Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOCQs
Chapter 15 iv

1 a
2-methylpentane:
 [1]
i C6H14[1]
b CnH2n + 2[1]
ii CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3[1]
c 2-methylpentane and 2,3-dimethylbutane;[1]
iii H H H H H
structural isomerism [1]
H C C C C C H d Compounds with the same molecular
H H H H
formula[1]
H C H but different structural formulae (or
 [1] displayed formulae). [1]
H
iv e 2,4-dimethylpentane[1]
Total = 18
 [1]
2 a No double bonds / only single bonds; [1]
3-ethylpentane: compound of C and H only. [1]
i C7H16[1] b Non-polar nature / lack of polarity [1]
ii CH3CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH3[1] of C–H bond. [1]
iii H c i CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O[2]
[1 mark for correct formulae; 1 mark for
H C H
balancing]
ii C2H6 + 3 12  O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
H C H
H H H H
or
2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O[2]
H C C C C C H [1 mark for correct formulae; 1 mark for
balancing]
H H H H H  [1] Total = 8
iv
3 a free-radical substitution [1]
 [1] b CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr [2]
[1 mark for correct formulae; 1 mark for
2,3-dimethylbutane:
balancing]
i C6H14[1] c homolytic fission [1]
ii
CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2[1] d UV/sunlight[1]
iii H to break Br–Br bond [1]
e i Br2 → 2Br• [2]
H C H
H H H [1 mark for correct formulae; 1 mark for
showing free radical correctly]
H C C C C H
ii Br• + CH4 → CH3• + HBr
H H H or
H C H
CH3• + Br2 → CH3Br + Br• [2]
H  [1] [1 mark for correct formulae; 1 mark for
showing free radicals correctly]
iii CH3• + Br• → CH3Br
or

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Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions

CH3• + CH3• → C2H6[2] each carbon in the C=C double bond has two
[1 mark for correct formulae; 1 mark for different groups attached. [1]
showing free radicals correctly] e H3C CH2 H H3C H
Total = 12
C C C C
4 a Mr = 30.0 [1] H H H3C H
1.50 is 0.0500 mol[1]
30.0 but-1-ene methylpropene
b Mr = 64.5 [1]
1.29 is 0.0200 mol[1] H3C CH3 H3C H
64.5
c 0.0200
0.0500 [1]
C C C C

= 40.0% [1] H H H CH3

d 0.05 × 0.6 × 64.5[1] cis-but-2-ene [8]
trans-but-2-ene
= 1.94 g[1] [1 mark for each structure; 1 mark for each
Total = 8 name]
5 a
propene: f H3C CH2 CH3 H3C CH3

C C C C
i C3H6[1]
ii CH3CH=CH2[1] H3C H H3C CH2 H

iii
H3C H trans-methyl-pent-2-ene cis-methyl-pent-2-ene
[1 mark for each correct isomer; 1 mark for
C C
cis/trans labelled correctly]  [3]
H H [1] Total = 27
iv
6 a CH3CH=CH2 + Br2 → CH3CHBrCH2Br[1]
 [1]
cis-pent-2-ene: b CH3CH=CH2 + H2 → CH3CH2CH3[1]
nickel catalyst [1]
i C5H10[1]
manufacture of margarine [1]
ii CH3CH2CH=CHCH3[1]
c CH3CH=CH2 + HBr → CH3CH2CH2Br or
iii
H3C CH2 CH3 CH3CHBrCH3
C C  [2]
H H d CH3CH=CH2 + H2O → CH3CH2CH2OH or
 [1]
CH3CHOHCH3
iv [2]
 [1] H3PO4 catalyst [1]
trans-pent-2-ene: Total = 9
i C5H10[1]
ii CH3CH2CH=CHCH3[1] 7 a having one or more double bonds [1]
iii H
b As well as a σ bond [1]
H3C CH2
there is a π bond caused by overlapping
C C p orbitals.[1]
H CH3 [1] c planar;  [1]
iv all bond angles about 120° [1]
 [1] d A functional group gives particular chemical
b CnH2n[1] properties.[1]
C=C double bond [1]
c cis- and trans-pent-2-ene[1]
e Add bromine water; [1]
d Restricted rotation at double bond; [1] alkenes decolorise it. [1]
Total = 9
Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press 2014
 Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions

8 a electrophilic addition [1] c HCl is acidic; [1]

b C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2 [2] it can be removed by neutralising it with a
c heterolytic fission [1] basic substance, e.g. calcium hydroxide /
H dissolving it in water to form hydrochloric
d H H acid.[1]
C H C Br Total = 7
Br Br Br –
C δ+ δ– C
+
H H H H

H C Br

H C Br

H
for instantaneous dipole on bromine
molecule[1]
for curly arrow from double bond [1]
for bond breaking in bromine molecule [1]
for bond forming from bromide ion [1]
for structure of product [1]
e Br2[1]
An electrophile is an electron-pair acceptor.
[1]
Total = 11

9 a Mr = 28.0 [1]
2.80
2.80 g is 28.0 mol = 0.100 mol[1]
b Mr = 99.0 [1]
8.91 g is 8.91
99.0 mol = 0.0900 mol[1]
c 0.0900
0.100 [1]
= 90.0% [1]
d 80.0% of 0.100 mol is 0.0800 mol[1]
0.0800 mol is 0.0800 × 99.0 g = 7.92 g[1]
Total = 8

10

a H H
H H

n C C C C

H Cl H Cl
[1] n
for displayed formula of poly(chloroethene)
[1]
for brackets and n[1]
b They take up valuable space; [1]
they are non-biodegradable. [1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press 2014