CELLULAR

RESPIRATION
 Includes metabolic pathways
 Begins with glucose and ends
with carbon dioxide & water
 Overall equation (aerobic)
 Glucose-high energy molecule
 Electrons are removed from
substrates & received by oxygen
(oxidation)
OVERALL DESCRIPTION

 Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is

released
 Glucose is released slowly and
ATP is produced gradually
 Breakdown of glucose yields 38
ATP
 Each reaction is catalyzed by
 its own enzyme
 COMPONENTS OF
OVERALL PROCESS
 Glycolysis
 Transition Reaction
 Kreb’s Cycle
 Electron Transport
 GLYCOLYSIS

 Begins with the two

phosphorylations using 2 ATP
 Sugar cleavage occurs
 Oxidations (dehydrogenations)
occur
 2 ATP form. Aerobic or
anaerobic respiration may follow
 GLYCOLYSIS

 Definition
 1. Gain of 2 ATP
 2. Occurs in the cytoplasm
 3. Does not require oxygen
AEROBIC RESPIRATION

 The Transition Reaction

 The Kreb’s Cycle
 The Electron Transport System
 Pyruvic Acid broken down into
carbon dioxide and water
 Takes place in the mitochondria
 THE TRANSITION
REACTION
 Pyruvic acid is oxidized to
Acetyl Co A and carbon dioxide
is removed
 THE KREB’S CYCLE

 1. Number of 0xidations
(dehydrogenations) occur
 2. Carbon dioxide is produced
 3. 2 immediate ATP are produced
per molecule of glucose.
 The cycle turns twice for each
glucose molecule.
 THE ELECTRON
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
 1. Series of carriers accepts electrons .
Electrons are passed from carrier to
carrier until received by oxygen.
 Electrons pass from higher to lower
energy state
 Once formed ATP diffuses out of the
mitochondria.


 ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION OR
FERMENTATION
 Pyruvic acid is a pivotal
metabolite in cellular respiration
 If oxygen is not available to the
cell, fermentation, an anaerobic
process occurs
 Lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and
 carbon dioxide is formed &2ATP
 ENERGY YIELD FROM
GLUCOSE METABOLISM

• AEROBIC
• 1. From Kreb’s Cycle
• 2. From Electron Transport
• 3. From Glycolysis
• ANAEROBIC
• 1. From Glycolysis
• COMPARE END PRODUCTS FOR
BOTH PROCESSES
 CRITICAL THINKING

 Cyanide interrupts the

cytochrome system of electron
transport.
 Why is cyanide a universal
poison effective in all
organisims with mitochondria?
 CRITICAL THINKING

 The electron transport system

is the producer of ATP from ADP
in aerobic respiration. Stopping
the electron transport system
stops ATP production. Which
stops metabolic reactions.
 This is a universal system.