EXERCISE THERAPY I AND STM OR BASIC BIOMECHANICS

2007 (sep- oct)

1. Write about fundamental standing position. Discuss its muscle work,
effects & uses.
2. Explain the Physiological effects of exercise on musculoskeletal, cardio
respiratory and endocrine system.
3. Define massage. Classify massage. Discuss friction manipulation in detail.
4. Define Goniometry and explain principles of Goniometry. Explain
different methods for measuring joint ROM.
2008 (oct-nov)
1. Explain ‘postural reflex” and factors influencing good posture.
2. Define active movement. Discuss about the principles of Resisted
Exercise.
3. Write in detail about technique for Oedematous (Rt) upper limb with its
therapeutic effects.
4. Write about fundamental standing position and discuss its muscle work,
effects and uses.
2009 (oct-nov)
1. Write in detail the fundamental kneeling position. Discuss prone kneeling
in detail.
2. Discuss the principles of Goniometry in detail.
3. Write in detail the contraindication to soft tissue manipulation.
4. Discuss in detail the respiratory percussions including the
contraindications and caution.
2010 (sep-oct)
1. Discuss in detail the mechanics of breathing. Mention the muscles of
respiration.
2. Write down the fundamental lying position and its muscle work. Discuss
briefly any two derived positions of lying.
3. discuss postural re education in detail.
4. Types of resistances used in resisted exercises.
2011 (sep-oct)
1. Explain ambulatory assistive devices.
2. Define active movement. Discuss effects and uses of active movement.
3. What is limb length discrepancy? Explain methods of limb length
measurement.
4. Define & classify massage. Explain its physiological effects on human
tissues
2012 (Aug)
1. Classification of Massage. Discuss indications and effects of effleurage.
2. Explain nervous control of movement.
3. Define Gait and explain phases of normal gait and gait parameters.
4. Define Posture, types of posture and factors affecting posture.
2013 (aug)
1. Define Massage. Describe in detail about effleurage.
2. Explain system of lever with Anatomical and mechanical examples.
3. Explain kneeling and its derived positions.
4. Discuss trick movements with its types in detail.
2013 (dec)
1. Define and describe Lever with Anatomical examples.
2. Define Massage. Discuss in detail about positioning of patient for massage
manipulation.
3. What is an ideal posture? Discuss factors responsible for poor posture
with its management.
4. Define suspension. Explain types of suspension. Describe the application
of suspension therapy to strengthen shoulder flexors.
2014 (aug)
1. Define massage. Write contraindications of massage in detail.
2. Write the aim of exercise therapy. How will you approach the patient’s
problem?
3. Write in detail the fundamental kneeling position. Discuss half Kneeling
in detail.
4. Write principles of Goniometry in detail.
2014 (nov dec)
1. What is lever? Write Types of lever in detail with anatomical example.
2. Define massage. Write physiological effects of Massage in detail.
3. Write in detail about active movements with its types.
4. Write about derived positions of kneeling with its effects and uses.
2015 (aug)
1. Classify massage. Write in detail friction manipulation.
2. Write in detail about Physiological effects of exercises on
cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal system.
3. Define resisted exercise. Explain in detail about techniques of resisted
exercise.
4. Explain in detail types of suspension with its indications,
contraindications, benefits and limitations.
2016 (Jan)
1. Write in detail about Physiological effects of exercises on
cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal system.
2. What are the goals of breathing exercise? Write in detail about
Diaphragmatic and segmental breathing exercise.
3. How will you train a patient for crutch walking from non weight bearing
phase to full weight bearing phase?
4. Define active movement. Discuss effects and uses of active movement.
2016 (July)
1. Discuss in detail the therapeutic uses of soft tissue manipulations.
2. Write down the goals and precautions of breathing exercise. Discuss
segmental breathing exercise in detail.
3. Write in detail the fundamental kneeling position and its muscle work.
Discuss briefly any two derived positions of kneeling.
4. Define resisted exercise. Write down effects and uses of the same. Discuss
PRE in detail.
2016 (dec) (2017 Jan)
1. Discuss in detail the physiological effects of soft tissue manipulations.
2. Discuss in detail the therapeutic uses of soft tissue manipulations.
3. Write in detail the fundamental sitting position and its muscle work.
Discuss briefly any two derived positions of sitting.
4. Define resisted exercise. Write down the effects and uses of the same.
Discuss types of resistances used in resisted exercise in detail.

Write short notes 5

Sept-oct 2007
1. Frenkel’ exercise
2. Psychological effects of exercises
3. Resistance exercises
4. Difference between concentric and eccentric muscle work
5. Effects and uses of relaxed passive movement
6. Elbow crutches
7. Define posture and factors affecting posture
8. Advantages and disadvantages of group exercise
9. Causes of restricted ROM
10. 2nd order lever and its significance
11. Free exercises
12. Axial suspension and vertical suspension
Oct-nov 2008

1. Active & passive insufficiency

2. Home exercise.
3. Methods of supratrochantric limb measurement.
4. Principles of Goniometry
5. “four point” crutch gait
6. Contraindication of massage manipulation.
7. Types of muscle contraction and its effects
8. Principles of resisted exercise
9. Frenkel’ exercise
10. Types of passive movements
11. Good and bad posture
12. Segmental breathing with its significance
Sept oct 2009
1. Types of muscle work.
2. Changes in thoracic cage during respiration
3. Segmental breathing exercise.
4. Effects and uses of assisted exercise
5. Principles of suspension therapy
6. Body levers
7. Reinforced kneading
8. Petrissage
9. Basic points to be considered before and during massage procedure
10. Prone lying with forearm support
11. Good posture
12. Effects and uses of free exercise

Sept-oct 2010

1. Effects and uses of relaxed passive movement

2. Types of muscle work.
3. Stretch standing and toe standing
4. Types of Goniometers
5. Comparision of active and passive movements
6. Causes of restriction of joint ROM
7. Poor posture
8. Physiological effects of percussion
9. Rolling – purpose and use
10. Bridging
11. Effects and uses of assisted exercises
12. Physiological effects of effleurage
 Sept-oct 2011

1. Principles of Goniometry
2. Derived position of kneeling
3. Types of suspension therapy
4. Group exercises
5. Muscle work in pelvic tilt
6. Types of synergists
7. Factors affecting posture
8. De Lorme method of PRE
9. Manual versus mechanical resisted exercises
10. Trick movements
11. Postural reflex
12. Angle of pull

Aug- 2012

1. Types of muscle work with examples

2. Assessment of patient’s condition
3. Angle of pull
4. Explain friction in detail
5. Free execise
6. Suspension therapy
7. Goniometry
8. Trick movements

Aug- 2013
1. Group actions of muscles
2. Home exercise
3. Equilibrium
4. Lubricants used in Massage Manipulation
5. Good posture
6. Limb length measurement
7. How will you record ROM?
8. Active movement V/s passive movement

Dec 2013

1. Active and passive insufficiency

2. Principles of yoga.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of Group exercise
4. Physiological effects of exercise
5. Parallel bar activities as pre crutch training phase
6. Effects and uses of free exercise
7. Factors affecting joint ROM
8. Types of resistance used in resisted exercise
 Aug 2014

1. Active and passive insufficiency

2. Equilibrium
3. Advantages and disadvantages of Group exercise
4. Difference between closed chain and open chain kinematics
5. Factors affecting good and poor posture
6. Pelvic tilt
7. Free exercise
8. Discuss types of suspension

Nov - dec 2014

1. Types of muscle work

2. Force analysis
3. Principles of yoga.
4. Group exercises
5. Limb length measurement
6. Good posture
7. Difference between manual and mechanical resisted exercise
8. Pelvic tilt

Aug 2015

1. Angle of pull
2. Active and passive insufficiency
3. Principles of yoga.
4. Apparent limb length measurement
5. Pelvic tilt
6. Types of Goniometer
7. Factors influencing good posture
8. Any two derived positions of kneeling

Jan 2016

1. Apparent limb length measurement

2. Types of muscle work
3. Angle of pull
4. Force analysis
5. PRE
6. Pelvic tilt
7. Derived position of sitting
8. Factors affecting posture
 July – 2016

1. Anatomical pulley
2. Group exercise
3. Active and passive insufficiency
4. Nervous control of movement
5. Types of suspension therapy
6. Principles of Goniometry
7. Factors affecting poor posture
8. Limb length discrepancy

2016dec

1. Anatomical Lever.
2. Home exercise
3. Types of muscle work
4. Axis and plane
5. Effects and uses of active assisted exercises
6. Derived positions of kneeling
7. Pelvic tilt
8. Gait training with axillary crutches
Very short notes 3 marks
Sept-oct 2007
1. IAP definition of physiotherapy
2. Apparent limb length measurement
3. Types of muscle contraction.
4. Aims of physical therapy
5. Oxford’s technique of PRE.
6. Oedema measurement for ankle
7. Home exercises
8. Significance of pursed lip breathing
9. Contraindications of massage
10. Trick movements
Oct-nov 2008
1. Aims of physiotherapy
2. Zenovieff’s technique of PRE
3. Effects of exercise on cardiac system
4. End feel
5. Pelvic tilt
6. Trick movements
7. 2nd order lever
8. Friction massage
9. Walking aids
 10. Different types of Goniometers
Sept-oct 2009
1. Center of gravity
2. Springs
3. advantages of group exercise
4. Trick movements
5. Lateral tilting of pelvis
6. Limb length measurement
7. Lubricant
8. Draping
9. Shaking manipulation
10. Physiological effects of superficial stroking

Sept-oct 2010
1. Prone kneeling
2. Pulley
3. Sticks
4. Advantages of suspension therapy
5. Lateral tilt of pelvis
6. Mac Queen’s technique
7. Basis of classification of massage
8. Contact and continuity
9. Reinforced kneading
10. Contraindications and cautions to respiratory percussion

Sept- oct 2011

1. Muscles used for crutch walking
2. Home exercise
3. Apparatus used in suspension therapy
4. Equilibrium
5. Pursed lip breathing
6. Gravity
7. Free exercises for hip joint
8. Lubricants
9. Assisted exercises
10. Sign and symptoms of muscle fatigue
Aug 2012

1. Active and passive insufficiency

2. Aims and objectives of exercise therapy
3. Axis and plane of movement
4. Principles of yoga
5. Types of muscle work
6. Indications and contraindications of massage
7. Uses of passive movements
8. Uses of starting position
9. Active assisted exercise
10. End feel
11. Muscle required for performing non weight bearing crutch walking
12. Limb length measurement
Aug- 2013
1. IAP definition of physiotherapy
2. Types of synergists.
3. Difference between closed chain and open chain kinematics
4. Newton’s law of motion
5. Uses of friction in physiotherapy
6. Swing muscle and shunt muscle
7. Causes of restriction of motion
8. Walk standing
9. Classification of free exercise
10. Progression of resisted exercise
11. Use of ambulatory devices on stairs
12. Girth measurement
Dec 2013
1. Types of muscle work
2. Angle of pull
3. Define Elasticity, Plasticity, Hooke’s law
4. Hanging
5. Normal end feel
6. Principles of giving relaxed passive movement
7. Types of Goniometer
8. Any two derived position of lying
9. Crutch walking
Aug- 2014
1. Uses of friction in physiotherapy
2. Base of support
3. Difference between yoga therapy and exercise therapy
4. Angle of muscle pull
5. Anatomical levers
6. Types of muscle contraction
7. Factors affecting joint ROM
8. All possible gait patterns for crutch walking
9. Oxford technique of PRE
10. Trick movements
11. Effects and uses of relaxed passive movements
12. End feel

Nov- dec 2014

1. Axes and planes

2. Aims of physiotherapy
3. Newton’s law of motion
4. Define: Agonist, Antagonist and synergist
5. Define: equilibrium, BOS and line of gravity
6. Uses of parallel bar
7. Factors affecting joint ROM
8. Oxford technique of PRE
9. Enumerate derived position of sitting
10. Limitation of suspension therapy
11. Swing and shunt muscle
12. Elbow crutch
Aug- 2015
1. Physiological effects of effleurage
2. Define: Agonist, Antagonist and synergist
3. Differentiate type I and type II muscle fibres
4. Pursed lip breathing
5. Lubricants
6. Advantages of group exercise
7. Manual resistance v/s mechanical resistance
8. Normal end feel
9. Definition, classification and effects of passive movement
 10. Four point crutch gait pattern
11. Oxford method of resisted exercise
12. Gait sequence – three point gait – ascending and descending

Jan 2016
1. Physiological effects of effleurage
2. Define : Lever, equilibrium and base of support
3. Pulley
4. Advantages of group exercise
5. Newton’s laws of motion
6. Types of synergists
7. Effects and uses of resisted exercise
8. Types of goniometer
9. Pendular suspension
10. Oxford scale of muscle testing
11. Normal end feel
12. Indications and contraindications of passive movements
July2016
1. Draping in soft tissue manipulations
2. Swing and shunt muscle
3. Types of equilibrium
4. Local contraindications of soft tissue manipulations
5. Reinforced kneading
6. Aims of exercise therapy
7. Normal end feel
8. Purpose of derived position
9. Phases of normal gait
10. Posture – definition and types
11. Types of goniometers
12. Non weight bearing gait with axillary crutches
Dec 2016
1. Open and closed kinematic chain
2. Role of friction in physiotherapy
3. Angle of pull
4. Contact and continuity in soft tissue manipulations
5. Lubricants
6. Aims of exercise therapy
7. Delorm and Watkin’s method of PRE
8. Purpose of derived position
9. True limb length discrepancy
10. Poor posture
11. Movement classification
12. End feel