Turbulence Theory and Modelling

1 Introduction

Ji Honghu

Department of Energy Engineering

College of Energy and Power Engineering
Email: jhhpe@nuaa.edu.cn
Tel: 18951849326
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Content
1. About the course
2. Introduction of turbulent flow

1. About the course

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1. About the course 1. About the course

Content of the course Content of the course

1. Introduction d) Inclusion of second-moment closures into finite-volume
a) Turbulence: some essential features solvers
b) An introduction to the modelling of turbulence e) A new form of second-moment closure
f) Application of second-moment closures in complex flows
2. Basic theory of turbulence
g) Second-moment closure for low-Reynolds-number regions
3. Some simple eddy viscosity models of turbulence
6. Modelling turbulence in variable-density, compressed
4. Two-equation turbulence model and compressible flows
a) Two-equation turbulence models
7. Modelling of multi-phase turbulent flows
b) Low-Reynolds-number two-equation models
c) Convective heat transfer in near-wall flows
7. Modelling of unsteady turbulent flows
d) Case studies for two-equation models 8. Modelling of combustion processes in turbulence
5. Second-moment closure 9. Applications involving multiphase flow and
a) An introduction to the second-moment equations combustion
b) A simple closure of the Reynolds stress equations 10. Full turbulence simulations - achievements and
c) Modelling force-field effects on turbulence prospects
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1. About the course 1. About the course

Reference
‰ J. O. Hinze, Turbulence, second edition, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, New York, 1987
‰ P. Bradshaw, An introduction to turbulence and its
measurement, Pergamon Press, Oxford
‰ 陶文铨，数值传热学，西安交通大学出版社，第2版，
2001
‰ Peter Bradshaw, Tuncer Cebeci, James H. Whitelaw，
Engineering calculation methods for turbulent flow,
London ; Academic Press, 1981.
‰ W. Rodi, E.N. Ganic， Engineering turbulence
modelling and experiments :New York : Elsevier, c1990.
‰ B. E. Launder and D. B. Spalding, Mathematical
Models of turbulence, Academic Press, 1972
College of Energy and Power Engineering
Examination
‰ Three papers concerning, respectively,
ƒ Theory of turbulence
ƒ Theory and/or application of two equation model
ƒ Theory and/or application of Reynolds stress model
ƒ The subject of one paper is assigned which is directly related
to the content of the course
ƒ The subjects of the other papers are chosen by student himself
ƒ Format of the papers: Word and PPT
ƒ Presentation.
‰ Homework
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2. Introduction of
turbulent flow

Turbulent Flow
Reynolds
Experiment
ƒ Laminar

ƒ Transitional

2. Introduction of turbulent flow

ƒ Transitional /
turbulent

ƒ Turbulent

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2. Introduction of 2. Introduction of
turbulent flow turbulent flow

Turbulent flow Turbulent flow

Example 1 Cigarette Smoke Example 2 Flow around block

‰ Positively Buoyant Jet: Cigarette Smoke

(A.E. Perry & T. T. Lim: J. Fluid Mech. vol 88) Flow around block at wall showing both upstream and downstream flow separation

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2. Introduction of 2. Introduction of
turbulent flow turbulent flow

Turbulent flow Turbulent flow

Example 3 Karman Vortex Street Example 3 Karman Vortex Street
‰ Experimental result
ƒ Flow across a cylinder

Externally illuminated single- Flow visualization of close wake

sided wake pattern passing behind a circular cylinder
a hot-wire probe.
(A.E. Perry, M.S. Chong & T. T.
Lim: J. Fluid Mech. vol 116)

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2. Introduction of 2. Introduction of
turbulent flow turbulent flow
Turbulent flow Turbulent flow
Example 4 Round Jet in a Cross Flow Example 5 Flow in a turbine cascade

(R.M. Kelso, T. T. Lim & A.E. Film cooling

Perry: J. Fluid Mech. vol 306)

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2. Introduction of 2. Introduction of
turbulent flow turbulent flow

Turbulent flow Turbulent flow ⎯ Definition

Example 6 Round Jet in a Cross Flow
‰A fluid motion in which velocity, pressure, and other
flow quantities fluctuate irregularly in time and space.

‰ “Turbulent fluid motion is an irregular condition of

flow in which the various quantities show a random
variation with time and space coordinates, so that
statistically distinct average values can be observed.”
- Hinze

‰ “Turbulence is due to the formation of point or line

vortice on which some component of the velocity
‰ High Angle of Attack Aerodynamics becomes infinite.”
(S.C. Luo, T. T. Lim, K.B. Lua & others..... AIAA J) -Jean Leray
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2. Introduction of 2. Introduction of
turbulent flow turbulent flow

Turbulent flow ⎯ Definition Some physical processes affected by turbulence

‰ The local turbulence structure influences the rates of :
‰ Almost all aircraft , turbomachinery and engines
flow are turbulent
ƒ Transport of mean momentum
‰ Almost all industrial flows are turbulent.
‰ Almost all naturally occurring flows on earth, in ƒ Transport of heat and chemical species
oceans, and atmosphere are turbulent.
‰ Turbulent motion is 3D, vortical, and diffusive ƒ Decay of temperature fluctuation

‰ Method to solve turbulent flow problem ƒ Chemical reaction

ƒ Theoretical analysis
ƒ Experimental measurement ƒ Droplet evaporation
ƒ Numerical modelling

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2. Introduction of
turbulent flow

Some factors affecting the turbulent motion

‰ The local structure of turbulence can be supposed to be
adequately identified by two properties:
ƒ Local velocity
ƒ Length scale of the turbulent motion

‰ The factors affecting the turbulent motion

ƒ Viscosity (e.g. the viscous sublayer)
ƒ High Mach number
ƒ Combustion
ƒ High swirl rates
ƒ External force field (e.g. buoyancy , magneto-hydrodynamic
effect)

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