.
Lack of which factor causes the death of the submerged plants?

A carbon dioxide
B organic debris
C light
D oxygen

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Questions 38 and 39
Scientific research shows that the amount of lichen on the roofs of houses can vary.
The graph shows the amount of lichen found on the roofs of houses at different distances from
an industrial area, finishing 16 km away in the countryside

38 The results suggest that

A lichens only live in the countryside.

B the further from the industrial area the more lichens there are.
C the nearer the industrial area the more lichens there are.
D roofs in industrial areas are made from the wrong sort of materials for lichens to
grow on.

39 The roof of a house 9 km from the industrial area had 1000 tiles.
The number of tiles covered with lichen is likely to be _______.

A 4
B 40
C 400
D 960

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40 The diagram shows the carbon cycle.

Which parts of the cycle form parts of food chains?

A P and Q
B P and S
C Q and R
D R and S

- END -

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