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A quarterly newsletter from the Sustainable Habitats Division of The Energy and Resources Institute
Volume 1 • Issue 1 October 2010
Dear friends,
I am extremely pleased to share with you some thoughts in the inaugural issue
of the Sustainable Habitats newsletter. This publication will highlight innovative
CONTENTS
and diverse activities, both within and outside TERI that promote a sustainable
Perspectives 2
urban future. Message from
Sustainable habitats critically require simultaneous macro and micro level Mili Majumdar
approaches. These include promoting green buildings using sustainable materials
and construction practices, as well as scaling them up to plan sustainable cities Field Notes 4
and urban ecosystems. Geographical factors and their explicit inclusion come to Case Studies of Livability
the fore when designing and constructing sustainable habitats. This is particularly in Indian Cities:
important in developing countries where vulnerable populations lack basic shelter • Auroville’s Architectural
and services. Tradition
Over 50% of the world’s population already resides in cities and it is important • Delhi Nullahs Project
for us to initiate actions that improve the quality of life through integrated urban
planning and effective environmental management. This year, UN HABITAT Discussion 6
• Sustainable Buildings
has highlighted the theme, “Better City, Better Life” for the World Habitat Day
in the Indian context
(4 October 2010). Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) selected Chitra K Vishawanath
“Impact of Urbanization on Health” as the subject for its annual World Health • Sustainable Habitats
Day. Both these themes signal the importance of promoting a higher quality of life Krishna Rao Jaisim
through measurable environmental and health benefits in our cities.
Urban sustainability means many things; its multiple dimensions include GRIHA 8
buildings, the natural environment, and the delivery of basic services, among other
Events 9
components. In India, a sustainable city entails careful management of natural
and cultural resources with economic and social realities, maintaining equity and Call for Articles 11
efficiency as well as protecting future generations, ecosystems, and resources. About TERI 12
Our cities will be a test for the future; whether we can make them productive
and healthy sites that integrate with the ecosystem, have minimal impact on the
environment, and achieve maximum efficiency of resources. There is no single
definition or uniform set of generic benchmarks for a livable city. With rapid
urbanization and an increasing percentage of the population projected to live
in cities, our relationship with the built and the natural environments we live in
must change.
All individuals have a role to play; we can address these issues from a top down
policy approach and a bottom up recognition that individual actions and behaviour
ultimately affect urban challenges, like dealing with climate change. There is an
urgent need to promote shared learning, knowledge transfers on best practices,
and lessons from around the world. It is with this in mind that the Sustainable
Habitats newsletter embarks upon a mission to disseminate information to
various stakeholders.
Without recognition of the importance of basic preparedness and appropriate
infrastructure, our cities would hardly provide an improved quality of life. Nor
would we achieve a sustainable future for humanity. We, therefore, need to strive
towards improved and sustainable habitats as an essential goal for livable cities.
Dr R K Pachauri
Director-General, TERI A TERI Publication
Perspectives
T
his month, our newsletter explores the concept of long-term well being of its citizens. In terms of comparable
livable cities, in support of World Habitat day and deliverables, however, Delhi continues to face widespread
its theme— “Better City, Better Life.” In thinking criticism over the planning and construction for the
about what a livable city means, it is important to survey Commonwealth Games. This reflects the lack of ownership
global urban experiences with regard to quality of life and and cohesion amongst its citizens, and perhaps a lack of
issues of livability. In a city, livability involves a plethora integrated planning and implementation approach on part
of issues: safety, education, hygiene, healthcare, culture, of the civic bodies.
environment, recreation, political and economic stability, We should all take pride in the opportunity that
and public transport. the Games offer us to upgrade our quality of life in the
Mega games and sporting events can promote and pose long term, rather than taking a shortsighted view of
an obstacle to livable cities.This raises questions of livability criticisms and focusing on what has gone wrong. Although
and how one’s city can best be showcased to outsiders. construction for the Commonwealth Games village began
Various cities, at different points of time, have become almost on time, livability of the village, its inhabitants, and
more livable for their citizens when they have availed of the visiting athletes remains questionable after construction
opportunities to upgrade the quality of life for its residents has ended. The building complex has incorporated several
and visitors. To mark the 2010 Expo, the city of Shanghai green and environment-friendly concepts, implemented
witnessed advanced planning and infrastructure upgrading. meticulously throughout the project implementation
I was privileged to be part of one of their planning exercise process. Despite these efforts and huge investments, the
held ten years ago, wherein the city had envisioned the project continues to be criticized. This demonstrates that in
urban challenges that the expo would pose and started spite of good intentions, the success of a project lies in how
thinking and acting on them well in advance. Similarly, it is conceptualized and implemented, from start to finish.
Beijing underwent huge efforts last year to prepare itself for It highlights the need to maintain and manage these spaces
the Olympic Games. The question then becomes, whose after construction processes are completed.
livability is being promoted—tourists, citizens, vulnerable Instead of dwelling on the undesirable aspects, Delhiites
populations? And, how can it provide the greatest benefits should collectively demand and participate in policy and
to the largest number of people? planning priorities through properly implemented projects.
This year the Canadian city of Vancouver hosted the We need to take pride in our cities, and projecting our city
Winter Olympics. It has consistently ranked as one of the positively is a core component to imagining and enabling
most livable cities in the world for the multifaceted way in a sustainable and livable urban future. Without availing
which it promotes quality of life for its citizens. Nevertheless, of the opportunities presented, we risk the undesirable
the city availed of the opportunity to renew and upgrade consequence of an unlivable and unsustainable city.
itself for the sporting event, and as a result invested in the
Image credit: 2010, Lalit Dalal Image credit: 2010, Lalit Dalal Image credit: 2009, John W. Burkhart
TERI Research – ‘An exploration of sustainability in the provision of basic urban services in
Indian cities’
In 2008, TERI began its first ever work on an integrated approach to sustainability issues and solutions in Indian
cities. Comprising a team of experts drawn from various sectors, this project explored sustainability in provision of
basic urban services in Indian cities as a first and key step to making Indian cities sustainable.
The study devised definitions of sustainability per sector as well as detailed recommendations for policy-makers to
increase the sustainable provision of these services. The final report released in April 2009 was well received by the
Government of India and has been widely disseminated amongst state and city governments.
L
ocated in Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry) on interested in participating, learning or implementing similar
India’s Coromandel Coast, the town of Auroville goals of ‘environmentally-responsible living.’ The website
is a model for environmentally sustainable building encourages global engagement to implement Auroville’s
practices in India. Rooted in a tradition of environmental vision of environmental responsibility into a reality.
activism, architects focus on sustainable construction, The Auroville tradition of experimentation and practice
green buildings, environmental management, and planning reflects the creativity and innovation of its inhabitants,
priorities. Given its diverse population and a growing and reflects the benefits of constructing freely without
international community, it serves as an experimental site ‘stifling building regulations.’ Many architects here
to implement sustainable practices. focus on ensuring that materials and processes are as
Auroville was founded in 1968 and promotes the vision environmentally-sensitive and sustainable as possible.
of The Mother from the Sri Aurobindo Ashram. It is known They are known to use a range of building technologies
globally for its work to promote social and environmental and forms. Community participation guides sustainable
sustainability. Auroville is unique in its successful attempts construction practices in the town and stems from a legacy
at promoting sustainable practices and ecologically- of environmental awareness. The tradition integrates a
responsible living in India, dating to the 1960s when variety of styles, which seek to minimize ecological impact
residents began planting trees to revitalize the land and and, therefore, enhance the quality of life of inhabitants.
promote rainwater harvesting. This legacy has fostered a Construction practices and plans range from building
space to explore innovative solutions that address global thatch houses with reinforced concrete, single homes,
challenges such as deforestation and energy and resource apartment complexes, and public buildings. Indigenous
management. The town promotes sustainable building and materials and knowledge traditions are used and adapted
construction practices in the context of an environmentally while experimenting with technologies like ‘reinforced
sustainable township. earth blocks’ and ‘ferro-cement.’
Auroville has benefited from being small, with low levels The town’s holistic approach to habitats and livability
of urbanization. However, planners face the challenge of offers key best practices such as working with indigenous
crafting a master plan for a town of 50 000 Indian and materials and involving communities.The tradition extends
international inhabitants, which tends to conflict with existing the sustainability of buildings to the community, and
land use and human settlement patterns. Architects and reflects the benefits of integrated, future-oriented planning
design consultants have set up an Integrated Green Practices to implement shared visions for a sustainable future.
T
he Delhi Nullahs is an urban renewal project plans of the city, many major cultural venues in Delhi
conceptualized by architecture firm Morphogenesis. could be connected via the nullahs’ alternative transport
It aims to “transform Delhi’s antique, sewage- network. Revitalized urban public areas would open up
laden open storm water networks into a blueprint for new spaces for social and cultural interactions. Linking
sustainable transport, environmental management, and historic monuments, concert halls, and art galleries would
cultural interaction in cities.” It seeks to do so by reusing and allow citizens and visitors to navigate the city while directly
revitalizing the city’s ancient and neglected water drainage engaging with history and public art, for instance.
networks. To address the environmental impact of improper
Nullah is a Hindi term for ravines that traditionally served drainage, the nullahs could serve as a route to clean its
as open storm water canals. The 700-year-old, 350-km- drain system, thereby alleviating the pressure on Delhi’s
long networks have now become increasingly problematic. environmental resources. The project website highlights
Particularly during the monsoons, these nullahs tend that, “By treating sewage on-site in micro STPs rather than
to overflow with garbage as well as sewage. They emit a at the river, wastewater can be reused rather than discarded
strong odour, offer breeding sites for mosquitoes, and run into the river. If this happens, 80% of the pollution in the
pollutants into the Yamuna River. Yamuna River will disappear, further allowing wildlife to
In response to these and other livability issues, thrive again. Native plants can be used to slow the surface
Morphogenesis began exploring how an intervention to runoff and allow storm water to infiltrate back into the
revitalize the nullahs would renew and ultimately transform ground to recharge the water table rather than into the storm
the surrounding spaces. Revitalizing the nullah networks sewers.” Improving the drainage network would prevent
could directly address several urban challenges experienced flooding and reduce the risk of water-borne diseases.
in the city. This would occur by transforming the nullah The project promotes several quality of life parameters—
network into new sites for alternative transportation, green public spaces, cultural networks, and opportunities to
cultural interaction, and environmental sustainability. walk and bicycle in the city. Combining planning and renewal
To address air pollution and problems stemming from to create hygienic, environmentally sustainable, and livable
Delhi’s car dependence, the nullah network would re- spaces is a crucial, creative endeavour for India’s capital. The
connect historically navigable spaces within the city. The renewed nullahs could transform Delhi into a more livable
revamped network would enable alternate, sustainable city from multiple practical dimensions—using existing
transport options; it could serve as walking or bicycle routes waste systems and underused land to recycle and recreate.
and point-to-point links for mass public transport options Restoring these nullahs is an opportunity to revitalize and
like metro, train, and buses. Envisioned as a green network, strengthen Delhi’s historic networks for a sustainable future,
trees planted alongside the nullahs would offer shade and driven by alternative and democratic engagement within
evaporative cooling to pedestrians, among other benefits. the city.
A
s we try to encourage the sustainable building addition to labour through improved wages for improved
movement across India based on our experiences skills; they are also less detrimental to health since it does
over the last 20 years, here are some points to not involve painting.
consider: Sustainable buildings have to be encouraged through
local building by-laws, which permit and make legal all
components of the design and materials. In Bengaluru,
The sustainable movement seems to have developed a focus basements used to be ‘illegal’ for residential homes; now,
on institutional buildings; emphasis should also be placed they have been ‘legalized’ but not in a focused manner, such
on homes and residences across India. Individual, single as with design requirements that encourage the use of the
storey, and double storey residences are mushrooming in scooped-out earth.
areas where infrastructure and employment opportunities Financial incentives come through serendipity such as
exist. This is a large base, which certainly needs to follow less property tax on buildings built with earth and tiles—
sustainable principles. considered part of a poor man’s home. These need to be
Sustainable local resources—materials, labour, and incentivized by capturing the positive externalities and the
skills—need to be mapped and used. We have found earth inherent benefits they bring to society, and transferring
to be a wonderful material; incorporating it into design and some of the benefits to the building owner. These can be
construction, for example by scooping earth out from a through soft loans or tax breaks.
basement and making earth blocks or rammed earth, can Local resources such as water (through rainwater
achieve great savings on energy and ecological resources. harvesting), wastewater (through wastewater treatment and
Skill sets in sustainable buildings need to be developed recycling), and energy (through solar, wind, biogas, and os
at stages including design, engineering, and construction to on) can all be optimized; but, the scale of sustainability
respond to the need. needs a larger framework of encouragement. For example,
Externalities of the damage that building materials cause rainwater harvesting being mandated in Bengaluru has
need to be addressed through local sustainable sourcing: enabled its incorporation into all buildings, while saving
mining of sand from riverbeds, damage to lakes and tanks considerably on water requirements and reducing the
from brick making, and the use of wood from old forests, ecological footprint.
for example. The market price of materials should account
for ecological costs and the miner/manufacturer should in
turn invest in sustainable mining/manufacturing practices. In short, social, technical, institutional, financial, legal, and
The socio-economic benefits and economic stimulus ecological frameworks must be simultaneously developed
that sustainable buildings bring should be highlighted to and made to work together to ensure sustainable buildings
win greater support from policy-makers. Employment on a greater scale.
opportunities created in earth buildings offer greater value
Sustainable habitats
I
n 2000, a whole new scenario opened up in India. were on 24 x 7, anything anytime as long as there was a quick
If one reflected on the early part of the last century, buck to be made. This was the time realtors, like vultures,
the word ‘architecture’ was only a conversation piece had been waiting for. They swooped in, encouraged by the
amongst the elite. People were not aware of it; at best, they moneybags and banks, to grab and exploit any land within
heard whispers of parks, palaces, and Luxor as spaces of the sight while naïve people were pushed. Easy loans with
privileged. In India, the study of architecture was evident low interest rates bonded the simple human for life. Like
only in the thirties, stuttered in the fifties, bloomed in the herds, they were pushed into condominiums and low and
eighties and nineties, and now strains to explode through high rises. If any showed a sense of discernment, they were
schools all over the country. It is immaterial whether there placated with Interior design changes, external landscapes,
are teachers to teach and students to study; the demand for and clubs that filled their egos.
architects in their various avatars—from urban designers to Habitat—what is it all about? Ekistics—the science and
interior designers—is growing at unthinkable speeds. One art of human habitation for decent living could only smile.
can hardly tread carefully; it is a rush to outdo each other. What is a neighbourhood—what are values that make life
Art and technology whose integration is the very essence worth living? How is the human different from all other
of architecture are barely able to hold each other’s hands, creatures on this Earth? He is the only creature who needs
leave alone their minds. Amidst this rush, a new awareness care, clothing, and shelter apart from the five elements and
and consciousness cropped up. Intellectual minds and the in addition entertainment and the will to live a full life.
media emerged out of its slumber to ask the question— One cannot guarantee joy and happiness. But, it is certainly
what are we doing to our environment? possible to have a healthy living environment. Why and
Population explosion and urbanization became what makes an Indian keep his/her home clean within,
buzzwords. For the first time, bureaucrats and politicians and so dirty, filthy, and shabby beyond? Questions keep
were at a total loss. Independent India shifted gears and racing and coherence and disconnect creep in. Where does
surged into automatic without any comprehendible one start and how does one sustain what one somehow
rhyme or reason. As the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has managed to design and give positive meaning to? What
grew, people en masse shifted classes and their anchors. is the architects’ role? Can he make a difference? Will the
Agriculture was no longer the diktat. Yes, the monsoons builder–realtor–politician nexus even dream of allowing
still play a part, but it is more political than actual reality. this? There are too many questions and hurdles. Answers are
Urbanization, not only of the major metropolises, but also few and far between. But, the challenge must be appreciated
of second and third tier cities has surged with such rapidity and faced. This is one profession with the ability to make
that the process of metamorphosis lost control. Everyone abstraction fuse with reality. It is this value-add to every
was everywhere—the carpetbagger to the opportunistic human family that will make any proud individual’s soul
politician and the rule-binding bureaucrats made hay. to shout—yes, it is worth living. From the poorest through
Industry and business egged by media and marketing gurus the middle class to the riches, home is where the heart is.
The Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is the National Rating System of India.
It was conceived by TERI and developed jointly with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,
Government of India. It is a green building ‘design evaluation system,’ suitable for all kinds of buildings
in different climatic zones of the country. Seventy projects have been registered by GRIHA and the
GRIHA
rating is currently used to evaluate institutional, commercial, and residential buildings.
T
he GRIHA Secretariat in ADaRSH is organizing support to conduct green building programmes. GRIHA
a series of Training Programmes on GRIHA and certified professionals can seek support and organize
integrated approach to designing green buildings. GRIHA programmes in their own right with the technical
ADaRSH’s activities are supported by the Ministry of support of the GRIHA Secretariat.
New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. The With nearly hundred qualified trainers and close to
programmes, started in Delhi, were very popular with eighty evaluators, we have ambassadors for GRIHA in many
participants and there was keen interest in taking them to towns and cities across India. Our growing pool of certified
other cities and towns in the country. professionals are engaging with local communities and
Over the last one year, we have conducted ten programmes governments in changing the way new constructions happen
of which four were in Delhi and one each in Pune, in this country. Many city governments are considering
Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, and Kolkata. policy measures to promote green buildings within their
Five hundred building professionals have been trained in jurisdiction.
GRIHA. Our programmes also give an opportunity for The Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation
qualified professionals with requisite experience to enroll (PCMC) has come forward to promote green buildings
with GRIHA as a Trainer or an Evaluator after taking the with tax incentives. GRIHA Rating is chosen as the basis
relevant exams. for disbursing the incentives. A stakeholder meeting
GRIHA is enabling committed and competent building was held on 21 September 2010 at the Auto Cluster
professionals to take the message of green buildings Exhibition Auditorium in Pimpri with stakeholders seeking
forward through the trainer and evaluator certifications. feedback on the PCMC’s proposed measures, which were
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy gives financial enthusiastically received by the participants.
Certified trainers and evaluators from recent GRIHA workshops held in Mumbai and New Delhi.
Events
The first GRIHA conference was held on 4 January 2010 at the India Habitat Centre, New Delhi. It was attended
by over 400 professionals from different disciplines like architecture, engineering, construction management,
and so on. The conference focused on the micro and macro aspects of developing green buildings and habitats.
This year’s conference builds upon previous year’s themes and includes a parallel two-day exhibition on green
building materials.
TENTATIVE AGENDA
7 January 2011 8 January 2011
10:30–10:30 Inaugural Session 10:00–10:30 GRIHA updates and open forum with ADaRSH and
10:30–11:15 Inauguration of Exhibition followed by Tea MNRE
11:15–11:30 Keynote speech by an Industry Captain 10:30–11:00 Tea
11:40–13:30 Technical Session I: Innovative Strategies and 11:00–12:30 Technical Session III: Green Design for Affordable
Technologies for Green Habitats Housing
1:30–14:30 Lunch 12:30–13:00 Presentation on the Power of Conservation
14:30–16:30 Technical Session II: Power of Integrated Approach 13:00–14:00 Lunch
to Design: Economics, Environment, and Education 14:00–15:30 Technical Session IV: Conserving and Transforming
16:30–17:00 Tour of exhibition, Tea and closure the Existing Buildings for the Future
15:30–16:00 Tea
16:00–17:00 Valedictory
17:15–17:30 Closing Session
CONTACT
Shriya Malhotra (Editor)
E-mail: shriya.malhotra@teri.res.in
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about
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) is an autonomous, not-for-profit research institute
committed to every aspect of sustainable development. It’s work ranges from providing
environment-friendly innovative solutions to rural energy problems to tackling global climate
change issues.
The Sustainable Habitats Division at TERI is comprised of the Center for Research on Sustainable
Building Science (CRSBS) and the Center for Research on Sustainable Urban Development and
Transport Systems (CRSUDTS).
CRSBS is dedicated to all aspects of energy and resource efficiency in buildings and has been
offering environmental design solutions for habitat and buildings of various complexities and
functions for nearly two decades. It consists of architects, planners, engineers, and environmental
specialists who specialize in urban and rural planning, low energy architecture and electro-
mechanical systems, water and waste management and renewable energy systems. A regional
center in Bangalore has been set up to facilitate development and mainstreaming of sustainable
buildings, improve performance levels of existing buildings, and raise awareness on sustainable
buildings in Southern India. CRSBS supports GRIHA, a group of engineers and architects
dedicated to rating resource efficient buildings that meet specific requirements.
CRSUDTS works extensively on various urban issues with an aim to promote sustainable urban
development. It was established in 1999 in response to the growing urban demands, particularly
in the urban infrastructure sectors. CRSUDTS is involved in research related to urban transport
and sustainability issues. It’s activities range from carrying out energy-environment related
analysis, giving inputs to policy and planning, improving urban service provision and governance,
carrying out sustainability assessments, exploring climate change implications and carrying out
capacity building for various stakeholders, all in the context of the transport and urban
development sectors.
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Sustainable Habitats Division, The Energy and Resources Institute
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Tel. (+91 11) 2468 2100 and 4150 4900 • Fax (+91 11) 2468 2144 and 2468 2145
For more information visit our websites: <www.teriin.org>, <www.sustainable-buildings.org>, and
<www.high-performancebuildings.org>