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What’s in a Name?
Abby Schwaderer, Forensic Scientist
The Ohio Bureau of Criminal Investigation‐ CODIS Section
Abby Schwaderer
CODIS Forensic Scientist
DNA Technology at BCI & I
CODIS
STR
13 locations
DOTS Casework
8 locations Section
Needed a CODIS
suspect std Section
for comparisons
1
What Types of Profiles are entered in
CODIS?
Known Samples
[Convicted Offenders, etc.]
Crime Scene Samples
[Single source and Mixtures]
Missing Person
Relatives of Missing Persons
Unidentified Human Remains
DNA Lab Specializations
Databasing
Disaster
Crime Scene
Relief/
Evidence
Identification
Ohio Local DNA Index System
¾ 10 Ohio Laboratories
(County, City and Regional labs)
¾ Local CODIS Administrator
‐ Conduct local searches
‐ Send uploads to SDIS
‐ Contacts Law Enforcement Agencies
with hit information
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Cuyahoga County
Ohio BCI Coroner’s Office
Bowling Green Lake County
Forensic Lab
Ohio BCI
Richfield
Canton‐Stark
County Crime Lab
Ohio BCI
London
Mansfield Police
Department
Crime Lab
Miami Valley
Regional Crime
Lab
Hamilton County
Coroner's Office Columbus Police
Department
Crime Lab
10 Ohio Local CODIS Labs
DNA Database Progress‐ Crime Scene
Crime Scene Sample Entries in CODIS (Ohio SDIS)
17,000+
6000
5000
4000
3000 Forensic
2000 Suspect
1000
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
As of June 2010
State CODIS Matches
CODIS Match Date: March 2008
MO: 10 Sexual assaults spanned 12 years and involved victims ranging in age
from 37 to 95 years old. Would approach victims as a pizza delivery guy then
force entry into residence and sexually assault the victims.
Offender: Jeffrey Humrichouser
DNA Profile: Swab from pizza box
Previous Conviction: Felonious Assault (fled the scene of a car accident)
ars
0 ye
e r v ing 3
S
3
NDIS Hit Example
ary
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Bu
ary
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Bu
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Burgla
ry rgl
Bu
What’s in a name?
¾ How do you know that the DNA profile matching
in the database is from that person?
Known Samples
Convicted Offenders
Ohio Law*
1996: Persons convicted/adjudicated of violent crimes
2005: Persons convicted/adjudicated of a felony*
(and a few misdemeanor sex crimes)
100000
90000
80000
70000
~370,000
60000 Offenders
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1996 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
*NDIS allows entry of offenders if State law collection procedures are followed
[Arrestees, Indicted Individuals, etc]
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Who Collects Offender Samples?
3 Main ODRC
Probation Rehab Centers
Receptions Centers
2009 Collections
ODRC Correctional
Institutes
Pre‐Release
Parole
Center
How are they collected?
¾ Mouth Swab with collection device
¾Non‐evasive
¾Easy
¾Established QA parameters
¾ Fingerprint Correlation
¾OHLEG
¾ Witness Present
¾Ensure the safety and rights of the
offender/inmate
Mouth Swab
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Collection Requirements
1. Thumbprint
2. Offender’s signature
3. Correctly labeled collection kit
4. Proper seal
Accessioning Process
1. Verifies that the kit is complete and proper.
2. Data entry of Offender’s demographic
information.
3. Assigns a unique numerical identifier to the
sample for lab processing.(Barcoded)
4. Archive the samples into tray format.
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Collection Information
¾ DNA Profiles are entered in CODIS with a
numerical code‐ no names associated.
¾ The collection information is retained at BCI
(SDIS) in a separate computer program called
CODna.
<BCI #>
<NAME HERE>
CCH Link to Offender Status
¾ BCI Number
‐Tracking of criminal history via fingerprints
‐Stays with the offender for life of criminal career
‐Fingerprints are more reliable than name, DOB,
SSN, etc. ‐Update
Wrapsheet (CCH)
with new arrest
information.
‐Create a new
Ohio BCI # and
Wrapsheet (CCH)
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DNA Collection Status
¾ Collection agencies
¾ Avoid duplicate collections of Convicted Offenders
¾ Investigators
¾ Eliminate potential suspects if the crime scene DNA
profile is currently in CODIS and that offender is in
CODIS too.
THE STATUS ONLY TELLS YOU IF THEY
ARE COLLECTED, NOT WHETHER THEY
ARE PROCESSED YET.
DNA Processing
¾ New lab space
¾ New Equipment
¾ BSD Punch (15 minutes/plate)
http://www.bsdrobotics.com/BSD500.htm
¾ Tecan Extraction (2.5 hrs/plate)
Evo_morphing video
¾ Amplification (3.5 hrs/plate)
¾ Tecan STR Setup (0.5 hrs/plate)
¾ 3730 (2 hrs/plate)
¾ Expert System Validation (est. 30 min/plate)
DNA Processing
¾ ~40‐60K Samples each year
Meet the CODIS Staff:
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CODIS Laboratory
Workflow Improvements
88 Samples Processed
144
120 120
96
(Hours)
83
72
48
24
14 8.75
0
2002-2005
2005-2007
Current
2007-2009
2009-
CODIS Laboratory
Workflow‐ Daily
1) Lab Processing
2) Reviewing Data from Lab
3) Running CODIS Searches
4) Processing new CODIS hits
CODIS Search Results
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Hit Processing
¾ Offender Hit Confirmation Requests
‐generated by the LDIS CODIS Admin
‐sent to CODIS section staff at SDIS
¾ Offender information is verified:
1. Collection Card thumbprint verified
Hit Processing
Offender information is verified:
1. Collection Card thumbprint verified
2. Qualifying Offense is verified on CCH
3. CO Sample is pulled for reanalysis
Importance of the Thumbprint
1. Verifies that “John Doe” submitted a DNA sample for
CODIS
The person who submitted the DNA sample is the same
person arrested/convicted on a previous day.
2. Allows for a verbal release of the Offender CODIS match
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Hit Processing
¾ “Hit Confirmation” reanalysis samples are
batched each week.
¾ The results are compared to the original results
that reside in CODIS database.
¾ If the reanalyzed DNA results are consistent with
the profile previously entered in CODIS, a hit
letter is generated.
Hit Letter Distribution Policy
Offender Hit Letters: BCI submitting LEA
Addressed to: Investigator listed in lab submission
‐County Procesutor’s Office is cc’d
‐BCI DNA Forensic Scientist is cc’d
‐If BCI S/A are listed in case file, they are cc’d as well.
Offender Hit Letters: Casework CODIS lab, other than BCI
Address to: LDIS CODIS Administrator
‐LDIS CODIS Admin will forward to their submitting LEA.
All Hit Confirmations should be completed within 30 days of receipt of
the request.
More DNA? Why?
•What if you arrest the wrong “John Doe”?
•What about identity theft?
•What if the CODIS Match was to a partial DNA
profile from the crime scene? Additional testing may
reveal an exclusion.
•What about the stats for this match? i.e. a DNA
report….
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How do I find the new suspect?
How Our
Criminal
Intelligence
Unit
Can Help with a CODIS hit
Beth Dailey
Criminal Intelligence Analyst
Ohio Bureau of Criminal
Identification and Investigation
12
CHASE
Subject work‐up provided
by CIU
What Does
CHASE Stand For?
CODIS Hits Arrest Support Exchange
Why was CHASE developed?
Newer initiative at BCI
Started Summer 2008
Team effort between:
BCI Lab data
BCI Criminal Intelligence Unit (CIU)
BCI Administrative/Agent Staff
Purpose
To generate CIU work‐ups on suspect offenders resulting from CODIS
hits
Goal
To provide the investigating agency with additional background
information on the offender (connected to the CODIS hit), which
subsequently may lead to an arrest
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How does CHASE work? – Part I
BCI Lab processes a CODIS hit and forwards the hit
information to CIU
CIU completes work‐up packet and forwards it to:
BCI Lab ‐ CODIS section
Deputy Superintendents
Special Agent Supervisors
BCI Lab
Notifies investigating agency of CODIS hit
Provides offender’s last known address (LKA)
BCI Deputy Superintendent or Special Agent Supervisor
Forwards information to BCI Agent
Investigating agency receives packet
In electronic format (via email) or
By hand delivery
BCI offers assistance with agency investigation
With what types of cases does CHASE assist?
Designed to assist law enforcement agencies that have
CODIS hits on:
Homicides
Sexual assaults
Rapes
Serial property crimes
Questionable deaths
Most of the processed CHASE packets are for rape
investigations
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Two Types of CHASE Work‐ups
Offender Work‐up
This packet is generated from CIU
on all CODIS hits involving
homicides, sexual assaults, and rapes
Victim Work‐up
This packet is generated upon request from the
investigating agency
Offender Work‐up Packet
Looking for last known
address (LKA) of offender
Contains offender data, with
reports from sources
including:
Commercial Databases
OHLEG/OLLEISN
BMV/LEADS
Ohio Department of
Rehabilitation and
Corrections (DRC)
Any other applicable
intelligence resources
Victim Work‐Up Packet
Agency Feedback
Assistance needed in
finding the victim of a
case where there has
been a hit in CODIS
Attempt will be made
to find the victim’s
most current address
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CHASE
Example
• This individual was associated through CODIS hits with:
• 1 HOMICIDE*
• 12 B&Es
• 1 BURGLARY
• 8 different department investigations
•Incidents occurred over the span of 5 years
• 2 outstanding warrants
• Subject had not been arrested for offenses
•Work‐up was sent to each department with an investigation
• CIU sent out Wanted bulletin to law enforcement in Ohio
• Subject was located within 4 days
“I have found a woman from a 1992 rape and she wants to prosecute
and will be in this Thursday. Another woman has decided not to
pursue her case. So in both of these cases we have gotten some
type of closure instead of not finding them at all.”
‐ a Northeast Ohio Detective
Breakdown of a CHASE packet
1. Cover sheet
2. Hit sheet
3. Driver’s license (OHLEG) or corrections photo (DRC)
4. Criminal history (OHLEG)
5. List of OLLEISN reports
6. Most current OLLEISN report
7. dFACTS report
8. Lexis‐Nexis report
9. Indices check
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Cover Sheet
Hit Sheet
Photo
Name
Photo
Here
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Criminal History
Name
Driver’s License and Vehicle Info.
Name
Photo
Here
OLLEISN list
‐ List shows contact
subject may have had
with law enforcement
that does not appear
on CCH
18
OLLEISN report
‐ A residence address is
listed for subject on this
report
Commercial Reports
dFACTS and Lexis‐Nexis
Indices
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CHASE Statistics
Since October 2008:
2603 CODIS hits*
103 Offender Work‐ups*
30 Victim Work‐ups*
*(As of 8/19/10)
WHAT’S IN A NAME?
FEEDBACK? How can we improve?
How can we help?
IDEAS?
Contact info.
Abby Schwaderer
Phone: 740‐845‐2459
Email: abby.schwaderer@ohioattorneygeneral.gov
Beth Dailey
Phone: 740‐845‐2426
Email: beth.dailey@ohioattorneygeneral.gov
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