Nandini Chemical Journal, December 2014 Issue PDF

Volume 22 Issue 3 December 2014
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Dedicated to the cause of chemical industry
* CRUDE PRICE FALL - WILL THE EUPHORIA

FOR CONSUMING COUNTRIES BE SHORT LIVED?
* FOCUS ON HFO 1234 yf - NEXT GENERATION REFRIGERANT

* ACRYLONITRILE - PRODUCT PROFILE
* POLYCARBONATE – GLOBAL SCENARIO
* SPOTLIGHT ON SPECIALITY CHEMICAL - ETFBO
* PHOSGENE – PRODUCT PROFILE
* NON PHOSGENE ROUTES TO ELIMINATE USE OF PHOSGENE
Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 1

VOLUME
duct Profile77 XXII DECEMBER 2014 ISSUE 3
Publisher:
Nandini Institute of Chemical Industries CONTENTS
03 Talk of the month
Editor - Publisher
Crude price fall - will the euphoria
N.S.Venkataraman for consuming countries be short lived?
Editorial & Administrative Office: 05 Shutting down sick PSUs

M 60/1, IV Cross Street, – Is it a step forward or backward ?
Besant Nagar, Chennai-600 090
India 06 Coal to liquid project abandoned in Odisha
A counter productive development
08 Cold cracking technology to process heavy crude oil
Phone: 43511945,/43540719/24916037
Fax: (91-44) 24916037 13 Proceedings of Seminar on
how to make Clean India Campaign successful?
E-mail Address:
mail@nandinichemical.com 15 Overview of municipal waste scenario in India
nsvenkatchennai@gmail.com 20 Bio digester technology to treat human waste
22 Uncertainties facing TAPI pipeline project
Website: 23 Safety and accident page
www.nandinichemical.com 24 Plant closures
25 Anti dumping page
26 Switch Over from naphtha to ethane
as feed stock - Global trend
Annual Subscription Rates:
27 Focus on HFO 1234 yf - Next generation refrigerant
30 Carbon fiber – Updates
Inland : Rs.1200/- 12 issues 31 Update on gas / oil exploration
33 Acrylonitrile - Product profile
Overseas: US $ 100 12 issues 37 Polycarbonate – Global scenario
US $ 180 24 issues 42 Spotlight on speciality chemical - ETFBO
44 Phosgene – Product profile
48 Non phosgene routes to eliminate use of phosgene
Subscription Charges payable in 52 Solvay’s plans for soda ash
advance in favour of 53 News round up – International
55 Technology development
Nandini Institute of Chemical
58 China news
Industries
59 News round up – India
61 Agro chemical page
61 Global palm oil scenario
64 Pharma page
64 Cannabis chemicals slow down cancer
66 Energy page
66 Prospects for nuclear energy
68 Installed rooftop solar capacity potential in India
69 Proposed solar park in India
Views expressed in this journal are not
70 Environmental page
necessarily of the
70 Proposed amendment to montreal protocol on HFC
Editor - Publisher 72 Target to cut co2 emissions
74 Tender
75 Price details
76 Ex factory prices in China
During the month of October 2014
81 Chemicals imported at the Chennai port
During the month of September 2014

TALK OF THE MONTH
CRUDE PRICE FALL - WILL THE EUPHORIA

FOR CONSUMING COUNTRIES BE SHORT LIVED?
Around a year back, nobody really expected that the price of crude oil would fall below
70 USD per barrel. Now many explanations are being advanced for such crude price fall and
also guesses are being made as to what extent the price fall would take place and how long
it would persist. The question being debated is whether the global crude oil price would
stabilise at around 60 USD per barrel.
Some agencies say that the so called recession in Japan and Europe and fall in demand in
China could have resulted in crude price fall. However, the credible explanation appears to be
that the price fall have been caused due to steady increase in the production of crude in USA
in recent months , as a result of the spectacular increase in the investment in shale gas fields,
which has resulted in the global supply scenario of crude moving to surplus .
U S remains as one of the largest consumers of crude oil in the world. Until recently, US has
been substantially importing its crude oil requirement , not wanting to exploit its own resources.
With the production of crude in USA significantly going up, the import level of crude by USA is
likely to come down steadily in the coming months. Further, the export of crude from USA is
now banned but there are demand by US oil companies that US government should remove this
ban. In such case, not only import of crude oil by US will decrease but the export also will take
place that would nearly flood the global oil market.

CRUDE PRICE FALL - WILL THE EUPHORIA FOR CONSUMING COUNTRIES BE SHORT LIVED?
The fact today is that the actual global production of crude is more than the global demand.
In the past , whenever such situation has developed , the oil producing countries used to
reduce the production to ensure that the supply situation would remain tight. This is not
happening now , as several oil producing regions such as Venezuela, Russia, Iraq, Iran are
largely dependent on income from export of crude and cannot afford to reduce the crude
production , whatever may be the compulsions. Saudi Arabia also does not want to reduce the
crude production when others would not do so, as it would result in loss of market share for
Saudi Arabia.
In recent years, it has been seen that the price of the crude in the world market is significantly
influenced by the speculators , who are not consumers but traders.
They buy and sell crude anticipating the price behaviour and profit potential. The current
situation is that the speculators have understood that the global market is likely to have
substantial oversupply in the coming months, that would result in price pressure and therefore
, the speculators do not want to burn their fingers by buying oil anticipating any windfall in profit.
As the speculators become hesitant and tend to withdraw to some extent, the demand for oil
really come down in the speculative market. This inevitably lead to price fall.
The situation is grim for shale oil producers in north America, as they would break even only at
price of 80 dollars per barrel and above, as they have invested huge amount in drilling and the
cost of operations are going up. Any price less than $ 80 per barrel would hurt them severely.
At the same time, Saudi Arabia, another large oil producer appears to think that it would be
comfortable with the price of 60 USD per barrel. Perhaps, by not reducing the oil production
and reconciling for the price of $ 60 per barrel, Saudi Arabia wants to make it difficult for the
crude producers in North America and drive them out of the market to some extent, if possible.
The likely future scenario would be that the oil producers in North America would try to come to
sort of agreement with the other oil producing countries to hike the price of crude in the global
market. Certainly, the governments in USA and West Europe would try to make this possible.
China , a large consumer of oil is trying to make the best out of the situation by importing more
crude when the price is low and building the stock. However, this can have only a limited
impact in the global market, as there are limits for storage capacity.
The biggest beneficiaries of crude price fall are the large importing countries like India and
China and other non oil producing countries like Sri Lanka.
However, as of now , it appears that the consuming countries have no particular strategy to
convert the present crude price fall into their advantage. While they are having an euphoria
now due to the crude price fall, such euphoria may be short lived, as sooner or later, perhaps
sooner than later , the crude price would rise to USD 80 per barrel and more due to the
manoeuvre of the oil producing countries.
However, the speculators who operate from the gallery will have the last laugh as they scheme
and skillfully plan , without the type of botheration and risk that oil producing countries have.
An investigative and well researched analysis of the global crude price trend has now been
released by Nandini Consultancy , Singapore. www.nandinichemical.com)

SHUTTING DOWN SICK PSUs
IS IT A STEP FORWARD OR BACKWARD ?
Government data shows that there are 61 sick central public sector enterprises that had
1.53 lakh employees as on March 31, 2013. The government has been paying the
salaries of all these employees largely through the budget.
It is reported that Government of India has begun the process of shutting some of the sick
public sector undertakings.
The list of six firms for closure under the department of heavy industry includes Hindustan
Photo Films, HMT Bearings, HMT Chinar Watches, Tungbhadra Steel, Hindustan Cable
and the iconic HMT Watches.
In the second round, 15 more loss-making firms will be under consideration, including
British India Corporation, IDPL and their subsidiaries.
The Cabinet note seeking closure of the six companies proposes to offer a voluntary
retirement scheme (VRS) option at the 2007 pay scale for around 3,600 employees in
these firms, along with additional benefits.This could amount to a total package of
`Rs.1,000 crore.
While Government of India has proposed to close down some sick and unviable public sector
units, there are quiet a number of other units such as fertilizer plants that remain closed for long
time. Continued closure of these units help no one.
It is counter productive to take a view that the public sector units should
continue to be operated irrespective of the standard of efficiency and
profitability in operation. Operation of such units only result in wastage of
resources due to poor efficiency and loss to the government.
It is necessary to quickly identify all such units and wipe them away from the scene, if there
would be no possibility of revival. Several of such units are occupying large area of land and
have extensive facilities both for process plant as well as utilities.. It would be appropriate to
scrap such plants and auction away the equipment at scrap value if necessary and then put the
land and building for construction of new projects appropriate to the site.
In India today, there is considerable scarcity of land for setting up industrial estates.Land
acquisition moves are causing social and political issues resulting in litigation and delay
.Further, most of such newly acquired land for industrial projects are agricultural land and it is
debatable question as to whether agricultural land should be converted to site for industrial
projects.
Closing and completely scraping the loss incurring public sector units which are beyond revival
is long over due. There is more to gain by closing these units rather than persisting with them
due to lack of firm decisions and policies.

COAL TO LIQUID PROJECT ABANDONED IN ODISHA
A COUNTER PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT
Government of India amended the Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act in July
2007 to include coal to liquid (CTL) industry as an end user for allocation of
captive coal blocks, so that low rank, high ash coal, which are abundantly
found in India, can be converted into liquid fuels.
Inspite of such government initiatives, the CTL projects in the country have
been moving at snail‘s pace.
Jindal Steel and Power is now reported to have scrapped plans to set up a USD
10 billion CTL project at Angul in Odisha, following the Supreme Court‘s
cancellation of Ramchandi coal mine allotted to it. The CTL project was linked
with the coal block.
JSPL was allotted Ramchandi Promotional Coal Block with an estimated reserve
of 1,500 million metric tonne on February 27, 2009 for the project.
Jindal‘s CTL project was supposed to produce 80,000 barrels per day of crude
from coal using German firm Lurgi's technology. The project cost also include
setting up of a 1,350 MW power plant and mine development expenses.
Scrapping of the CTL project by Jindal Steel and Power is a big setback for
The prospects
plans for the for CTL projectofhave
development CTL generated
projects inmuch
India.interest in the country, as it is
aimed at enhancing energy security by reducing dependence on imported crude.
The two CTL projects that have been initiated belong to Tata group and Jindal Steel
and Power. Now that Jindal has decided to give up the project, the hope rests only
with proposed project of Tata group.
CTL project of Tata group
The Tatas tied up with Sasol, as Sasol

has proven technology operating at it‘s
two commercial scale CTL plants in
South Africa, with total capacity of
1,60,000 barrels per day.
The Tata‘s project involves setting up a

30-million metric tonne per annum
opencast coal mine for the coal to liquid
(CTL) plant, which has a capacity of
80,000 barrels per day and houses a
captive 1,100-MW power plant.

COAL TO LIQUID PROJECT ABANDONED IN ODISHA -A COUNTER PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT
The Odisha state government has delayed granting the project a prospecting
licence deed (PL deed) by more than a year.
All subsequent milestones, such as forest clearance, environmental clearance and

mining lease, depend on the PL deed and, hence, a PL execution order from the
state government is extremely important for further developing the coal block.
The finalisation of a detailed configuration of the CTL plant and its product slate
depends on a detailed understanding of the coal properties for CTL end use and this
can be done only after the PL deed is executed.
Though the block was allocated in February 2009, the PL order was issued by the
Odisha government only on March 15, 2012.
Strategic Energy Technology Systems (SETSPL), a joint venture of Tata group companies and
South African firm Sasol, filed an application with the project monitoring group at the Cabinet
secretariat to help resolve the issues over its proposed Rs.60,000-crore coal to liquid project in
Odisha.
Need for strong government support for
CTL project
Government of India should recognize

that the promotion of CTL projects in India
in a massive way is the key for rapid
development of downstream chemical
projects in the country. As there is no
immediate feasibility of stepping up the
production of crude oil and natural gas
which are used as feedstock for
petrochemical industry, rapid
development of CTL project is the sure
way to forge ahead in a manner
appropriate to India‘s present scenario.
China has made great progress in setting up CTL projects, which has been possible
due to sustained and consistent support given by the Government of China. While
China has obtained technology and engineering services for CTL projects from
abroad, indigenous technology development efforts in China are significant .
Unfortunately, India still remains as non starter with regard to CTL projects and
therefore, India is losing great opportunities. While the Jindal Steel and Power has
taken it‘s decision to give up it‘s CTL projects, the fact is that it has already made
substantial progress. Government of India should immediately explore the
possibility of reviving this project. This calls for dynamic and pragmatic approach
from the Government of India in tune with the ground realities.

COLD CRACKING TECHNOLOGY TO PROCESS
PROCESS HEAVY CRUDE OIL
P.N.Devarajan, E-mail:
E pndevarajan@hotmail.com
@hotmail.com
Mr.P.N.Devarajan a renowned chemical engineer and former

Chairman of Hindustan Organic Chemical delivered lecture on
“Cold Cracking technolog
technologyy to process heavy crude oil” at Chennai
on 8th November,2014, in an n award function organised by
Chemical Industries Association. Mr.P.N.Devarajan spoke on
importance of developing technology for heavy crude oil in the
light of depleting availability of llighter
ighter grade of crude oil.
Mr.P.N.Devarajan was conferred special award on the occasion.
Highlights of the speech delivered by Mr.P.N.Devarajan is given in this article
* The lighter grades of crude oil produce the best yields of end products.
However, lighter grades of crude are fast depleting.
* Depletion of light oil reserves are shifting the focus of the oil industry towards
heavy crude oil
* Oil refineries are increasingly having to process heavy and ultra heavy crude.
* Heavier crude oil have too much carbon and not enough hydrogen. Processing of
heavy crude oil requires high capital cost, operating cost and results in harmful emission.
Existing processing technologies do not effectively address the issue
issue.
* Oil industry has been eagerly awaiting emergence of new innovative and cost
effective technologies for processing heavier crude oil.
Heavy crude oil – current scenario
* In reservoirs, crude becomes “heavy” as a result of bio degradation, in which lighter ends are
consumed by bacterial activity, leaving heavier hydrocarbons behind.
* Poor geologic reservoir sealing exposes the hydrocarbon to surface contaminants,

including
ncluding organic life and contributes to the above process.
* There are two main types of heavy crude oil:
(i) High sulphur crudes ( more than 1% by weight) (ii) Low sulphur crudes ( less than 1% by weight)
* Heavy crude oils provide challenge for the economics of petroleum refining.
* Most heavy oil production processes

processes are slow; it heats slowly and flows slowly out of the
reservoir.
* The two main current technologies for extracting heavy crude oil are cyclic steam stimulation
and steam flooding.
Nandini
andini Chemical Journal, December 2014 Page 8
COLD CRACKING TECHNOLOGY TO PROCESS HEAVY CRUDE OIL
Heavy crude oil – Current scenario
Total world oil reserves

Oil sands bitumen
30%
Conventional oil
30%
Extra heavy oil

25%
Heavy oil
15%
Global heavy oil scenario
S.No. Oil type Region Current reserve

(billion barrel)
1 Tar sands Alberta, Canada 179

2 Ultra heavy crude Orinoco Belt, Venezuela 513
3 Shale oil West Coast, USA 1,200
Technology development – Pristec Inc
* Pristec, an innovation based global company, is offering technology solution to convert

heavy crude into light synthetic crude.
* The technology is practiced at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and without
the need of hydrogen environments, thus reducing CAPEX and OPEX steeply.
* The process is known as activation by a special technique developed at Pristec AG

in Vienna, Austria and at Pristec America in New York, USA.
* The testing has been done by a third party on parameters, which confirms the properties
achieved as that of light crude.
* This can be done at different location like the oil field, the oil tankage terminals and
installations and in the refinery before feeding the crude to CDU.
* In summary, it is a crude feed preparation technology enabling high level of refining

economy from end to end.

Solution by cold cracking technology
* Using applied quantum mechanics, Pristec has developed a cold cracking technology
that constitutes a novel, highly innovative way to process heavy crude.
* Pristec‘s technology is based on ‗cold cracking‘, incorporating the principles of

resonance energy advanced electro magnetic and vacuum energy.
* Cold cracking technology subjects the crude oil to specific frequencies and destabilizes
its molecular bond structure.
* The energy inputs required for cold cracking technology is much less than conventional
cracking.
* Using these principles, cold cracking technology creates `activation‘ of the long chained
molecules of the heavy crude.
* Activation is the precise stimulation of the electron system of specific elements and
molecular bond types.
* The atoms of hydrogen, carbon and sulphur in the heavy oil are activated and cause
changes in their molecular structure.
* Cold cracking technology significantly reduces the temperatures at which long chain
molecules tend to crack.
* Cold cracking technology reduces CO2 as well as SO2 emission levels in the process
due to operation at room temperature and pressure and non catalytic profile.
Objectives and impact of the cold cracking technology
1. They increase the proportion of light products like gasoline and diesel in the output;
they reduce density of the crude to make it lighter.
2. They reduce the crude‘s viscosity to make it more fluid for easier transportation.
3. They minimize low value components like vacuum residue, bitumen and wax
4. Cold cracking technology is the first in the world to remove sulphur in

elemental form, by use of C-S activator, which is currently being optimized and engineered,
so as to permit its easy isolation and removal of sulphur from the crude at the very early stages
before the CDU.

Three types of crackers
Hydrogen cold cracking unit
It increases the light fraction content of heavy oils. Make in situ hydrogen available for the
subsequent processes.
Carbon cold cracking unit
It cracks up long hydrocarbon molecules and are most effective on residue and extra heavy
crude. Carbon cold cracking units can produce light crude from heavier crudes and the impact
can be achieved at oil well, crude oil tank farms and at the refineries.
Sulphur cold cracking unit
It destabilizes sulphur components in the molecular structure of crude.Sulphur is cracked to

form elemental sulphur and being much heavier than the crude, allows for separation and safe
and economic disposal.
Cold cracking technology’s role in
Upstream
In oil exploration, it can help improve the volume and quality of the extracted oil and help to
increase $/Bbl. of sales revenue by decreased production costs.
Mid stream
In transportation, the viscosity improvement helps to save huge energy costs for pumping and
heating as well as the avoidance of high cost of additives currently used.
Down stream
In refining, cold cracking units can substitute conventional thermal and catalytic cracking and
desulfurization units at amazingly low capital and low operating expenditures.
Refinery GRM – Gross Refiner Margin ($/Bbl) goes up with incremental investment
sustainability – rapid pay back of investment – environmentally friendly
For existing refineries using partly heavy crude that are seeking to improve their GRM,
cold cracking technology implementation is an opportunity, which can increase the use of heavy
crude to a higher proportion in the crude feed mix.
Thus, feedstock cost is reduced, increasing distillate production and reducing fuel oil production.

Financial simulation
* Selling price of diesel is $125 /Bbl
* Selling price of fuel oil is $100 / Bbl
* 20% additional yield of middle distillate will generate ―additional GRM of $5 per barrel of
crude‖ ($125 - $100) x 20%
* If Indian refineries adopt cold cracker technology to process their heavy crude feed
(i) additional revenue of about 450 million USD by 2016\
(ii) Subsequently would yield 700 million USD by 2018
Summary
In summary, it enables the refineries to invest lower capex and opex in cold cracker technology
and cut down on heavy investments on conventional and currently practiced technology and
manage any incremental load with existing secondary and tertiary processes like hydrogen
generation and hydro treating, since capacity to do so will be released on the advent of cold
cracking technology.
DIRECTORY OF
GLOBAL LICENSORS OF TECHNOLOGY, CONSULTANTS

AND
DESIGN AND DETAILED ENGINEERING ORGANISATIONS
FOR CHEMICAL PROJECTS
PUBLICATION AVAILABLE IN CD
CONTACT :
NANDINI CONSULTANCY CENTRE,

CHENNAI – 600 090
Tel: 044- 43511945,

43540719,24916037
E-mail: mail@nandinichemical.com,
nsvenkatchennai@gmail.com

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEMINAR ON
“HOW TO MAKE CLEAN INDIA CAMPAIGN SUCCESSFUL?”
Chemical Industries Association, an apex body representing cross section of
chemical and allied industries and based in Chennai organised a seminar at
Chennai on 22nd November,2014 on ―How to make Clean India campaign
successful?‖
Seminar was well attended by engineers, IT professionals, social activists

and teaching community.
Highlights of the observations and recommendations made in the seminar

are given below.
Observations:
 Lack of cleanliness in public places may be a sociological problem in India.

Such conditions have existed in India for last several decades .
* The mind set of the people must
be changed and they should be
sensitized, which is now being done by
Modi government and India has a very
long way to go.
* Governments at various levels are

responsible for unclean conditions today
in public places, much more than the
people.
* The so called celebrities and

politicians sweeping for a few minutes
in front of camera may bring the
campaign to ridicule, if it continues.
* While the government of India has announced Clean India Campaign , it has
not evolved an integrated strategy to handle the waste in eco friendly and
appropriate manner.
* Integrated waste management programme can be developed only by

developing appropriate technologies for the production of derivative products using
waste as feed stock.
* The people can be motivated to collect waste , if they would get value for
the waste, which is possible by making useful products from waste.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEMINAR ON HOW TO MAKE CLEAN INDIA CAMPAIGN SUCCESSFUL?
Recommendations :
* Cleanliness in public and private life must be introduced as a compulsory

subject in the school curriculam, just like mathematics.
* Bio toilet facilities must be built in public places including every bus stop and
railway stations.
* Government must encourage and recognise the formation of pressure

groups amongst local communities consisting of motivated persons , so that
pressures can be brought on the government departments to do the job efficiently
and effectively.
* Government should
encourage and motivate
R&D activities to evolve
processes for utilising waste
by producing value added
products. Several such
projects are in operation
abroad. For example, apart
from power and industrial
water, several chemicals
such as methanol can be
produced from waste. India
presently imports around
12 lakh tonnes of methanol
per annum and several
methanol projects from
waste can be set up in
different parts of India.
* Industries set up
using waste as feed stock
should be given special
subsidies and tax benefits.
* Awards must be
instituted by government of
India for individuals and
organisations developing
technologies for treating
waste in profitable manner.

OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL WASTE SCENARIO IN INDIA

Composition of MSW
Municipal solid waste consist of biodegradable waste, recyclable waste (such as glass, metal
and packaging), inerts (such as bricks) and hazardous waste (such as hospital waste).
(in percentage)
Paper Rubber, leather and synthetics Glass Metals Total Compostable matter Inerts
1 to 5.6 0.7 to 0.8 0.5 to 0.6 0.3 to 4 43 to 45 42 to 44
3 to 8.8 0.7 to 0.8 0.3 to 0.4 0.3 to 4 38 to 41 43 to 45
4 to 13.2 0.7 to 0.8 0.4 to 0.5 0.4 to 0.5 26 to 39 45 to 46
17 to 18 0.4 to 0.5 0.4 to 0.5 0.5 to 0.6 55 to 57 48 to 50
6 to 12.9 0.2 to 0.3 0.9 to 1 0.7 to 0.80 27 to 31 53 to 54
Generation and growth of waste
As per 2011 census, 31.16 % population of India

i.e. 377 million people live in 7,935 urban areas
with 4041 municipal authorities.
Total quantity of waste :

170,000 metric tonne per day
Currently handled each day

About 62 million metric tonne per year
in the urban areas
Volume of waste is expected to increase at 5% per

year on account of increase in the population and
change in lifestyle of the people.
Period Waste generation in urban areas

in metric tonne per day
2011 1,70,000
2021 (Estimated) 2,76,342
Pattern of utilisation of municipal waste
Description Percentage of MSW treated out of total generation

Generated 100%
Collected 68%
Treated 19%
Untreated
81%
(Waste disposed off at dump sites / landfill sites)

Number of Urban Local Bodies having treatment/ processing facilities
Number of Urban Local Bodies having treatment/ processing facilities: 626
Product Number of plants

Conventional composting 279
Vermi composting facilities 138
Biomethanation 172
Refuse Derived fuel (RDF) 29
Waste to Energy 8
* RDF pellets are produced after initial treatment of MSW/garbage
Indian energy generation potential from MSW
Indian energy generation potential from MSW: About 1725 MW
Source Generation potential

Urban waste 1500 MW
Sewage 225 MW
SEWAGE TO PROCESS WATER (NON POTABLE)
Case study -Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd., Mumbai
* Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) treats around 22.75 MLD of sewage generated by
Mumbai City and produces about 13 MLD of process water,which is being used in its plants as
process water. STP meets about 50% of process requirement of its Trombay unit of RCF.
* RCF pay for the sewage and is around Rs 3 per m3.

Power from MSW
List of municipal & urban waste based power projects taken up by Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy Resources (MNRE)
Capacity
Project promoters Location Technology Present Status
(MW)
M/s. Timarpur Okhla Waste
Management Pvt Ltd. (TOWMCL)
New Delhi 16 Combustion Commissioned
(Promoted by Jindal Urban
Infrastructure Ltd.)
Commissioned
M/s. RDF Power Projects Ltd. Hyderabad 11 Combustion
in 2014
M/s East Delhi Waste processing
Company (P) Ltd.
Under
(Promoted by DIAL, IL&FS Energy Gazipur, Delhi 12 Combustion
implementation
Dev. Co. Ltd. (IEDCL) and SELCO
International Ltd.)
M/s. Rochem Separation Systems Under
Pune 10 Gasification
(India) Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai implementation
M/s. Delhi MSW Solutions Ltd.
Bawana, Under
(promoted by Ramky Enviro 24 Combustion
Delhi implementation
Engineers Ltd., Hyderabad)
Under
Combustion
Essel Pallavapuram Tambaram implementation.
Chennai 3 (300 tonnes per
MSW Pvt. Ltd. Project cost –
day MSW)
Rs. 100 Crores
M/s Srinivasa Gayatri Resource
Bangalore 8 Combustion Under planning
Recovery Ltd.
M/s. Solapur Bio Energy Systems
Solapur 3 Biomethanation Under planning
Pvt. Ltd., Navi Mumbai
Power from
Namakkal,
IOT Mabagas Ltd. 4 poultry Operating
Tamilnadu
droppings
Power from
Thiruchengode,
Subhashri Bio Energies Pvt. Ltd. 2.4 poultry Operating
Tamilnadu
droppings
CHEMICALS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE
Downstream possibilities
* Waste can be converted to useful products using following conversion pathways.
* Thermochemical conversion
* Biochemical conversion,

* Thermochemical conversion, characterized by higher temperature and conversion rates,

is best suited for lower moisture feedstock and is generally less selective for products.
* On the other hand, biochemical technologies are more suitable for wet wastes which are
rich in organic matter.
Downstream possibilities Incineration Electricity
Thermochemical processes
Gasification Synthesis gas
(Syngas)
Waste
Pyrolysis
Heavy oil
Fermentation Ethanol
Biochemical processes
Anaerobic Biogas
Digestion
SYNTHESIS GAS FROM MSW
Synthesis gas (Syngas) is a mixture comprising of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and
hydrogen.
Applications of synthesis gas
* As a fuel source to manufacture steam or electricity

* As an intermediate in generating synthetic natural gas
* As an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of ammonia and fertilizer
* As a raw material gas that can be used to synthesize basic chemical building blocks like
methanol
Project parameters
* Basis: 1 tonne of MSW with organic content of 50%

* Production of synthesis gas: 420 – 465 cubic metre
Methanol from MSW/Synthesis gas
Methanol project in Canada
Name of the company Enerkem

Location Edmonton, AB
Raw material used Municipal solid waste
Plant capacity 38 million litres per year
This project help the city of Edmonton divert 90% of the residential waste stream from landfill.

Synthesis gas from RDF/MSW
Process technology supplied by selected technology suppliers for production of

syngas/power from MSW/RDF is given below:
Crude synthesis gas from MSW/RDF
Process technology Source of technology

Low temperature gasification Entech Renewable Energy Solutions, Australia
Fluidized bed gasification Outotec Energy Products, USA
Clean synthesis gas from MSW/RDF/ crude synthesis gas
Process technology Source of technology
Westinghouse Plasma Corporation, USA

Plasma arc gasification
(subsidiary of Alter NRG, Canada)
Plasma gasification and vitrification technology Solena Fuels, USA
Thermal gasification followed by plasma
Plasco Energy Corp Inc., Canada
gasification
Plasma gasification for the purification of syngas The Europlasma Group, France
High temperature gasification combined with
Chinook Sciences Ltd., UK & USA
pyrolysis
Power from synthesis gas
Process technology Source of technology Remarks
Entech Renewable Energy Solutions, The output is crude

Low temperature gasification
Australia syngas which will be used
to generate power.
Fluidized bed gasification Outotec Energy Products, USA
Westinghouse Plasma Corporation, USA

Plasma arc gasification for MSW
(subsidiary of Alter NRG, Canada)
Plasma gasification and vitrification
Solena Fuels, USA The output is clean
technology
Thermal gasification followed by syngas which will be used
Plasco Energy Corp to generate power.
plasma gasification
Plasma gasification for the
The Europlasma Group, France
purification of syngas
Gasification combined with pyrolysis Chinook Sciences Ltd., UK, USA

BIO DIGESTER TECHNOLOGY TO TREAT HUMAN WASTE
The bio digester technology has been developed by Gwalior based Defence
Research and Development Establishment (DRDE) and Tezpur based Defence
Research Laboratory (DRL), with an objective for resolving the problems of
un decomposed human waste.
The innovation degrades and converts the human waste into usable water and gas
in an eco friendly manner. The generated gas can be utilised for energy/cooking
and water for irrigation purposes. The process involves the bacteria which feed
upon the faecal matter inside the tank, through anaerobic process, which finally
degrades the matter and releases methane gas that can be used for cooking, along
with the treated water.
UK based NRI industrialist Lord Swaraj Paul‘s Caparo Group has joined hands with
DRDO to install environment friendly bio digester toilets across India. The toilets
cost only R15,000 each and are cheaper if built for clusters. It was in 2012 that
DRDO had launched bio digester, christened as bio-toilets from Dhamra near the
Wheeler Island test facility, from where it used to test launch long-range missiles
like Agni and AAD interceptors.
The bio digester technology was used to decompose biological waste generated by
soldiers deployed in high altitude regions such as Siachen and Ladakh. The ELOOs
can effectively function in extreme conditions and temperature ranging from
-6 degree centigrade to 50 degree centigrade.
To suit different geographical requirements, DRDO has also made various design
modifications in the bio-digester toilets. For example, to avoid choking of toilets in
Indian Railways because of people throwing non biodegradable plastics, like bottles,
a special lid has been constructed. On pushing the flush, the flap opens and the
bottles fall on the track. The excreta enters through a separate opening into the
digester tank.
The Bio digester tank has several chambers to provide more surface area to hasten
bio degradation. The chambers increase retention time of the waste in places,
where water table is high like in Lakshwadeep or homes and offices where people
flush frequently. In glaciers where the temperature is as low as minus 40 degree
centigrade, the toilet is fitted with solar panels of 240 watt to keep the excreta
warm for processing.
Design changes are also being worked for toilets in houseboats in Srinagar to avoid
water contamination.
Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board (DUSIB), the body which has to provide
toilets to slum dwellers in all clusters in the city, has procured
10-seater mobile toilet vans with DRDO developed bio digester technology

ALL INDIA ESSAY COMPETITION FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
ON
“VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM SEWAGE / MSW”
Nandini Chemical Journal (www.nandinichemical.com), is organizing All India essay

competition for college students on
“Value added products for production from sewage / municipal solid waste
and appropriate technologies”.
The Prime Minister‘s call for Clean India

Campaign has created a flurry of
activities in the country towards
achieving cleanliness in public places.
While high enthusiasm has been
generated among countrymen, question
still remains as to how large quantity of
waste would finally be handled in cost
effective manner without disturbing the
ecological balance.
Obviously, waste should be considered as source of wealth and energy and

appropriate value added products should be produced from waste, which would
be a win win situation. There is urgent need to identify the appropriate value
added products and suitable technology for manufacturing.
Nandini Chemical Journal is organizing the above All India competition, to give
opportunities to college students all over India to study the subject in depth and
provide their suggestions and recommendations.
The essay should be written in English with maximum of 2000 words and should
clearly identify the appropriate products with justification and discuss about the
existing technologies and R&D opportunities, considering the suitability for
Indian conditions.
Eligibility & prize: All students studying in Indian universities at under

graduate, post graduate and doctoral level can participate in the essay
competition.Five prizes would be awarded to the best of entries.
Last date & address details :
Last date for submission of essay is 30th December, 2014. Essay should be
sent either by post or email to the following address:
Nandini Chemical Journal,

M-60/1, 4th Cross Street,
Besant Nagar,Chennai-600090.
Tel.: 91-44-43540719 / 43511945 / 24916037,
Email:- nsvenkatchennai@gmail.com / nandinichemical@gmail.com.

UNCERTAINTIES FACING TAPI PIPELINE PROJECT
Afghanistan, Pakistan India and
Government owned gas companies of
Turkmenistan, have estblished a company
that will build, own and operate the
planned 1,800 kilometer
Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India
(TAPI) natural gas pipeline.
Turkmenistan has the world‘s fourth largest proven gas reserves, and the pipeline will allow
the landlocked country to diversify its gas export markets.
The TAPI pipeline will export up to 33 billion cubic metres of natural gas annually from giant
gas field, Galkynysh in Turkmenistan, to Afghanistan, Pakistan and India over 30 years.
The member countries want to complete the gas pipeline network by 2017. The envisaged
1,800 km pipeline (about 144 km in Afghanistan and 800 km in Pakistan) will have capacity
to transport 90 mmscmed of gas -38 mmscmd each for India and Pakistan and the
remaining 14 mmscmd for Afghanistan.
A statement issued by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), which is the transaction advisor
for the TAPI gas pipeline said that state concerns, Turkmengas, Afghan Gas Enterprise,
Inter State Gas Systems (Private) Ltd and GAIL (India) Ltd will own equal shares in the
company. In November 2013, the ADB was appointed transaction advisor for the TAPI gas
pipeline project.
The company has been incorporated as a Special Purpose Vehicle in the Isle of Man; a
British Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea. This SPV would be responsible for
finance, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the TAPI pipeline.
Challenges
GAIL India is of the view that the complex geopolitical and security issues involved in the
TAPI pipeline project make the task of building and operating the pipeline for over 30 years
extremely challenging. Since none of the four TAPI entities has such credentials, building
the project through a consortium — formed either with equal shareholding or under the
leadership of Turkmengas — does not seem feasible.
As of now, no multinational company has shown interest in building the pipeline. The main
reason for their reluctance is the reluctance of Turkmenistan to give them a stake in its
upstream Galkyanysh gas field, from where gas is to be sourced for the pipeline.
Turkmenistan‘s new conditions
The fate of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline hangs in the

balance even as construction is expected to begin next year.
That is because Turkmenistan has argued that its current laws do not permit grant of
production sharing rights for onshore blocks to foreign companies. This has halted
negotiations and restricted the number of foreign companies coming forward to build the
pipeline.

SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PAGE
Cracker factory blast in Tamil Nadu
Two persons were killed in a blast in a cracker factory near M.

Pudhupatti in Tamil Nadu.
The workers were mixing chemicals for making aerial fireworks at a

shed in Supreme Pyro Techniques Fireworks, when friction reportedly
caused the blast.
*****
Coal mine fire kills 26 in China
A fire at a Chinese coal mine killed 26 workers in November 2014,

state media reported, the latest fatal incident to hit the accident-prone
industry.
The blaze at the mine in the northeastern province of Liaoning also

left 50 people injured, the official Xinhua news agency said, quoting
the state-owned Fuxin Coal Corporation.
*****
Fire at Dabur India skin care product factory at Baddi, Himachal Pradesh
Dabur India‘s skin care products factory in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, was damaged by a fire
recently and production has begun in alternative facilities.
Just over a year ago ,the company had launched its latest skin care product, a gel based facial
skin bleach, development by Dabur‘s in house R&D team, featuring oxygen and aloe vera.
*****
Accident at DuPont Chemical plant in Texas,USA
Four workers at the Dupont plant in La Porte, Texas, have been killed, while one worker has
been injured, following a chemical leak at the facility. The accident occurred on November 22
when methyl mercaptan, a toxic chemical used during the manufacturing process of insecticides
and fungicides, was released.
Dupont said the leak started when a valve on a container of methyl mercaptan did not function.
Following the accident, an investigating team from the US Chemical Safety Board (CSB) has
started its investigation.
*****
Sivakasi factory blast
Four persons died and six others suffered burn injuries in a blast in an aluminum powder factory
in Ettakkapatti village near Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu on 2nd December ,2014.
Preliminary investigation revealed that friction while grinding the aluminium powder triggered in
the blast.Aluminium powder is an important raw material used in fire works manufacturing.
*****

PLANT CLOSURES
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical to quit PTA business
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (MGC) will quit the purified terephthalic acid (PTA) business at
the end of March 2015.
MGC and Toyobo are partners in Mizushima Aroma, an equally owned joint venture that
operates a 260,000 metric tonne per year PTA facility at Mizushima, Japan, which will
close.
Poor margins, caused in part by capacity building up in China and declining PTA prices,
are the reasons for the withdrawal.
The plant currently supplies the domestic polyester market, which Mizushima Aroma is
planning to quit.
Existing PTA capacity in Japan is about 900,000 metric tonne per year. The other PTA
producers there are Mitsui Chemicals, with a plant at Iwakuni that has about 400,000
metric tonne per year of capacity and Toray Industries, with a plant at Okazaki
designed for about 250,000 metric tonne per year.
Mizushima Aroma sources its para -xylene ( p -xylene) feedstock from a 350,000 metric
tonne per year plant at Mizushima owned 51% by JX Nippon Oil & Energy and 49% by
MGC. The future of the p -xylene facility when the PTA plant closes is unclear. JX
Nippon Oil & Energy, as the majority partner, will make a decision on the plant‘s future.
MGC is concentrating on meta -xylene ( m -xylene), which it uses at a purified

isophthalic acid (PIA) plant. MGC‘s m -xylene plant, also at Mizushima, is designed to
produce 150,000 metric tonne per year. It feeds MGC‘s 70,000- metric tonne per year
PIA plant at the same site.
*****
Styrolution to shut down polystyrene plant in Sweden
As part of restructuring of its polystyrene business in Europe, the Middle East and Africa
(EMEA), Styrolution, a joint venture between BASF and Ineos, will close its 80 kilo
metric tonne polystyrene production site located in Trelleborg, Sweden. The closure of
the facility is scheduled to occur by the end of 2014.
Styrolution will continue to serve customers from its polystyrene sites located in
Antwerp, Belgium and Wingles, France.
The planned closure is aimed at bolstering the long term economic sustainability of
Styrolution‘s polystyrene business in EMEA by further enhancing cost structures and
maximising utilisation of its production assets in Antwerp and Wingles.The polystyrene
market in Europe has been characterised by decreasing demand, overcapacity and
underutilisation.These market dynamics have also affected Styrolution‘s polystyrene
business in the region, making it necessary for the company to take this difficult step.

ANTI DUMPING PAGE
Final duties on Chinese refrigerants
The US Department of Commerce (Commerce Department) on 15 October, released its

proposed final resolution regarding antidumping duties and countervailing duties 2014, on
Chinese refrigerant gases imported into the United States.
The proposed final resolution rules that imports from China of refrigerant gas R-134a, or
hydrofluorocarbon-134-a, should be subject to antidumping duties of 280.67% and
countervailing duties averaging 11.14%. The US International Trade Commission (ITC) will vote
on the resolution. An affirmative vote will impose the duties for at least five years and negative
vote would end the process, according to ITC.
In October 2013, Mexichem, submitted two legal processes with the ITC against Chinese
imports of refrigerant gases—one claiming antidumping duties and the second claiming
countervailing duties. Mexichem says that after the preliminary resolution in December 2013,
when the ITC unanimously ruled that the industry had suffered injury, the company requested
that the Commerce Department pursue the required investigations to establish the resultant
compensation duties.
In April 2014, the Commerce Department released the preliminary resolution that Chinese
imports should be subject to countervailing duties averaging 16.39%.In May, the department
preliminarily resolved that Chinese imports should be subject to antidumping duties of 187.48%.
After the April 2014 ruling, Mexichem submitted an emergency procedure which ―might achieve
that the compensation duties become retroactive since the end of February 2014 for the
additional imported volume.‖
*****
Import of met coke from China
Faced with Chinese dumping, met coke manufacturers in India have raised an alarm of a
potential threat to Rs. 15,000-crore worth of bank exposure to the sector. Calling for an increase
in import duty on met coke to at least 20 per cent, the Indian Met Coke Manufacturers'
Association (IMCOM) expressed concerns over dwindling plant utilisation and increasing
imports.
China, which had imposed 40 per cent export duty on its met coke exports till December 2012,
completely removed it thereby opening the doors for Indian importers with cheaper met coke.
At present rates, domestic met coke is $ 40 per metric tonne costlier than imported met coke.
India's overall met coke consumption, mostly by steel companies, has remained stagnant at
around 35 million metric tonne per annum, out of which about 20 to 25 million metric tonne per
annum is the captive capacities, which are unaffected by imports.
The installed capacity of merchant met coke is about 10 million metric tonne per annum, but
plant utilisation has declined to about 30 to 35 per cent across the sector. The total investment
made in the met coke facilities is worth Rs. 30,000 crore.
Plant utilisation of met coke will fall further. Most of the manufacturers including Gujarat NRE
have gone for debt restructuring .

SWITCH OVER FROM NAPHTHA TO ETHANE AS FEED STOCK
GLOBAL TREND
A growing list of petrochemical companies are converting coastal crackers in Europe to
consume ethane imported from the United States.
Borealis, Ineos, and Sabic have each announced plans to ship US ethane to European
crackers. Total is considering similar plans.
The first wave of Europe‘s ―going lighter‖ feedstock strategy was mainly through LPG and
the second wave is through cracking imported ethane.
Versalis (Milan) has confirmed plans to enhance the feedstock flexibility of the company‘s
Dunkirk, France, steam cracker to enable the plant to consume low cost ethane imported from
the United States. The Dunkirk cracker would be able to consume ethane for up to 50% of its
ethylene output by 2016.
The cracker‘s ethylene capacity of 500,000 metric tonne per year will remain unchanged and
the project requires an investment of $127 to 190 million.
Versalis is evaluating its C4 supply demand balances in the Mediterranean region before
deciding whether to convert the Brindisi cracker to consume US ethane. The Brindisi cracker
currently receives feedstock from a refinery at Taranto, Italy, operated by Versalis‘s parent ENI
(Rome).
Versalis‘s parent ENI (Rome). Versalis currently has two butadiene plants. They are at
Ravenna, Italy; and Brindisi.
Cracking ethane at Dunkirk and reducing the plant‘s naphtha consumption mean that the
cracker‘s output of crude C4s will drop. Versalis has decided not to go ahead with plans to build
a butadiene plant at Dunkirk. Versalis announced plans earlier to build a 100,000 metric tonne
per year butadiene plant at Dunkirk for start up in late 2016.
PUBLICATION
ON
ALL INDIA DIRECTORY OF CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
UPDATED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE IN CD
CONTACT:
NANDINI CONSULTANCY CENTRE,
CHENNAI-90
Tel: 044- 43511945, 43540719,24916037

E-mail : nsvenkatchennai@gmail.com,
mail@nandinichemical.com

FOCUS ON HFO 1234 yf - NEXT GENERATION REFRIGERANT
The refrigerant R-1234yf, also known as hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)-1234yf,

is used in car air conditioning systems.
HFO-1234yf, a next-generation fluorocarbon refrigerant, will be used in

7 million automobiles by 2015, since refrigerants currently used in mobile air-
conditioning (MAC) systems are phased out in the US and Europe, according
to DuPont.
HFO-1234yf is currently the only commercially available refrigerant with

global warming potential sufficiently low enough to comply with the
requirements of the MAC directive.
The substance is largely a replacement for R-134a, which has been used in
MAC applications since chlorofluorocarbon-based refrigerants were phased
out under the Montreal Protocol.
HFO-1234-yf is being adopted by nearly all of world‘s top automakers, and

DuPont expects that it will be in 3 million cars by the end of this year.
Lower global warming emissions
HFO-1234yf is being adopted because its global warming emissions are lower than
those of incumbent MAC refrigerants, including R-143a. EU authorities have
instituted MAC standards that mandate R-134a be phased out because of its high
global warming emissions. In the United States, the standards are voluntary, but
automakers are switching to HFO-1234yf anyway.
Concerns
The holdout has been Germany‘s Daimler, the maker of Mercedes, who has
expressed flammability concerns about HFO-1234yf.
Daimler says that HFO-1234yf has ignited when dispersed at high temperatures to
engine components, conditions the automaker says could occur in a head on
collision. However, tests by EU and German authorities—while not denying that
HFO-1234yf could be flammable under extreme circumstances—have found the risk
level to be very low and not necessitating regulatory intervention.
―These tests showed no ignition of refrigerants and very low hydrogen fluoride (HF)
release despite the very high temperatures in the engine compartment,‖ the
European commission said earlier this year.

FOCUS ON HFO 1234 yf –NEXT GENERATION REFRIGERANT
Joint developers
DuPont and Honeywell, who jointly developed HFO-1234yf, maintain that the substance
is safe.
Production is concentrated in China. DuPont‘s joint venture
with Changshu 3F Zhonghao New Chemical Materials
produces 3,000 metric tonne per year of HFO-1234yf in
China, with European automotive customers using much of
that production.
DuPont is planning a second phase of the plant, which will double capacity and come
onstream by the end of 2014.
Project in China
While the substance was developed in anticipation of European MAC rules, production
was located in China because of the need to quickly ramp up.
When the product was approved to conform to the MAC standard … China was the only
place they could get the plant up quickly enough.
DuPont‘s plans
DuPont is planning capacity expansions, which are on track. DuPont says that it has
sufficient supply to meet it‘s customers‘ projected demand and are prepared to make
additional investments when long-term demand justifies it.
Honeywell‘s plans
In December 2013, Honeywell announced the construction of HFO-1234yf plant at

Geismar, LA, as part of a $300-million program to expand capacity for the product
worldwide. The plant is expected to be operational by 2016.
Demand driver
HFO-1234yf adoption in the US is driven by the newly strict Corporate Average Fuel
Economy standards in addition to MAC standards and manufacturing considerations.
The US light vehicle fleet must average 54.5 miles per gallon of gasoline by 2025.
Fluorocarbons players
DuPont is North America‘s largest maker of fluorocarbons, including HFO-1234yf and

other substances, with 37% of annual production of 476,000 metric tonne.
Refrigeration and air conditioning are the largest end uses for fluorocarbons, although
they are also often used as polymer precursors.
In Western Europe, the largest fluorocarbons maker is Solvay, with 31% of the
330,000-metric tonne market, followed closely by Arkema, with 30% of the market.

FOCUS ON HFO 1234 yf -–NEXT GENERATION REFRIGERANT
EU PROBES
DUPONT- HONEYWELL REFRIGERANT COLLABORATION
R-1234yf
The European Commission has issued a statement of objections to Honeywell
and DuPont, citing the commission‘s preliminary view that a cooperation
started in 2010 to develop and produce refrigerant R-1234yf may have
breached EU antitrust rules.
A statement of objections is a formal step in commission investigations into

suspected violations of EU antitrust rules.
Honeywell and DuPont are the only two suppliers of HFO-1234yf to automakers.
The cooperation between the two companies on production of HFO-1234yf has
reduced their decision making independence and restricted competition, according
to the commission‘s provisional findings. The restrictions include a limitation of
available quantities of HFO-1234yf that would have otherwise been brought to the
market as well as a limitation of related technical development, the commission
says.
The commission says that it is concerned that a series of agreements concluded

between Honeywell and DuPont in 2010 related to production and the development
of production processes for HFO-1234yf may have hindered competition on the
market for the refrigerant.
View of DuPont
DuPont says that it has complied with applicable laws in developing and
commercializing HFO-1234yf. DuPont says that it will fight this move of European
Commission every step of the way, as it has no basis in law or fact.
DuPont and Honeywell developed HFO-1234yf jointly in response to the MAC

directive, according to DuPont. ―The regulatory time frame was short considering
the significant challenges of developing and commercializing a refrigerant that
meets all the automotive industry‘s needs. This short time frame was a primary
reason for DuPont and Honeywell working jointly‖.
HFO-1234yf would not have been successfully developed without DuPont and
Honeywell working together, DuPont says.
READ NANDINI CHEMICAL JOURNAL AND FORGE AHEAD

CARBON FIBER - UPDATES
Carbon fiber precursor plant in France
Toray Industries has held a ceremony to mark the completion of a new polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
manufacturing plant at Lacq, France.
The product is used as precursor in the production of carbon fiber.

The completed precursor plant is part of Toray‘s investment plan
announced in March 2012 to expand carbon fiber production
capacity at its four global production sites in Japan, the United
States, France and South Korea.
The new plant is the third PAN production base at the group,
adding to facilities in Japan and the United States. It enables
Toray‘s subsidiary for carbon fiber in Europe to integrate
production, switching to precursor produced at its own plant from
material imported from Japan, which will boost the company‘s cost
competitiveness.
The subsidiary will also supply various Toray production bases, including the advanced
materials subsidiary in South Korea, contributing to the group wide business expansion.
Worldwide demand for PAN based carbon fibers exceeded 40,000 metric tonne per year in
2013 and is expected to continue growing by more than 15% per year. In addition to Toray‘s
high performance regular tow carbon fiber Torayca, the company in February acquired Zoltek
(St. Louis) and fully entered the large tow carbon fiber business, enabling it to respond to
growing demand by supplying products that meet various market needs.
*****
Carbon fiber plant in France
Hexcel is expanding its carbon fiber production capacity through new polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
and carbon fiber lines at Roussillon, France.
The $250-million facility is part of Hexcel‘s ongoing, worldwide investment to create a diversified
global supply chain to support aerospace customers‘ growing demand for carbon fiber
composites. The new plant will occupy a 37-acre site at the Osiris Chemicals Industry Platform,
which is close to Hexcel‘s weaving and prepreg manufacturing facilities near Lyon, France.
Carbon fiber from the new plant will be supplied to Hexcel customers, including Airbus for the
A350 XWB and Safran for the CFM LEAP engine. The construction of the new plant will begin
by mid-2015. The unit is expected to be operational in early 2018. In recent years, Hexcel has
increased its PAN and carbon fiber capacities through targeted expansions at existing facilities.
Hexcel is currently investing in ongoing precursor and carbon fiber expansions at its facilities in
the United States and installing its resin mixing and filming technology, first developed in
Europe, in the country.
Hexcel uses its own PAN and carbon fiber technology. The company currently operates a PAN
plant at Decatur, AL; and carbon fiber facilities at Salt Lake City and Illescas, Spain.

UPDATE ON GAS / OIL EXPLORATION
Delay in ONGC drilling of HTHP fields
ONGC‘s plans to produce oil and gas from ‗high temperature, high pressure‘ fields
(HTHP fields) will take at least another year to reach fruition.
It has been two years since ONGC set up a ‗Centre for Delivery‘ for generating oil
and gas from ‗high temperature, high pressure (HTHP)‘ reservoirs. These tough to
tame reservoirs are estimated to hold about 350 million metric tonne of oil and gas,
though yield is likely to be only a seventh of the figure.
In HTHP reservoirs, oil and gas lie embedded in sand and rocks at very high
temperatures or pressure. Earlier, there was no technology to prodce hydrocarbons
from such fields, but companies have now developed the technology.
The ‗Centre for Delivery‘ is based in Chennai.
ONGC plans to drill five wells ―in the near future‖, two in the Cauvery basin and
three in the Krishna-Godavari basin.
However, industry sources say that even 2015-16 may be too optimistic. Tenders
have been issued calling for partners and consultants in the Cauvery basin, the first
may be near Bhuvanagiri, which is both high pressure and ‗tight‘ (where
hydrocarbons lurk in hard rock and have to be fracked out). The oil-bearing zone is
a lucractive 400 metres thick, and occurs at a depth of 3.3km.
Another at Periyakudi was discovered three years ago. This one, nearly 5 km
down, features all three major challenges high temperature, high pressure and
tight. But the oil bearing zone is over half a kilometre thick.
The third is a tight reservoir at Pallivaramangalam. In the K-G basin, three are on
land Bantumilli, Kottalanga and Mandapetta and one in the shallow waters off
Yanam.
*****
Polymer injection in Mangala field to enhance oil recovery
Cairn India has initiated polymer injection at the ‗Mangala‘ field to enhance
recovery of oil. ―Mangala enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project is among the largest
polymer flood EOR programmes in the world. The polymer injection activity would
gradually be ramped up.
Polymer flooding, also known as chemical flooding or chemical EOR, is one of the
preferred EOR technologies used for improving oil recovery,particularly in older and
declining oil wells/oil reservoirs. In polymer flooding, polymers are used to make
the water injected into the injection well oil reservoirs more viscous.

UPDATE ON GAS / OIL EXPLORATION
Cairn India has recognised the potential for chemical EOR at an early stage of development in
its Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya (MBA) fields. The reservoir quality, oil properties and
ambient temperature make these fields ideal for the application of chemical flooding EOR
methods such as polymer or alkaline surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding. The chemical EOR
programme has a potential to enhance recoveries from the Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya
fields by around 300 mmbbls.
The Mangala ASP pilot programme, the next phase of EOR has also yielded excellent results so
far, suggesting better mobilisation of oil post polymer flooding.
This will enable the company to further unlock the potential of the prolific Rajasthan block and
help contribute significantly towards the nation‘s energy security.
*****
Sale price of KG basin gas by GSPC
Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation (GSPC) has agreed to sell natural gas produced from its
Deen Dayal West (DDW) field in the Krishna-Godavari basin at a government approved price of
$5.61/mBtu.
This clears the uncertainty that the Gujarat based explorer wants a much higher gas price of
$8.5 per mBtu against revised government approved price of $5.61 from November 1.
GSPC has reportedly spent more than $2 to 3 billion to develop the acreage and also came
across several hurdles to drill the area in the Bay of Bengal. Intitial estimated production were
pegged at 5 to 6 mscmd, which could go upto 15 mscmd upon development of additional wells.
The prolific find — KG-8 — later renamed as Deen Dayal is pegged to hold 1.8 trillion cubic feet
(tcf) of reserves, which was also certified by upstream regulator Directorate General of
Hydrocarbons (DGH).
The block was bagged in 2003. GSPC is the operator with 80% stake, while UK‘s Jubilant and
Canada‘s GeoGlobal Resources each have 10% share.
153 YEAR OIL WELL IN PITTSBURG, USA

THAT IS STILL PUMPING ON
About 70 miles north of Pittsburgh in USA, a pothole pocked dirt road along the side of a
warehouse leads to a solitary oil well.
McClintock No. 1, the world‘s oldest continually producing oil well, is still going after 153 years,
quietly churning out about 1/10 of a barrel a day from a small spot in a clearing of trees.
Crude bubbles up from this 625-foot well. On its best days, McClintock yielded about
175 barrels.
The well‘s output today is sold to a fuel company to make motor oil, but that is not really why
it‘s still in operation.. ―It‘s definitely not economically viable right now. It‘s about the status.‖

ACRYLONITRILE - PRODUCT PROFILE
Appearance Clear and free from suspended matter
Chemical formula: C3H3N
CAS No. 107-13-1
Application
Acrylonitrile is used as feedstock for the production of products such as acrylamide, acrylic
fibers, adiponitrile, ABS and SAN resins, nitrile rubber
Indian scenario
Reliance Industries Ltd., is the only producer of acrylonitrile in India
Installed capacity: 41,000 metric tonne per annum
Indian demand: Around 1,40,000 metric tonne per annum
Indian import
Period Import
(April to March) (Quantity in metric tonne)
2009-2010 64693
2010-2011 72617
2011-2012 77356
2012-2013 81963
2013-2014 100861
Global scenario
At present, the world total production capacity of acrylonitrile is 6.4 million metric tonne per year.
The enterprises with large production capacity are INEOS Group, with production capacity of
1.043 million metric tonne per year, Ascend Performance Materials, Inc. of America, with
production capacity of 520,000 metric tonne per year, Japan Asahi Kasei of 500,000 metric
tonne per year.
The world acrylonitrile demand is about 6 million metric tonne.
The major world acrylonitrile consuming regions are Asia, Europe and North America. Asia is
the world's largest acrylonitrile consumption region, accounting for about 59% of the world's
total consumption. In European region, the acrylonitrile consumption accounts for about 20%
and in the American region, acrylonitrile consumption accounts for about 11%.

Global import
Period
Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Quantity in metric tonne
Belgium 40,829 62,771 60,043 63,602 88,892

China 451,007 445,787 541,665 555,444 547,582
Egypt 23,295 39,853 11,230 19,252 21,611
France 68,900 82,507 86,934 83,419 82,868
Germany 67,832 66,006 57,145 58,843 64,662
Hungary 17,610 16,482 23,265 21,192 14,094
India 82,612 68,339 74,613 81,337 93,034
Korea, Republic of 82,462 84,784 87,084 113,472 100,032
Malaysia 57,230 96,143 80,900 69,396 90,988
Mexico 75,310 81,830 54,869 62,287 59,901
Netherlands 20,139 20,759 61,756 41,216 33,641
Peru 28,256 34,372 31,549 26,144 29,500
Portugal 51,126 43,786 47,611 54,182 45,393
Taipei, Chinese 91,541 113,981 107,834 107,433 97,820
Thailand 139,335 141,060 137,412 70,461 68,002
United Arab Emirates 8,483 2,100 14,756 7,790 11,686
United Kingdom 18,756 40,522 30,583 9,588 15,847
Others 37,045 86,068 87,454 42,084 95,263
Total 1,361,768 1,527,150 1,596,703 1,487,142 1,560,816
Global export
Period
Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Belgium 4,282 12,266 18,475 14,941 27,039

Belarus 29,634 19,695 25,878 21,464 21,016
Brazil 42,342 57,990 38,530 51,454 44,155
Germany 67,448 91,149 117,339 62,150 54,742
Japan 262,168 212,336 288,087 128,966 100,741
Mexico 7,653 43,672 22,431 15,647 22,673
Netherlands 27383 32672 10795 3217 183,911
Russian Federation 98,597 99,476 128,711 139,567 119,655
Taipei, Chinese 93,605 105,954 113,438 155,337 175,752
Turkey 3,556 18,890 13,962 18,133 10,480
United Kingdom 165,002 220,290 160,282 217,049 173,619
USA 504933 624188 528722 616344 447227
Others 9488 28933 25767 30466 48283
Total 1,488,440 1,746,527 1,677,816 1,675,820 1,735,34
6

Process
Acrylonitrile is produced by ammoxidation of propylene.
Propyelne, ammonia and air are reacted in a fluidised bed reactor to produce acrylonitrile with
acetonitrole and hydrogen cyanide as by products.
The original catalyst consisted of bismuth phosphomolybdate on silica, but recent catalyst
developments have improved yields and can boost capacity of existing plants by 20%.
BP Amco Chemicals, Asahi Chemicals, and Mitsubishi Chemicals are working on a new
generation propane based technology.
Since the price of propane is lower than that of propylene, producers have focused on the
research on propane ammoxidation process for producing acrylonitrile.
Issues and lawsuit in China
Ineos Group AG claims there are at least three new acrylonitrile factories being built in China
that are illegally using its technology and it defended its high-stakes lawsuit against Chinese
state owned petrochemical company Sinopec, by saying that it feared a wave of copycat
factories there would threaten the future of its business.
Ineos, which claims that its technology provides the basis of 90 percent of the world‘s
acrylonitrile production, accused Sinopec in a lawsuit in China of violating Ineos intellectual
property and misusing trade secrets to construct new facilities in China.
It also suggested that the outcome of the legal battle could have major commercial implications,
since most of the world‘s new acrylonitrile production through 2020 will be in China.
Scenario in China
In 2013, China‘s total capacity to make acrylonitrile reached around 1.388 million metric tonne
per annum and the total output reached around 1,2824 million metric tonne.
In 2013, China‘s apparent consumption of acrylonitrile was 1.83 million metric tonne, being
slightly more than that in 2012. China‘s consumption mix of acrylonitrile was around 48% for
acrylic fiber, 28% for ABS/SAN, 14% for acrylamide, 5% for polyether polyols and around 5% for
others including acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.

Major acrylonitrile producers in China, 2013 (kilo metric tonne per annum)
Producer Capacity Output Location
PetroChina Jilin Petrochemical Company 420 304.6 Jilin, Jilin Province
Shanghai Secco Petrochemical Co. Ltd., 260 288.7 Shanghai
Sinopec Anqing Petrochemical Co.Ltd.,Acrylic Fiber Plant 210 184.2 Anqing, Anhui Province
Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd., 130 128.4 Shanghai
PetroChina Fushun Petrochemical Co. Ltd., 90 76.8 Fushun, Liaoning Province
PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical Co. Ltd., 80 81.8 Daqing, Heilongjiang Province
PetroChina Daqing Refining & Chemical Co. Ltd., 80 80.6 Daqing, Heilongjiang Province
Sinopec Qilu Company 80 106.5 Zibo, Shandong Province
PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochemical Co. Ltd., 30 21.5 Lanzhou, Gansu Province
Shandong Qitai Petrochemical Co. Ltd., 8 9.3 Zibo, Shandong Province
Total 1388 1282.4
China‘s new/planned acrylonitrile projects (kilo metric tonne per annum)

Producer Capacity Remarks
Shanghai Secco Petrochemical Co. Ltd., 260 The project will be put into operation by the end of 2014
China Blue Chemical Ltd., 200 Being located in Hainan Province and undetermined
China Wanda Group 260 The first phase 130 kt/a will start up in October 2014
Guangxi Keyuan New Materials Co. Ltd., 200 The project will be put into production in 2014
Shandong Keluer Chemicals Co. Ltd., 260 -
Bohai INEOS Chemical (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., 260 The project will be put into operation by 2016
Total 1440
China‘s supply and demand for acrylonitrile during 2008-2013 (Kilo metric tonne)
Year Output Import volume Export volume Apparent Self-sufficiency in
consumption %
2008 942 285 6 1,221 76.6
2009 967 451 0.0 1,418 68.2
2010 1,090 446 0.0 1,536 68.9
2011 1,111.2 541.7 0.0 1,652.9 67.0
2012 1,158.2 555.4 0.0 1,713.6 67.6
2013 1,282.4 547.6 0.0 1,830.0 70.0
In general, China‘s demand for acrylonitrile will be close to 2 million metric tonne in 2014 and
will increase at an average annual rate of 7% to 8% in the next few years.
Acrylonitrile project in Middle East region
Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic), and its Japanese partners, Mitsubishi Corporation
(Mitsubishi) and Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation (Asahi) signed a joint venture to build the
first acrylonitrile and sodium cyanide plant in the Middle-East.
Sabic, Mitsubishi and Asahi established in April 2011 the joint venture Saudi Japanese
Acrylonitrile Company (SHROUQ) in Saudi Arabia.In order to benefit from existing
infrastructures. The joint venture partners selected Sabic site at Al-Jubail Industrial City in the
Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia to erect this first Acrylonitrile project.
Capacity : - 200,000 metric tonne per year of acrylonitrile and 40,000 metric tonne per year
of sodium cyanide.
After the completion of this new acrylonitrile plant, capacity of Asahi will reach 1.4 million metric
tonne per year.

POLYCARBONATE – GLOBAL SCENARIO
Polycarbonate is an amorphous engineering thermoplastic, which combines
superior mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties offered separately
by metals, glass and other plastics.
Polycarbonate is available in different grades and can be extruded, blow and

injection moulded. Polycarbonate is also used in compounds or blended with
other polymers.
CAS No. 25037-45-0
Properties and its significance
Property Significance
Makes it useful for long service life under extreme,
Impact strength heavy duty conditions.
Qualifies it for use in precision engineered
Dimensional stability components, where close tolerances are required.
Approximate that of the light transformation of
Transparency acrylics and glass.
Difficult to ignite and usually extinguishes on
removal from flame which is yellow and sooty.
Burning properties Unmodified unfilled grades typically have a UL94

V-2 rating and filled grades UL94 V-1.
Flame retardant grades may be rated UL94 V-0

and UL95-5-V
Makes it useful in applications involving high
Self extinguishing properties temperature use, where safety hazards may exist.
Dissolves in solvents of similar solubility
parameter, which have proton donating ability (eg.
Solubility chloroethane and dichloromethane, chloroform and
1,1,2-trichloroethane).
Somewhat limited resistance to hydrolysing
agents.
Chemical and solvent Not resistant to caustic soda, caustic potash,

resistance ammonia and many aromatic amines.
Some resistance to dilute mineral acids.

Tends to pick up small amount of water (upto
0.3%) and thus it is important to keep material
Key processing properties very dry before processing.

Commercial Grades
 Unreinforced Standard Grade

 Unreinforced Flame Retardant Grade
 Glass Reinforced grade
 Special grade
Application
Polycarbonate resin is used as moulds, sheets, blends, films and compounds in the
following sector
* Electronic, Electrical and Instrumentation industry

* Optical storage devices
* Automobile sector
* Safety and security appliances
* Writing instruments
* Construction sector
* Household and domestic ware
* Lighting
* Medical devices
Emerging applications
Emerging applications of polycarbonates include plastic glazing, inhalers, orthopedic

devices.
Bayer MaterialScience has developed and launched two new products based on
polycarbonate that meet the requirements for use in furniture.
Plastic glazing for cars
GE Plastics and Bayer have formed a joint venture, Exatec, to develop the market
for plastics glazing.
Several car manufacturers such as Opel have begun to use polycarbonate panels.
Several plastics moulding companies also specialise in making plastics glazing for
cars.
Automotive windscreens
The industry is investing much effort in using polycarbonate in automotive

windscreens. Although widespread use is still years away, this is potentially a fast
growth area.

Indian import
Period Import in metric tonne

(April to March)
2009 to 2010 54,315.

2010 to 2011 105,264
2011 to 2012 116,028
2012 to 2013 122,742
2013 to 2014 123,433
There is no production of polycarbonate resin in India.
Global import / export
Period Import in metric tonne Export in metric tonne

(January to December)
2009 3,170,662 2,859,659

2010 3,761,189 3,054,779
2011 3,496,490 2,988,117
2012 3,913,109 3,362,588
2013 3,828,282 3,031,152
Global importers
Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
China 1,027,276 1,265,529 1,228,114 1,375,483 1,378,620

Hong Kong, China 346,316 426,011 339,005 325,377 315,070
Singapore 52,020 62,162 75,756 196,775 175,083
Taipei, Chinese 163,321 170,997 168,435 197,668 166,740
Mexico 347,977 167,550 124,817 148,654 154,304
Germany 105,671 125,395 140,394 167,195 148,409
Italy 104,298 128,068 123,408 124,569 122,137
India 44,133 98,291 106,578 119,881 122,071
Japan 86,694 104,095 86,718 75,874 70,706
Others 813,466 1,112,964 1,002,980 1,089,906 1,081,512
Total 3,170,662 3,761,189 3,496,490 3,913,109 3,828,282

Global exporters
Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

United States of America 270,433 388,306 395,091 431,562 400,041
Thailand 370,248 382,171 388,977 380,728 346,382
Singapore 212,854 245,100 252,842 350,141 328,906
Taipei, Chinese 198,162 224,962 208,562 233,782 267,373
Spain 234,693 278,921 248,723 228,971 241,787
Netherlands 194,862 184,481 208,875 230,814 224,985
China 214,671 295,427 237,969 211,730 208,858
Japan 158,276 180,132 162,549 182,637 161,439
Saudi Arabia 0 366 66,889 193,709 161,156
Others 692,249 538,896 452,080 483,738 205,762
Total 2,859,659 3,054,779 2,988,117 3,362,588 3,031,152
Global supply scenario
The global polycarbonate market is growing 3.2% this year and total demand is expected to
reach 3.7 million metric tonne per annum.
Capacity will be growing above 5% over the next five years, creating opportunities for buyers to
negotiate price reductions.
Demand for polycarbonate is now very much driven by developments in China.
Asia now represents 59% of total demand. The United States is just 14%. Five new
polycarbonate plants are being built in China and one in Korea.
Global consumption by end use sector
Electronics
21%
Other applications
45%
Sheet/Flim
18%
Optical media
16%

Major PC producers in China in 2013 (kilo metric tonne per annum)
Producer Capacity
Sinopec Mitsubishi Chemical Polycarbonate (Beijing) Co. Ltd. 60

Bayer MaterialScience (China) Co., Ltd. 200
Teijin Polycarbonate Co., Ltd. 147
Lingyou Engineering Plastics (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 80
Total 487
PC projects newly constructed or planned in China (kilo metric tonne per annum)
Enterprise New capacity Expected time for starting production
Ningbo Zhenyang Chemical Co. Ltd., 100 March 2014

Luxi Chemical Group Co., Ltd., 65 2016
Sinopec SABIC Tianjin Petrochemical Co., Ltd., 260 2017
Bayer MaterialScience (China) Co. Ltd., 200 2017
Yangquan Coal Industry Group Qingdao 100 2016-2017
Hengyuan Chemical Co. Ltd.,
Lihuayi Group Weiyuan Chemical Co. Ltd., 60 2016-2017
Globe Joint Chemical Co., Ltd. 130
Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co., Ltd., 100
The new capacity comes on top of a SABIC polycarbonate expansion in Saudi Arabia in 2011.
Process outline
Most polycarbonate is produced via routes that use phosgene and bisphenol-A.
Several producers have commercialized processes that use non phosgene routes
and several of the new polycarbonate plants employ non phosgene processes.
Prognosis
In recent times, substantial increase in demand has taken place in the optical
storage media.
The growth in the automobile sector and construction activities also would ensure
steady growth in demand for polycarbonate resins and sheets as well as blends.
While a number of new applications are emerging, the growth in demand would
even become more vibrant, if strong application development efforts would be
initiated by the manufacturers.

SPOTLIGHT ON SPECIALITY CHEMICAL
ETFBO
Chemical name: 4-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-butene-2-one
Common name: ETFBO
CAS number: 59938-06-6
Molecular formula: C6H7F3O2
Boiling point: 150 deg.C
Relative density: 1.2155 g/ml
Purity: Min 98%
Appearance: ETFBO is a flammable, yellow liquid with an etherical

odour
Stability: ETFBO is unstable in water, where it rapidly reacts to give

aldehydes and hydrogen fluorides
It has a boiling temperature of 159 deg.C and low

volatility
Toxicity:
ETFBO is very toxic after short term exposure by inhalation and harmful after oral
exposure. After repeated exposure via inhalation, adverse effects in the respiratory
tract were observed at very low concentrations.
ETFBO is irritating to the eyes and the skin. It may cause allergic skin reactions.
ETFBO does not cause genetic effects.
Uses:
ETFBO is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
ETFBO is a building block that boosts the efficiency of active ingredient molecules
and makes them more easily biodegradable.
Large active ingredient molecules for pharmaceutical products and agrochemicals

are put together from smaller, so-called synthetic building blocks. ETFBO is such a
synthetic building block, which contributes both fluorine and a complex molecular
structure to the active ingredient molecule at the same time.
Packing:
PE lined metal drums; samples in glass bottles

SPOTLIGHT ON SPECIALITY CHEMICAL -ETFBO
ETFBO plant in Germany, installed by Solvay
Solvay has inaugurated a 4-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-butene-2-one (ETFBO)

manufacturing plant in Bad Wimpfen, Germany.
Built with an investment of €5m, the facility will
produce 1,000 metric tonne of the ETFBO
compound each year and will expand Solvay's
portfolio of fluorinated organic intermediates.
Solvay in Bad Wimpfen is the most important

site for the production of these fluorinated
speciality chemicals and the only ETFBO supplier
worldwide.
In Bad Wimpfen, Solvay produces a wide range

of special fluorine chemicals.
In Bad Wimpfen, Solvay produces a wide range of special fluorine chemicals.
The so called CF3 chemistry has been an important pillar for the site since the
1980s, when the production process for trifluoroacetyl chloride (TFAC) was
developed. Today, it is a high revenue product and a raw material for ETFBO.
To begin with, only small amount were synthesised for research purposes in Bad
Wimpfen. These were then successfully tested in co operation with selected
customers.
After that, ETFBO was produced at the industrial scale in a multi purpose facility.
The rapidly growing demand now makes a dedicated ETFBO facility viable.
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PHOSGENE – PRODUCT PROFILE
Synonyms : CG; carbon dichloride oxide; carbon oxychloride; Chloroformyl
chloride; dichloroformaldehyde; dichloromethanon
CAS No.: 75-44-5
Molecular Formula: COCl2
Appearance: Colourless gas
Solubility: Decomposes in water

Soluble in benzene, toluene, acetic
acid, decomposes in alcohol and acid
Toxicity
Phosgene is highly toxic and

symptoms of its inhalation are noticed
slowly.it mainly leads to respiratory
disorders such as suffocation, which is
a major restraint for the growth of the
phosgene industry.
If this compound is handled with extensive care and all necessary precautions are
taken to avoid inhalation, the problem can be overcome.
Uses and application
Phosgene is used for producing many polycarbonates and isocyanates.
Toluene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate are the two most important
derivatives of phosgene.
* Phosgene is a versatile reagent used in many well known applications

including the synthesis of complex heterocycles peptides and protecting groups,
phenobarbitone.
* Phosgene is gaining increasing importance in the manufacture of key

intermediates for the synthesis of oral antibiotic becampicilline and in the
phosgenation of aldehydes and epoxides. A new hexa alkyl quanidinium chloride
catalyst has been developed which can be used in the synthesis of acid chlorides,
dementhylation of aryl methyl esters and regeneration of triphenyl phosphine which
is used in vitamin synthesis.

Diethylcarbamoyl chloride
Diethylcarbamoyl chloride is a derivative of phosgene and is used to hydrolyze

water insoluble compounds and is used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Process
Industrially, phosgene is produced by passing purified carbon monoxide and

chlorine gas through a bed of porous activated carbon, which serves as catalyst.
CO + Cl2 → COCl2 (ΔHrxn = −107.6kJ/mol)
The reaction is exothermic and therefore, the reactor must be cooled. Typically,
the reaction is conducted between 50 and 150 deg.C. Above 200 deg. C, phosgene
reverts to carbon monoxide and chlorine.
Because of safety issues, phosgene is often produced and consumed within the
same plant and extraordinary measures are introduced to ensure safe handling of
the product.
Restrictions under OPCW
Phosgene is listed on schedule 3 of the Chemical Weapons Convention:

All production sites manufacturing more than 30 metric tonne per year of phosgene
must be declared to the OPCW.
Although less dangerous than many other chemical weapons, such as sarin,
phosgene is still regarded as a viable chemical warfare agent because it is so easy
to manufacture when compared to the production requirements of more technically
advanced chemical weapons such as the first generation nerve agent tabun.
Global consuming region
Western Europe has been the leading consumer of phosgene followed by North
America and China.
Global producers
PPG, Dow and VanDeMark Chemical are the major US based phosgene producers.
There are a few other producers in different countries.
VanDeMark Chemical (Lockport, NY),USA
The company makes phosgene and phosgene derivatives in the form of over
30 chemical compounds.

VanDeMark Chemical (Lockport, NY), acquired Isochem‘s Framochem

(Kazincbarcika, Hungary) subsidiary, rejoining the US and European phosgene
operations of the former SNPE (Paris).
Isochem is owned by private equity firm Aurelius (Munich), which acquired the
business from state owned SNPE in 2010. SNPE owned VanDeMark from
1999 to 2007.
With combined total of 22,000 metric tonne per year of phosgene capacity, the
combined company will be one of the world‘s largest producers of fine chemicals
focusing on phosgenation chemistry. Framochem operates six multi purpose
production lines at Kazincbarcika.
VanDeMark produces for the merchant market, as well as its own on site
requirements for pharmaceutical intermediates.
Jiangsu Jialong Chemical Co., Ltd.,China
Phosgene capacity of the company is 6000 metric tonne per annum . The company
has a leading position in the Chinese market with market share of 42% for
phosgene based esters and ranks the second with market share of 37% for
furanphenol, Jiangsu Jialong is located in Xuzhou, Jiangsu province
Hodogaya Chemical,Japan
Hodogaya Chemical was established in 1916. Later, the company began to

manufacture phosgene, an ingredient used in the manufacture of polyurethane and
other high performance resin materials.
Paushak Limited, India
Paushak is a specialty chemicals company belonging to the Alembic group. Located

near Vadodara, Gujarat, Paushak is involved in the production of phosgene gas and
phosgene based specialty Chemicals / intermediates.
Atul Ltd,India
Phosgene chemistry is a core competency of Atul‘s Pharmaceuticals and

intermediates division.
Atul Ltd is leading producer of sulfonyl urea herbicides and producer of phosgene
and phosgene based intermediates.

The company, is into various agro chemical products and launched Metoxuron, a
phosgene based pesticide.
Atul Ltd and Stamicarbon B.V. the DSM Licensing Center (DLC) have signed long
term contract for exclusive manufacture and supply of a polymer performance
additive based on phosgene chemistry.
Stamicarbon has patented the application of this specialty/performance chemical for

use in polyamides. Atul has established the manufacturing process based on initial
guidelines given by Stamicarbon.
Atul manufactures the specialty chemical and DSM will market it worldwide under
their brand.
Demand
Phosgene continues to find increasing use as the demand for fine chemicals
increases from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals manufacturers.
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) account for
80% of phosgene‘s demand. Flexible polyurethane foams constitute by far the
largest market for TDI.
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NON PHOSGENE ROUTES TO ELIMINATE USE OF PHOSGENE

Because of safety issues concerning phosgene use, several companies have
commercialized processes that use non-phosgene routes.
With the increasing demand for safer and cleaner chemical processes, the
hazardous phosgene route has to be improved or essentially being replaced by
eco friendly technologies with CO2 as the alternative C1 starting material.
Already, several of the newer polycarbonate plants employ the non phosgene
processes. Long-term non-phosgene for polycarbonate seems the way to go, not
only for safety concerns, but because significantly less capital is employed.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate production is based on reacting phosgene with phenol to produce

diphenyl carbonate (DPC), which is then reacted with bisphenol A (BPA) to produce
the polymer and liberate phenol for reuse.
The non phosgene route developed by various licensors involve the same overall
approach, where polymerisation relies on the transesterification of DPC (diphenyl
carbonate) with BPA. This is more commonly termed as the melt process, as the
two stage polymerisation takes place in the absence of solvents.
Commercial processes for DPC production (non phosgene route) is given below
Name of the company Process adopted / developed

Sabic Innovative Plastics Oxidative carbonylation of methanol to yield dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
The DMC undergoes trans esterification with phenol to give DPC

Bayer DMC is made by carbonylation of methyl nitrite
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Urea is reacted with n-butanol to give dibutyl carbonate
The dibutyl carbonate undergoes trans esterification with phenol to give

DPC.
The non phosgene process for polycarbonate (PC) production developed by

Asahi Kasei is the world's first to use carbon dioxide as starting material.
The new process eliminates the hazards associated with the use of carbon
monoxide, phosgene and methylene chloride as process materials. The process
features high productivity and yield, little by product, less contaminated process
water requiring treatment and low impurities in product PC. High purity ethylene
glycol (EG) is a co product of the process.

Plants Licensed by Asahi Kasei for polycarbonate by non phosgene route
Licensee Location Capacity

(metric tonne per annum)
Chimei-Asahi Corp. Tainan, Taiwan 65,000

Chimei-Asahi Corp. Tainan, Taiwan 75,000
OAO Kazanorgsintez Kazan, Russia 65,000
Honam Petrochemical Corp Yeosu, Korea 65,000
Cheil Industries Inc Yeosu, Korea 65,000
Non phosgene route for diphenyl carbonate
GE produces diphenyl carbonate (DPC) which is produced from carbon monoxide,

methanol and oxygen using Enichem Technology.
Mitsubishi has technology for making DPC from di-n-butyl carbonate, which is be
produced from urea and n-butyl alcohol.
Asahi/Chi Mei produces DPC from DMC, which is produced by methanolysis of

ethylene carbonate.
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO2
DMC is an ambient liquid and currently used in the production of polycarbonates

and lithium batteries. In the future, it is expected that DMC and its derivatives will
be used as additive to gasoline and diesel.
DMC is produced from phosgene and non phosgene route. Phosgene route
involves the reaction of phosgene and methanol, with hydrochloric acid as
byproduct. DMC has been produced by the reaction of methanol with phosgene in a
concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. However, owing to the high toxicity and
the severe corrosivity of phosgene, this process has been abandoned gradually.
Currently, DMC is produced mainly by oxidative carbonylation of methanol (non

phosgene route). The synthesis can be carried out in both liquid and gas phases.
Non phosgene route (developed by Polimeri / Lummus) involves the reaction of

carbon monoxide, methanol and oxygen. Carbon dioxide is produced as by
product. The CO2 is sent to a CO generation unit and recycled back to the process.
The process avoids the safety and waste product issues associated with
conventional phosgene based DMC processes.

The demand for DMC has grown strongly in recent times because of its green
properties. It is used increasingly as a substitute for toxic products such as
phosgene as well as traditional methylation agents. Other applications include as a
solvent for coatings, an octane booster in petrol and as a component of diesel.
Akzo Nobel Industrial Chemicals (ANIC)
Akzo Nobel developed a production route using CO2 as raw material.

The conversion process involves reacting CO2 with hydrogen to produce methanol.
Methanol is then converted into DMC using CO2. At present, the company
conducts pilot study and intends to scale up the design to 50,000 to 100,000 metric
tonne per annum.
The DMC process consists of a combination of new catalysts and new reactor
technology. VITO in Flanders and SINTEF in Norway joined Akzo Nobel as partners
in developing the technology.
SINTEF has the high throughput screening facilities needed to test the large number
of catalysts and this led to 240 unique catalysts, 40 of which are now being tested
in depth.
Both the European Union and the Dutch government are also contributing
financially to the R&D efforts.
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Recently, direct synthesis of DMC from CO2 and CH3OH has been reported as a
most attractive route due to the low cost of CO2 and the environmentally benign
process. However, DMC yield in this route is relatively low due to the fact that CO2
is thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert and due to the deactivation of
catalysts induced by water formation in the reaction process.
Scientists studied the reaction over Cu–Ni/graphite nano composite catalyst in

gaseous phase and obtained 10.13% of CH3OH conversion and 89.04% of DMC
selectivity at 105 deg C.
The other group of scientists studied the synthesis of DMC from gaseous methanol
and CO2 over H3PO4 modified V2O5 catalyst with various molar ratios H3PO4 / V2O5
(P/V). The best conversion (1.95%) and selectivity of DMC (92.12%) was
obtained at 130 deg C on the catalyst H3PO4 / V2O5 (P/V = 0.20).
The scientists from King Saud university studied synthesis of DMC from CH3OH and
CO2 in gas phase system under atmospheric pressure, using Co1.5PW12O40 as a
catalyst. It was found that both CH3OH conversion and DMC yield decreased with
increasing temperature, owing to the decreased CO2 adsorption on the catalyst at
high temperatures.

The optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of DMC are lower temperature and
high space velocity.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industry (MHI)
MHI is developing two step process using CO2 and methanol to produce dimethly
carbonate (DMC).
Non phosgene route for cyclic carbonate from CO2
The cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2 is one of the most promising and eco
friendly phosgene free methods for the manufacture of cyclic carbonates since this
would be a highly efficient and full atom efficiency process with high selectivity.
Five membered cyclic carbonates, as one of the most important classes of

heterocycles starting from CO2, have found wide applications such as electrolytic
elements of lithium secondary batteries, polar aprotic solvents, monomers for
synthesizing biodegradable polycarbonate, chemical ingredients for preparing
pharmaceutical or agricultural chemicals and alkylating agents.
Phosgene Free carbamoylation of aniline via dimethyl carbonate
Organic carbamates are versatile compounds employed as pesticides, fungicides

and herbicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and in the synthesis of
polyurethanes, in addition to being used as protecting groups. Industrially,
carbamates are synthesized predominantly through the reaction of the parent
amine with phosgene (i.e., chloroformate) . This process is toxic and produces
unwanted waste.
Probably the most promising phosgene free synthetic approach for carbamoylation
of aniline is the one involving dimethyl carbonate (DMC) chemistry.
MOLASSES & STARCH BASED CHEMICAL PROJECTS

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SOLVAY’S PLANS FOR SODA ASH
Solvay, the world‘s leading producer of soda ash, has announced plans to
invest in its plant at Devnya, Bulgaria, to improve energy efficiency.
Two largest European facilities of

Solvay, at Devnya and Torrelavega,
Spain, are both situated on coasts and
are the main units for supplying
overseas as well as their respective
local markets. Other Solvay plants in
Europe—at Bernburg and Rheinberg,
Germany; Dombasle, France; and
Rosignano, Italy—cater to their
respective domestic markets.
Devnya plan
Devnya, Solvay‘s largest synthetic soda ash production plant in Europe and one of
the largest such plants globally, will be equipped with a new steam boiler whose
energy efficiency will reduce carbon dioxide emissions and improve the site‘s
environmental performance. The facility‘s capacity will remain 1.5 million metric
tonne per year.
Solvay‘s soda ash and derivatives business has reported sales of €1.4 billion this
year, a slight increase on 2013.
Closure of plant in Portugal
The company, as part of its restructuring, closed down a 230,000 metric tonne per
year soda ash unit at Povoa, Portugal, in February,2014.
Facility in USA
Solvay‘s Green River, WY, soda ash facility, the company‘s only trona plant, will be
expanded by 150,000 metric tonne per year, to 2.65 million metric tonne per
year, by the beginning of 2015. The increase is dedicated to export markets.
Sodium bicarbonate facility
Solvay operates two sodium bicarbonate facilities in the United States and produces
the material at all its European soda ash plants.
Solvay will complete 100,000 metric tonne per year sodium bicarbonate facility at
Map Ta Phut in mid-2015. The plant will serve Asia‘s food, feed, and health
markets, as well as the flue gas treatment industry.

NEWS ROUND UP – INTERNATIONAL
Ammonia plant in USA
Linde will build an ammonia plant for J.R. Simplot (Boise)

adjacent to Simplot‘s phosphate fertilizer complex at Rock
Springs, WY.
The 600- metric tonne per day plant will supply Simplot‘s Rock
Springs complex as well as its Pocatello, ID, phosphate fertilizer
production site. The plant will take about two years to complete.
Phosphine plant in USA *****
Cytec Industries has announced the mechanical completion of the Welland, ON, phosphine
manufacturing plant. This facility will double Cytec‘s phosphine and derivative manufacturing
capacity.
*****
Activated carbon capacity expansion
Cabot and Westmoreland Coal (Englewood, CO) are doubling capacity of activated carbon, to
70 million lbs, at their jointly owned site at Bienfait, SK. The new capacity will be online in 2016.
*****
New methionine complex in Singapore
Germany‘s Evonik has announced that its new methionine complex in Singapore came on
stream on November 4,2014 after two years in construction. This plant has capacity of 150,000
metric tonne per annum , bringing Evonik‘s methionine capacity worldwide up to 580,000 metric
tonne per annum.
Evonik markets DL-methionine under the ‗MetAmino‘ brand name. The company has spent
over €500-mn on the complex.
‗MetAmino‘ and all strategically important precursors will be produced in the new methionine
complex.
The feed additive ‗MetAmino‘ ensures more balanced nutrition of poultry and swine, conserving
resources and the environment and thus making a valuable contribution to sustainability in food
production. In addition, Evonik is investing in amino acid specialities with high growth rates.
Evonik is the only company in the world that produces and markets the four most important
amino acids that are required in advanced animal feed: ‗MetAmino‘ (DL-methionine), ‗Mepron‘
(DL-methionine for ruminants), DL-Methionine for ‗Aquaculture‘, ‗Biolys‘ (L-lysine source).
‗ThreAmino‘ (L-threonine), and ‗TryAmino‘ (L-tryptophan).
*****
Evonik’s German plant for polybutadienes
Evonik Indutries has opened a new plant for hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) in Marl,
Germany. The Group invested a mid double digit million euro amount in the plant, which has a
production capacity of several thousand metric tonnes per year.

NEWS ROUND UP – INTERNATIONAL
Evonik will market HTPB under the brand name ‗Polyvest HT‘ and
with it the company is extending its polybuytadienes product portfolio
by a further functionalised grade.
Polyvest HT‘ is primarily used in sealing compounds for insulating

glass windows as well as in adhesives for automotive construction.
With the Marl production site, the company have a backward
integration in butadiene.
*****
Polylactic acid plant in Thailand
Dutch biotechnology company, Corbion Purac is taking the next step in the bioplastics value
chain by setting up a 75000 metric tonne per annum polylactic acid (PLA) plant in Thailand
(estimated €60-mn capex). The announcement forms part of Carbion‘s updated strategic
direction for 2015-2018
Corbion will also continue exploring strategic alliances as part of its PLA growth strategy, in
order to enhance the business opportunities while mitigating the associated risks. Corbion
Purac will continue selling lactides to both existing and new PLA polymerisation customers.
Lactide sales for the coatings and adhesives markets will also continue.
*****
Chemtura to expand ADPA antioxidant capacity...
Chemtura will increase capacity for its Naugalube alkylated diphenyl amine (ADPA) liquid
antioxidants at three sites ―to prevent predicted future shortages of antioxidants in the
automotive petroleum additive industry worldwide.‖
By 2015, the company will increase capacity at its Elmira, ON, site by 20%; its Latina, Italy, site
by 25%; and its Kaohsiung, Taiwan, site by 10%.
Antioxidant demand is being driven particularly by Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards,
which are moving the industry toward downsized turbo charged engines with higher power
densities, Chemtura says.
*****
Invista’s nylon plant at Americana, Brazil
Nilit (Migdal HaEmek, Israel), a manufacturer of nylon 6,6 for

thermoplastics and apparel applications, has signed an agreement to
acquire Invista‘s Americana, Brazil, manufacturing site with intent to
continue the site‘s nylon 6,6 operations.
Nilit is an integrated nylon-6,6 business engaged worldwide in fibers for

the textile industry and engineering plastics for the automotive and
electrical industries.
In addition to the sites in the United States, China, and Israel, this acquisition complements
Nilit‘s global nylon 6,6 manufacturing operations.
*****

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Silica from rice husk
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (Akron,OH) has found

silica derived from rice husk ash performs equally to traditional
sources in reducing rolling resistance in tiers.
The company is negotiating with potential suppliers to purchase

the otherwise waste product.
Each year, more than 700 million metric tonne of rice is harvested worldwide and the disposal of
the rice husks is an environmental challenge.
*****
BASF invest in developing highly repellent slippery surfaces
BASF Venture Capital has led a $3 million Series A financing with a $1.5 million investment in
SLIPS Technologies Inc. based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.The Swiss entrepreneur and
private investor Hansjörg Wyss has also participated in the financing .
SLIPS Technologies develops customized, highly repellent slippery surfaces for customers in all
industries including energy, packaging, consumer, automotive and environmental.
The company‘s ground breaking technology platform was created by Prof. Joanna Aizenberg
and her team at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, and the Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences in
Cambridge, Massachusetts .
Alongside the investment, BASF has signed a joint development agreement with SLIPS
Technologies to develop SLIPS coated thermoplastics with primary focus on thermoplastic
polyurethanes (TPUs). TPUs are used in a variety of applications such as sports and leisure
footwear, industrial cables as well as specialty films. ―By collaborating with SLIPS Technologies,
we will develop and commercialize TPUs with new and exciting properties‖ says BASF.
SLIPS delivers solutions for creating exceptionally repellent and robust self cleaning surfaces on
metals, plastics, optics, textiles and ceramics.
*****
New method found to turn sawdust into petrol
Scientists at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) in Belgium used a new chemical
process to convert the cellulose in sawdust into hydrocarbon chains.
These hydrocarbons can be used as an additive in gasoline or as a component in plastics,

researchers said.
Cellulose is the main substance in plant matter and is present in all non edible plant parts of
wood, straw, grass, cotton and old paper.
"At the molecular level, cellulose contains strong carbon chains. We sought to conserve these
chains, but drop the oxygen bonded to them, which is undesirable in high grade gasoline," said
Professor Bert Sels.

The new method to derive these hydrocarbon chains from cellulose was developed by
researcher Beau Op de Beeck. "This is a new type of bio refining, and we currently have a
patent pending for it. We have also built a chemical reactor in our lab: we feed sawdust
collected from a sawmill into the reactor and add a catalyst a substance that sets off and
speeds the chemical reaction," said Dr Bert Lagrain.
"With the right temperature and pressure, it takes about half a day to
convert the cellulose in the wood shavings into saturated hydrocarbon
chains, or alkanes," Lagrain said.
"Essentially, the method allows us to make a 'petrochemical' product

using biomass - thus bridging the worlds of bio-economics and petro
chemistry," he added.
"The green hydrocarbon can also be used in the production of ethylene, propylene and benzene
the building blocks for plastic, rubber, insulation foam, nylon, coatings and so forth," Sels
added.The research was published in the journal Energy & Environmental Science.
*****
Canadian research body, to test fibre tech at Aditya Birla group unit
Canada‘s Centre for Research and Innovation in Bio Economy, an independent research
organisation, has teamed up with an Ontario based biochemical producer, Greenfield Specialty
Alcohols, to test a new fibre extraction technology at Aditya Birla Group‘s Terrace Bay, a pulp
mill.
Aditya Birla Group had acquired Terrace Bay Pulp, a North American paper grade pulp
company, for $110 million in 2012. The Indian firm plans to convert it into a specialty pulp
operation to be used to make rayon for textiles. Known as AV Terrace Bay, the acquisition had
given the Indian company access to the surrounding woodlands to produce dissolving wood
pulp, a critical ingredient for its viscose staple fibre (VSF) business.
The Ontario pulp mill is now being used as a testing ground for a prototype technology designed
to extract and separate sugar from wood and improve fibre recoveries. Centre for Research and
Innovation in Bio-Economy, with $25 million in funding provided by the Government of Ontario,
has decided to invest $1.3 million in the project, while Greenfield is to match the investment as
part of the $2.7 million project.
Work in India
At Aditya Birla Science and Technology Company (ABSTC) in Taloja,in Maharashtra the Fibre
Science Laboratory works in collaboration with the Group‘s fibre businesses to focus on
development of new products and technologies for cellulosic fibres and value added acrylic
fibres.
The Grasim Forestry Research Institute at Harihar houses the facility for manufacture of both
VSF and rayon grade pulp.

Moreover, even as the Birla Research Institute for Applied Sciences at Nagda in Madhya
Pradesh is accelerating improvements in new fibre production technologies, the Textile
Research and Application Development Centre at Kharach in Gujarat, has ushered in novel
applications for fibres.
*****
New material for cooling surfaces
Stanford University engineers have invented an ultra thin multilayered

material which can reflect sunlight from, say, buildings and thereby
lower the temperature of the building.
Though the technology is still young, the inventors believe that this can provide a solution to air
conditioning rooms, which now costs a lot of energy. Published in Nature, a paper by Aaswath
Raman et al. describes the new material and its properties.
At a thickness of about 1.8 microns, the material is thinner than an aluminium foil. It is made up
of seven layers of hafnium oxide and silicon dioxide, each of differing thicknesses, on top of a
thin layer of silver.
It is designed to reflect both infrared light (which cannot be seen) and visible sunlight.
What is special is that the material reflects light at the frequency which is not absorbed by
atmospheric gases. This is known as the atmospheric window.
When light with a frequency between 8 and 13 microns is beamed into the atmosphere, it goes
unabsorbed and escapes into outer space. This is the frequency window at which the material
reflects the infrared and visible light which strikes it. By this method, the material can cool the
interior by almost 5 degrees Celsius.
Though radiative cooling happens in the 8 to 13 micron window, atmospheric gases do absorb
radiation at about 10 microns. Since absorption at 10 micron band can also warm up the
atmosphere, of what advantage is this process?
Certainly, most surfaces exposed to the sky radiate their heat out as thermal radiation — one
could also call [it] ‗thermal light‘, since this is the heat all objects emit away as light at
wavelengths that correspond to the object‘s temperature.
The entire goal of the work is to harness this effect on the surface, specifically during the day,
and not to cool the atmosphere itself in anyway.
*****
Biodiesel technology
The Danish enzymes maker Novozymes announced the launch of the first commercial enzyme
technology to convert waste oil from fast food restaurants and factories into biodiesel for cars
and lorries.Conventional biodiesel is created by using natural materials such as rapeseed and
converting its oils into diesel fuel but such feedstocks are more expensive than waste."Biodiesel
producers can thereby reduce their raw material costs," Novozymes said in a press release.
*****

CHINA NEWS
Coal based energy project
China Kingho Energy Group Co., Ltd., a privately owned energy groups engaged in the
production for coal based clean energies and refined coal chemicals, on September 25
signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with KazMunaiGas, Kazakh state run oil
and gas company.
Under the MOU, both sides will jointly construct a ―coal based clean energy
comprehensive utilization project‖ in Kazakhstan.
*****
Indirect Coal to Liquids Project
Shaanxi Future Energy Chemical Corp. announced on September 30 that the

construction of its one million metric tonne per annum indirect coal to liquids project in
Yulin City of Shaanxi Province was approved by the National Development and Reform
Commission (NDRC).
The total investment in the project (including the matched coal mines) is over RMB22
billion. The project features higher diesel selectivity (30% higher than other domestic
enterprises) and a lower catalyst consumption (30% lower than other domestic
enterprises).
The project is expected to start commissioning by the end of 2014 and start production
in the first half of 2015.
Shaanxi Future Energy Chemical Corp. is a 50:25:20 joint venture among Yankuang
Group, Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., Ltd. and Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Group.
*****
Acrylic acid JV in China
Arkema has finalized the creation of Sunke, a joint venture with Jurong Chemical
(Yancheng, China), the leading acrylic acid manufacturer in China.
Arkema will have a majority stake in the jv, which will comprise the assets of Jurong
Chemical‘s acrylic acid production site at Taixing, China, which opened in 2012. Taixing
complex is China‘s biggest production site for acrylic acid and has an installed capacity
of 320,000 metric tonne per year, consisting of two world scale production lines.
The first stage of the transaction has been finalized, and, as a result, Arkema now has
access to 160,000 metric tonne per year of acrylic acid capacity in Asia—half of the
Taixing site‘s installed production—for a price of $240 million.
A third; 160,000 metric tonne per year production line is expected to start up at the
Taixing site in the first quarter of 2015. Arkema will then have an option to access
320,000 metric tonne per year of acrylic acid two thirds of the site‘s capacity for an
additional $235 million.
Arkema manufactures acrylic acid in France and the United States.

NEWS ROUND UP - INDIA
No licence needed for explosive used by mining sector
To help the mining, cement and construction sectors, the Government of India said
that no licence under the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951 would
be necessary for mine owners to manufacture ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO)
explosives.
―This will help mine owners using ANFO to continue mining operations and will help
the development of cement industry as well as the construction sector,‖ the
Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) said in a statement.
ANFO manufacturers were required to take licence for possession and use of
blasting accessories — booster, safety fuse, detonating fuse and detonators under
Explosive Rules, 2008 for which a firm has to obtain No Objection Certificate from
district authorities and also from Director General of Mines Safety.
Monthly returns are filed by the licence holders under the Explosive Rules to district
authorities as well as Petroleum & Explosives Safety Organization.
ANFO explosive is prepared by mixing ammonium nitrate with fuel oil in an

aluminium or wooden tray with hand mixing and immediately charging into the bore
holes in the adjacent quarry or mines for blasting.
No packaging, storage, sale or transportation of ANFO is involved in the

conventional manufacturing and using process.
The licencees prepare ANFO for their own use and on the spot captive consumption
for blasting purposes in metalliferous mines/quarries, the statement said.
*****
Cold storage warehouses at LNG terminals
Petronet LNG, India‘s biggest liquefied natural gas (LNG) importer, is carrying out
feasibility studies on harnessing ‗cold energy‘ for commercial usage by setting up
power generation units or specialised cold storage warehouses, at its LNG
terminals. The concept, popular in Japan and China, is being experimented in India,
where the possibility to set up cold storages near LNG terminals has been explored.
In an LNG terminal, the imported gas is received at cryogenic conditions (minus

1600 celsius). It is stored in specially designed storage tanks and re gasified using
various sources of heat. During re gasification, there is a reasonable potential for
recovery of ‗cold energy.‘ A few possible ways could be an air separation unit to
generate liquid industrial gases such as liquid nitrogen, oxygen and argon,
cryogenic power, warehousing, production of dry ice and integration with adjacent
power plants.

NEWS ROUND UP - INDIA
In case of power generation, cold energy gives additional efficiency of 5-10%.

It could be integrated with a power plant in the vicinity of the terminal, or with a
power station within the facility. But unless there is a long-term power purchase
agreement (PPA), it may not be viable.
In addition, cold energy could be used for specialised
cold storages. These are not normal warehouses they
require storage at cryogenic conditions and used to
store drugs/vaccines.
―In spite of such potential, only a small portion of cold

energy is recovered during the regasification process.
As LNG terminal integrated cold storage units exist in
Japan and China, the technical feasibility of such
projects already exists globally.‖
*****
Finnish firm to build biorefinery in India
Chempolis has signed a partnership agreement with Numaligarh Refinery Ltd. to

jointly build a biorefinery using Chempoli's formicobio tech.
*****
Cold storage facility in India – Status report
According to a report by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IME), a

professional organisation of the UK. investment in India‘s cold chain is projected to
be $15 billion over the next five years
Based on 2012 statistics, it said that India needs to expand its cold storage
infrastructure in an affordable, reliable and sustainable way to increase the
contribution of agriculture to the economy.
The report said that approximately 60 per cent of the total number of facilities are
located only in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, West Bengal and Punjab. Only 4 million of
the 104 million metric tonne of fresh produce is transported through a cold chain.
Cold storage for potatoes in West Bengal account for around 80 percent.
As West Bengal is one of the top producers in the country, private sector has
contributed about 85 percent of the investment in cold storage infrastructure in the
State.
New cold storage facility for onion, carrot, beetroot and apple are now being
proposed.The organization found that cold storages are used only for 10 to 11
percent of fruits and vegetables produced in India. The storage capacity needs to
increase 40 percent to avoid wastage, the report said.

AGRO CHEMICAL PAGE
GLOBAL PALM OIL SCENARIO
Recent developments in the global vegetable oils market have provided a likely
direction for palm oil prices in the first quarter of 2015.
A rebound in global oilseeds and

vegetable oil production for two
years in a row — 2013 and 2014 —
has resulted in a market surplus.
As a result, the global inventory of
four major oils — palm, soya,
rapeseed and sunseed — stands
expanded. Palm oil has shown the
highest level of inventory increase.
Malaysian stocks have risen above
the psychological level of two
million metric tonne.
Global output
Despite initial apprehensions about the adverse effects of El Nino, which triggered a
rally earlier in 2014, world palm oil production in 2013 to 2014 is up 3.5 million
metric tonne to a new high of 63.3 million tonnes. This was the result of new
plantings between 2005 and 2011. Those young trees have now matured into a
robust high yielding phase.
These factors have seen crude palm oil prices drop some 15 per cent in recent
months. In taking a call on palm oil price trends, the focus is invariably on the
world‘s largest producers and exporters, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Smaller producers in Thailand (2.2 million metric tonne) and Columbia (one million
metric tonne). are becoming increasingly important to the global equation.
The soyabean factor
Apart from output in 2014, other key drivers of palm oil prices are demand for
biodiesel, crude oil prices, weather events, currency dynamics and the outlook for
other soft oils.
The price differential between crude palm oil and soft oils that used to be in the
region of $150 a tonne is at just half that level currently. For palm oil to retain
market share, its discount to soft oils should continue to remain high.
The outlook for soyabean oil, in this context, is turning positive. Dry conditions
faced by Brazil in October are causing some anxiety about soyabean plantings,
particularly the yield. One can expect supply response to prices.

AGRO CHEMICAL PAGE
If the apprehended supply response were to combine with some adverse weather
event, it will lead to tightness in soyaoil prices, which will also affect palm oil. Crude
oil prices have considerably softened in recent weeks.
If the current price levels of crude oil sustains, it would be negative for palm oil, as
diversion for biodiesel will slow.
At the same time, palm oil will enter the biological down cycle in 2015 which, in
turn, means output growth may not be as healthy as in the previous two years.
This will lead to a drawdown in inventory over time.
Overall, the palm oil market is likely to face several pulls and pressures in the
coming months. If weather in South America improves in the coming days, the
price rally seen in October will peter out.
But other factors remaining unchanged, over the next four months, crude palm oil
is likely to trade in a range of 2,150 to 2,350 Malaysian ringgit a metric tonne.
*****
US patent on turmeric extract
Kerala-based Arjuna Natural Extracts

Ltd, has received a patent in the
United States on BCM-95, a turmeric
extract formulation that could be used
to target Alzheimer‘s disease.
The product is a re-blend of two

ingredients in turmeric, but in a ratio
that is not seen in naturally occurring
turmeric. It is a reblend of
curcuminoid and an essential oil of
turmeric.
India has in the past blocked efforts to patent naturally occurring turmeric and tulsi
(basil) etc, and has even set up a digital traditional library to document known uses
of these products. And the reason for that is because a patent gives the patent
holder a monopoly on the sale and manufacture of the product for a fixed period of
time.
The BCM-95 product works as a preventive, as it targets ß-amyloid, that is seen in

large quantities in people with Alzheimer‘s and is seen as one of the reasons for the
disease.
BCM95 - a mixture of curcumin, the yellow colouring substance of turmeric and an

essential oil from the spice is already available in India. But it is sold as a
supplement and does not make therapeutic claims.

AGRO CHEMICAL PAGE
The product has been peer reviewed and is also being studied for various indications
including arthritis, diabetes, depression, cancer prevention and treatment, adjutant
with chemotherapy and cancer radiation, liver and gastro intestinal diseases etc.
The product has already undergone human clinical trials in patients with Alzheimer‘s
disease at Chinese University of Hong Kong and is found to be beneficial in arresting
the progress of the disease. It is also undergoing two other human clinical trials in
patients with Alzheimer‘s disease and subjects at risk of developing Alzheimer‘s disease
in Australia.
The Department of Biotechnology in India had sanctioned around Rs.14 crore for a
clinical study of BCM95 in the treatment of mouth cancer.
Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd.,also applied for patent for the uses of amla extracts for
reducing cholesterol, pomegranate extracts for treating heart disease and extracts of
Boswsellia Serrata (Indian Frankincense) for prevention of arthritis and inflammation.
*****
Castor price behaviour
After a subdued period of trading well below Rs.4,000 a quintal due to inventory
overhang, castor seed prices have begun to look up in the last two months, thanks to
the improved market outlook. But prices have largely remained bound in the range
between Rs. 4,600 and Rs.4,700.
Clearly, seed availability is tightening as evidenced by castor seed production trends

and castor oil export over the last two years. From 22 lakh tonnes (lt) in 2011 to 2012,
seed production declined to 19.6 lt the following year and then to 16.9 lt in 2013\ to
2014.
At the same time, castor oil exports have maintained a robust pace. From 4 lt in
2011 to 2012, shipments increased to 4.3 lt the following year and then to 4.7 lt in
2013 to 2014. In the first six months of the current fiscal, castor oil exports totalled
2.4 lt.
The market fundamentals clearly point to tightness in availability, which is reflected in

somewhat higher prices beneficial to farmers.
India is the world‘s dominant producer of castor seed and exporter of castor oil,
enjoying as much as 80 per cent market share. The world market has seen prices as
high as $2,800 a metric tonne and as low as $1,200 in recent years.
But high prices are the exception rather than the norm. India holds a near monopoly
position; and yet obtains export prices that hardly reflect this near monopoly. Questions
are now being raised about the prices at which export deals are signed. Are Indian
exporters throwing away a valuable industrial oil at low prices that in turn denies seed
growers remunerative prices?
*****

PHARMA PAGE
CANNABIS CHEMICALS SLOW DOWN CANCER
The cannabis plant is known for its medicinal properties and has been used to relieve
symptoms associated with cancer, HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, anorexia, anxiety,
depression, and numerous other illnesses and conditions.
Cannabis is a controlled substance in the UK and is most commonly known as a

recreational drug.
Chemicals found in Cannabis extracts have been found to

dramatically slow down the growth of notoriously difficult
brain cancer tumours.
Two active chemical components found in cannabis plants,

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) were
tested as part of research into the treatment of brain cancer
tumours by British scientists.
Usually, the rate of survival for such patients five years after diagnosis, is just 10%.
Specialists at St George's, University of London, studied the treatment of brain cancer tumours
in the laboratory and discovered that the most effective treatment was to combine active
chemical components of the cannabis plant, which are called cannabinoids.
Cannabinoids are the active chemicals in cannabis and are also known more specifically as
phytocannabinoids.
There are 85 known cannabinoids in the cannabis plant.
The new research is now the first to show a drastic effect when combining THC and CBD with
irradiation.
Tumours growing in the brains of mice were drastically slowed down when THC/CBD was used
with irradiation.
Dr Wai Liu, lead researcher on the project, said "The results are extremely exciting. The
tumours were treated in a variety of ways, either with no treatment, the cannabinoids alone and
irradiation alone or with both the cannabinoids and irradiation at the same time. Those treated
with both irradiation and the cannabinoids saw the most beneficial results and a drastic
reduction in size. In some cases, the tumours effectively disappeared in the animals. This
augurs well for further research in humans in the future‖.
"The benefits of the cannabis plant elements were known before but the drastic reduction of
brain cancers if used with irradiation is something new and may well prove promising for
patients who are in gravely serious situations with such cancers in the future."
The research team are discussing the possibility of combining cannabinoids with
irradiation in a human clinical trial.

PHARMA PAGE
Scientists find alternative to antibiotics
In a major breakthrough, scientists have developed the first effective alternative to

antibiotics that may aid the fight against drug resistant infections.
In a small patient trial, the drug was shown

to be effective at eradicating the superbug
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA).
Researchers said it is unlikely that the

infection could develop resistance against the
new treatment, which is already available as
a cream for skin infections. They hope to
develop a pill or an injectable version of the
drug within five years.
The treatment marks "a new era in the fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria",
according to Mark Offerhaus, chief executive of the biotechnology company Micreos,
which is behind the advance.
The treatment attacks infections in an entirely different way from conventional

drugs and, unlike them, exclusively targets the Staphylococcus bacteria responsible
for MRSA, and leaves other microbes unaffected. The approach is inspired by
naturally occurring viruses that attack bacteria using enzymes called endolysins.
It uses a 'designer' endolysin, Staphefekt, which the scientists engineered to latch
on to the surface of bacteria cells and tear them apart.
GERMANY BANS DRUG MADE AT RANBAXY’S DEWAS PLANT

Drugmaker Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd has been barred by from exporting the antibiotic
cephalosporin to Germany from its plant in Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, for not complying
with standard manufacturing practices.
Germany‘s regulator issued a ―non-compliance‖ report for the plant where Ranbaxy
made the antibiotic, after an inspection in June, the European Medicines Agency said
on its website in a notice dated November 26.
During the inspection, the regulator found deficiencies related to operation of drug
manufacturing rooms and procedures related to sterilisation of equipment at the Dewas
site, the notice said.
The Dewas factory and Ranbaxy‘s other India-based plants are also barred from
exporting to the United States after the US Food and Drug Administration inspections
found those plants violated standard manufacturing practices

ENERGY PAGE
PROSPECTS FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY
In spite of the challenges it currently faces, nuclear power has specific
characteristics that underpin the commitment of many countries to
maintain it as a future option. Nuclear plants can contribute to the
reliability of the power system. For countries that import energy, it can
reduce their dependence on foreign supplies and limit their exposure to
fuel price movements in international markets.
Nuclear power is one of the few options available at scale to reduce

carbon-dioxide emissions, while providing or displacing other forms of base
load generation. It has avoided the release of an estimated 58 giga tonnes
of CO2 since 1971, or almost two years of total global emissions at current
rates.
It is estimated that global nuclear power generation will increase by 60%

from 392 GW in 2013 to more than 620 GW by 2040 to meet a 37%
increase in power demand, according to the latest `World Energy Outlook‘
released by Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA).
Almost 200 of the 434 reactors which were operational at the end of 2013 will retire
and the respective countries would have to spend a mammoth $100 billion to
decommission the plants. A vast majority of them would be in the European Union,
the United States, Russia and Japan, the report said.
Considering the relatively

limited experience of countries
till date in dismantling and
decontaminating reactors and
restoring sites for other uses,
the projected cost could be a
conservative estimate.
Also, the cumulative total of spent nuclear fuel would also double to more than
7 lakh metric tonne over the projection period.
Unfortunately, even 60 years after the first reactor started functioning, no country
has opened a permanent disposal facility to isolate the most long lived and highly
radioactive waste produced by commercial reactors. All countries that have ever
produced radioactive waste should have an obligation to develop a solution for
permanent disposal of the waste and regulators and utilities should ensure
adequate funds are set aside to cover these future expenses, the report said.

ENERGY PAGE
New capacity additions are expected in four countries. China would account for
45% while India, Korea and Russia collectively would make up a further 30%.The
increase in China 132 GW would exceed the current installed capacity of the US and
Russia combined.
The number of countries operating nuclear reactors also will increase from 31 in
2013 to 36 in 2040. Uranium resources alone are more than sufficient to provide
fuel to satisfy these projections the report said.
Still, the share of nuclear power in the global power mix would remain well below
the historic peak of 18% reached in 1996. As of now, nuclear energy accounts for
only 11% of the total power generation in the world.
*****
Status of underground mining of coal in India
Once the mainstay of coal production in India; the contribution of under ground
(UG) mines in total production has declined to a mere 7 per cent in the four
decades after coal nationalisation. The need to step up production, the
administered pricing of fuel, coupled with the failure to bring in new underground
technologies, led Coal India Limited (CIL) to focus on the open cast mining.
Between 1975 and 2014, CIL‘s UG production came down from 70 million metric
tonne to 36 million metric tonne. Including Singareni Collieries (SCCL) and a couple
of captive producers, the total production is 40 million metric tonne (including
metallurgical coal used in the steel sector).
The share of UG mines in India is far below the global average. UG mines contribute
20 per cent of production (over 400 million metric tonne) in Australia, nearly 40 per
cent in the US (over 1,000 million metric tonne) and 86 per cent in China (over
3,500 million metric tonne). Considering Indian conditions, underground mines
should contribute 25 per cent of coal production here.
The prospects for UG mines are good in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Madhya
Pradesh, where the reserves are mostly under forest cover. These resources can be
extracted without disturbing the flora and fauna too much.
For a country that has 10 times higher population density than the US and
2.5 times of China, India have already stretched itself a bit too far, for 500 million
metric tonne open cast production.
Revenue earning opportunity should encourage CIL to take UG mining more

seriously.
Free market pricing of UG coal will help the country tap huge reserves of 800
million metric tonne of high calorific value (6000-7000 GCV) coal in Assam and
Meghalaya.

ENERGY PAGE
INSTALLED ROOFTOP SOLAR CAPACITY POTENTIAL IN INDIA

India‘s rooftop solar market potential is at a staggering 100,000 MW, but
puts installed capacity at just 285 MW, a minuscule number compared to the
potential.
The India focused report comes from the German-headquartered solar

consultancy, Bridge-to-India. The consultancy‘s Founder and Director,
Tobias Engelmeier, estimates that India will have 1,500 MW of rooftop solar
power by 2018, though many experts doubt this.
Solar rooftop units should be

positioned such that no shadow falls
on the panels, not just while being
erected, but also in the future.
Commercial and residential
establishments generally do not have
the space or prefer not to freeze the
space available for solar plants.
SunEdison and Azure Power won a

mandate in Gujarat to put up 2.5 MW
each of solar power plants on
rooftops in the city of Gandhinagar.
The companies had to lease
residential rooftops, put up solar
plants and sell the power to the state
utility. SunEdison found that people
were not willing to give up their
space for long number of years,
though they were willing to consider
signing for fewer years, say, five
years.
The story is different when it comes to industries. Factories have large, flat roofs
which are free for use, and there is practically no issue of shadows falling on them.
Factory owning companies are also amenable to long term contracts.
In states like Tamil Nadu, (which, incidentally, tops the list of rooftop installations
in the country, with 50 MW), industries are in pressing need for energy security too.
Chennai based Super Auto Forge, a Rs. 400 crore auto components manufacturer,
put up a 600 kW rooftop system a year ago.
*****

ENERGY PAGE
PROPOSED SOLAR PARK IN INDIA

The Union ministry of new and renewable energy (MNRE) has identified locations
for 12 of the 25 solar parks ,which the government plans to set up to increase solar
power generation in the country
A solar park is a concentrated zone where in the government will provide land and
basic infrastructure for setting up the plant as well as evacuation of power.
As part of its plan to increase

solar power generation in the
country to 100,000 mw by
2022, the government aims to
set up 25 solar parks with a
total capacity of around
20,000 mw in the next five
years.
Each park will house a plant

with a capacity ranging from
500 mw to 1,000 mw.
The locations are in Adhra

Pradesh, Telangana, Madhya
Pradesh,Karnataka, Rajasthan,
Odisha and Punjab.
Andhra Pradesh has proposed to have a 2,500 mw park, Telangana 1,000 mw,
Madhya Pradesh is keen to have two parks of 750 mw each, Karnataka a 750-mw
park, Rajasthan has identified land to set up projects as big as 4,000 to 5,000 mw
and Odisha and Punjab to have around 3,000 mw each.
India already has two solar parks, with one each in Gujarat and Rajasthan as
models for the parks to be constructed as part of the scheme. The new parks
would be based on a similar model.
The solar parks will be developed in collaboration with state governments. Solar
Energy Corporation of India will be the implementation agency on behalf of the
Centre.
Developers, on the otherhand, will have to enter into power purchase agreements
with distribution companies before setting up the plant.
At present, the country generates 3,000 mw through solar power plants.

ENVIRONMENTAL PAGE
PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON HFC
Montreal Protocol is a UN treaty signed in 1987 to ban ozone-depleting
substances like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochloroflurocarbons (HFCFs)
which were used in refrigerators and air conditioners.
HFCs were brought into replace the ozone-depleting substances but it was proved
later that the ozone friendly gas has a potent warming effect.
During the past six conferences, it was India which had led the Gulf States to
block the use of the Montreal Protocol to phase out HFCs.
The change in Indian stand comes in the wake of a joint Indo-US statement on
HFCs this year under which both the nations had agreed to discuss the harmful
greenhouse gas under the Montreal Protocol. The Gulf countries argued that
there were no alternatives to HFCs.
Marking a significant change in position, India maintained silence on the issue of

amending the Montreal Protocol to bring greenhouse gas hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
under it, at the 10th Joint Meeting of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the 26th
Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol.
Even as West Asian oil producing countries, led by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, expressed
reservations against the proposed amendment and asked for the deletion of this
agenda, India did not join the opposing voices.
Last year, India had led these nations in protesting such an amendment to UNs
Montreal Protocol, which is an international agreement on phasing out of ozone
depleting substances.
India and USA have entered into an agreement for cleaner energy under which the US
would give India $1 billion to finance renewable energy and research. This deal,
however, came bundled with a promise of dialogue on HFCs at the Montreal Protocol
talks.
This change in stance could have a huge effect on India's refrigeration and coolant
industry, which includes airconditioners, and is estimated at over Rs. 15,000 crore. If
HFCs were brought under the Montreal Protocol, compulsory transitions from the
current use of HFCs to the new, proprietary gases are likely to create a monopoly for
the patent holders.
As the debate is still on, a breakthrough on the issue of HFCs is highly unlikely as oil
producing gulf countries participating in a key UN conference here continued their
strong opposition to the U.S. led nations‘ proposal to amend the Montreal Protocol to
phase down the harmful greenhouse gas.They said that the issue should be discussed
under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

ENVIRONMENTAL PAGE
Sensing that evolving a consensus on setting up of a contact group is not easy, the U.S.
proposed to setting up of an informal group to discuss the mandate of the contact
group and not to discuss the amendment proposal.
China said that the Montreal Protocol has a role to play and everyone should work on
consensus.
*****
Norms for online effluents monitoring
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued guidelines for installation and
operation of real time effluent quality monitoring system by fertiliser plants and
16 other categories of industries considered as ―highly polluting.‖
Apart from these specified industries, the grossly polluting industries discharging
directly/indirectly into river Ganga or its tributraies, Common Effluent Treatment Plants
(CETPs) and Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), Common Biomedical Waste and
Common Hazardous Waste Incinerators have to install real time effluent quality
monitoring systems. According to the guidelines dated 7th November 2014, the
installation of the system has to be completed by 31st March 2015.
―Online analysers are a better tool to extend in time information on compliance of ETP
and CETP to the prescribed norms to regulator. The real time measurement for
important parameters will give detailed information continuously, which laboratory
instruments fail to give as random once in a month or quarter information is too less to
understand discharge compliance,‖ the notice said.
*****
e-waste recycling efforts in India
Karnataka government tied up with the Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology
(C-MET) and e-waste recycler e-Parisaraa to set up a 100-metric tonne per annum
integrated processing plant for recovering precious metals from electronic goods like
printed circuit boards.
According to a study by the electronic hardware industry apex body Manufacturers

Association of Information Technology (MAIT), around 500,000 metric tonne of e-waste
is generated across India every year, thanks to growing consumption and disposal of
electronic products and consumer durables.
Though an additional 100,000 metric tonne of e-waste enters the country through
illegal imports annually, only 40 percent of it gets recycled due to inadequate and poor
infrastructure which is mostly in the informal sector.
The Hyderabad based C-MET is an autonomous scientific society, formed by the central
government under the Department of Electronics and IT (DeitY), to assist states in
setting up e-waste processing units in the country.
*****

ENVIRONMENTAL PAGE
TARGET TO CUT CO2 EMISSIONS

The world must cut CO2 emissions to zero by 2070 at the latest to keep global warming
below dangerous levels and prevent a global catastrophe, the U.N. warns.
By 2100, all greenhouse gas emissions — including methane, nitrous oxide and ozone, as
well as CO2 — must fall to zero, the United Nationals Environment Programme (UNEP)
report says or the world will face what Inter governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
scientists have described as ―severe, widespread and irreversible‖ effects from climate
change.
The UNEP report published is based on the idea that the planet has a finite ‗carbon budget‘.
Since emissions surged in the late 19th century, some 1,900 Gigatonnes (Gt) of CO 2 and 1,000
Gt of other greenhouse gases have already been emitted, leaving less than 1,000 Gt of CO 2 left
to emit before locking the planet in to dangerous temperature rises of more than 2 degree C
above pre industrial levels.
All scenarios in the UNEP report now require some degree of ‗negative CO2 emissions‘ in the
second half of the century, through technologies such as carbon capture and storage or,
possibly, controversial, planetary wide engineering of the climate known as geo engineering.
UNEP is ―extremely interested‖ in the subject and is planning a report in the months
ahead.Consideration should also be given to compensatory schemes for investors in fossil fuels
companies to address the ‗stranded assets‘ issue.
The EU has not, however, supported UNEP‘s call for zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2100 .
*****
TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE EFFLUENTS IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

Scientists at Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI )have developed a technology in leather
processing that may put an end to the pollution caused by effluents discharged from tanneries.
The dry tanning technology uses a biodegradable compound instead of water.
Along with the compound, which was developed in the CLRI lab, a tanning agent (chromium
sulphate) is used. The process leaves no effluents as both the compound and the tanning
agent are absorbed by the leather. Scientists claim the new technology saves about 40 per
cent of the processing time, and the amount of tanning agent required is half of what is used in
the conventional process.
At present, tanneries in the country use about 15 million litres of water everyday (five to eight
litres for a kilo of skin) during the tanning process. Besides, up to 100g of chromium sulphate
per kg of skin is used along with water. This apart, a large amount of salt and acid are used in
pickling, a conditioning process prior to tanning. The salt, water, unutilized acid and tanning
agent are later discharged as effluents. For every kg of leather, roughly 40 litres of effluent is
produced. The tannery effluent, with its high level of salinity, has been a major pollutant of
groundwater. The new technology not only does away with the use of water, but also with the
pickling process.About 2,300 tonnes of skin are processed in tanneries in the country every
day and about 230 tonnes of salt is used during the conditioning process

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TENDER
S. QUANTITY IN TENDER NO.
NO NAME OF THE COMPANY PRODUCT NAME MT / KL &
DATE
1. Tamil Nadu Newsprint And Hydrogen peroxide 50% 2720 tonne 1415 13005321
Papers Ltd
Kagithapuram-639 136 Non ferric alum (Al2O3 16.5%) 250 tonne 1415 13005325
Karur District,Tamil Nadu
2 The Fertilisers and Chemicals
Travancore Ltd
Petrochemical Division Anhydrous ammonia 15000 MAT-RM-A-68 Dt.6.28.11.2014
Administrative Building tonne±5%
Udyogamandal, Kochi
Kerala Pin:683 501
DORB 2800 tonne
Rice polish 4250 tonne
Rape seed DOC 6050 tonne
Coconut DOC 3350 tonne
3 Karnataka Co operative Milk Cotton seed DOC 4900 tonne
Producers‘ Federation Ltd Soya DOC 250 tonne KMF/CFRM-233/2014-
KMF Complex,Dr.M.H.Marigowda Ground nut DOC 3750 tonne 15/IND1825 Dt.24.11.2014
Road,Bangalore-560 029 Cotton seed cake 3750 tonne
Ground nut cake 3750 tonne
Wheat bran 3750 tonne
Wheat bran flakes 3750 tonne
Iodised salt 170 tonne
Common salt 550 tonne
Calcite powder 780 tonne
Precipitated calcium carbonate 3000 tonne 1381-14/FMT/PCP (IND 385)
Direct green dye 300 kgs 1375-14/FMT/PDO (IND 384)
Wet ground calcium carbonate 50 tonne 1412-14/FMT/PCP (IND 386)
4 The Mysore Paper Mills Ltd Pigment dyes (Violet and blue) 60000 tonne 1442-14/FMT/PCZ (IND 391)
Materials Division,
Paper Town, Optical brighteniner agent 70 tonne 1448-14/FMT/PCZ (IND 392)
Bhadravati-577 302
Karnataka AKD sizing chemical 30000 tonne 1449-14/FMT/PCZ (IND 393)
Caustic soda lye 4395 tonne 1445-14/FMT/PCY (IND 394)

5 Southern Railway Polycarbonate black 61140459
Podanur-641 023 Slug copper 61140461
6 Steel Authorityof India Ltd Caustic soda lye pure grade IS Corrigendum to
Bokaro Steel Plant 252 BSL/PUR/OTE/P08/P145
Bokaro Steel City-827001
Jharkhand Resin based grouting material Corrigendum to
for blast furnace BSL/PUR/GT/14/0382
7 Karnataka Soaps & Detergents Palm fatty acid distillate 2000 tonne
Ltd
Sandal City, Palm kernel fatty acid distillate 750 tonne
P B No,5531, Bangalore-Pune
High way,Bangalore-560055 Acid slurry-96% (LABSA) 125 tonne
8 Indian Oil Low density ammonium nitrate 270 tonne ± BGE/LDAN/DOC/5/2015/01
IBP Division, (BG Explosives) (LDAN) 10%
9 Tamilnadu Newsprint And Papers Gypsum 2000 tonne 1415 33000431
Ltd
Kagithapuram-639 136
Karur Dist
10 Ministry of Defence Liquid nitrogen (Purity 500000 Cubic SSPL/15ATT059/14-15
Research & Development 99.999%) mtr
Organisation
Solidstate Physics Laboratory
Lucknow Road, Timarpur,
Delhi-110 054

PRICE DETAILS
LNG price in Asia
The Spot LNG prices have crashed in Asia late and is

expected to fall further notwithstanding the onset of winter,
which traditionally drives prices higher. The drop in LNG
prices is not just an outcome of drop in oil prices, but also a
strategic shift in the demand-supply balance and augurs well
for Indian consumers.
KOGAS in South Korea has been diverting some of its long term contractual obligations.
Similarly, utility buyers in Japan are well balanced now. The demand from Taiwan and China,
too, has been relatively slow. This has disturbed the supplydemand balance.
Recent spot LNG contracts were struck at prices as low as $10.5 per mmbtu, nearly 45% down
from year ago period and 25% down from those struck in October 2014. These contracts are for
delivery after two months; hence, contracts in November related to deliveries in January 2015.
There are indications the trend will continue well in future.
*****
NANDINI CONSULTANCY (S) PTE.LTD.,SINGAPORE
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Based in Singapore, a global trading hub and
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E-mail: swaminathan.v@nandinichemical.com

EX FACTORY PRICES IN CHINA
DURING THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 2014
Price
Product Producer (RMB
per
tonne)
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Shanghai Huayi Group 13300
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Jiangsu Juron 13200
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Formosa Ningbo 13000
ABS PetroChina Jilin Petrochem 13750
ABS Taita Chemical (Ningbo) 13400
ABS Zhenjiang Chimei 15100
ABS Shinho (Changzhou) 14600
Acetone (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Shanghai Petrochem 8300
Acetone (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 8350
Acrylic acid (Industrial grade A) Bluestar Shenyang Paraffin 10600
Acrylic acid (Industrial grade A) Shanghai Huayi Group 9600
Acrylonitrile (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Anqing Petrochem 14800
Acrylonitrile (Industrial grade A) PetroChina Jilin Petrochem 14750
Acrylonitrile (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Shanghai Petrochem 14800
Acrylonitrile (Industrial grade A) PetroChina Fushun Petrochem 14700
Aniline (Industrial grade A) Nanjing Chemical Industry 10700
Aniline (Industrial grade A) SP Chemicals Taixing Co 10100
Aniline (Industrial grade A) Jilin Connell Chem 9900
Aromatics, heavy Sinopec Zhenhai Refining 6500
Aromatics, heavy CNOOC Huizhou Refinery 7950
Aromatics, heavy Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 5500
Aromatics, heavy PetroChina Liaoyang Petrochem 8200
Butadiene (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 10300
Butadiene (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Guangzhou Petrochem 10800
Butadiene (Industrial grade A) PetroChina Liaoyang Petrochem 11050
Butadiene (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Shanghai Petrochem 10300
Butyl acetate (Industrial grade A) Shandong Jinyimeng Biochem 8600
Butyl acetate (Industrial grade A) Shanghai Orient Salt 8700
Butyl acetate (Industrial grade A) Guangdong Jiangmen Qianxin 9000
Butyl acetate (Industrial grade A) Guangzhou Solvent Plant 9000
Butyl acrylate (Industrial grade A) PetroChina Jilin Petrochem 13000
Butyl acrylate (Industrial grade A) Bluestar Shenyang Paraffin 10600
Butyl acrylate (Industrial grade A) Shanghai Huayi Group 10600
C5 Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 5900
C5 PetroChina Fushun Petrochem 6250
C5 Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 6200
C5 Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 6300
C5 Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 6200
C5 Panjin Ethylene Industry 5200
C5 Sinopec Tianjin Petrochem 6200
C9 Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 4850
C9 Sinopec Tianjin Petrochem 4750
C9 Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 4600
C9 Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 4850
C9 Sinopec Zhongyuan Ethylene 4600
C9 Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 4600
C9 CNGC Liaoning Huajin 4800
C9 BASF-YPC CO.Ltd 4600
Caprolactam (99%) Sinopec Baling Petrochem 16800
Caprolactam (99%) Sinopec Nanjing Dongfang 18260
Caustic soda, 32% diaphragm Jinxi Chemical 750
Caustic soda, 32% diaphragm Huanghua Chlor-Alkali Co 500
Caustic soda, 32% diaphragm Shandong Binzhou Chemical 510
Caustic soda, 32% diaphragm Shandong Haihua Group 500
Caustic soda, 32% diaphragm Tianjin Dagu Chemical 2100
Chlorine, liquid (99.6%) Guangzhou Hoton Chemical 700

EX FACTORY PRICES IN CHINA DURING THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 2014
Price
per
tonne)
Chlorine, liquid (99.6%) Inner Mongolia Wuhai 500
Chlorine, liquid (99.6%) Shandong Haihua Group 1000
Chlorine, liquid (99.6%) Tianjin Chemical 800
Chlorine, liquid (99.6%) Kaifeng Dongda 800
Chlorine, liquid (99.6%) Ningxia Yinglite 650
Chlorine, liquid (99.6%) Shanxi Yushe (96%, diaphragm) 600
Compound fertilizer (45%, Chlorine based) Shandong Shikefeng 1900
Compound fertilizer (45%, Chlorine based) Hubei Yangfeng 2250
Compound fertilizer (45%, Chlorine based) Hongri Acron 2050
Compound fertilizer (45%, Chlorine based) Jiangsu Zhongdong 1900
Compound fertilizer (45%, sulphur based) Hongri Acron 2350
Compound fertilizer (45%, sulphur based) Hubei Yangfeng 2250
Compound fertilizer (45%, sulphur based) Shenzhen Batian 3150
Compound fertilizer (45%, sulphur based) Zhejiang Juhua Group 11600
DAP (diammonium phosphate, 64%) Guizhou Kailin (67%) 2650
DAP (diammonium phosphate, 64%) Yunnan Red Phosphorus 2650
DAP (diammonium phosphate, 64%) Yunnan Yunfeng 2650
DAP (diammonium phosphate, 64%) Guanxi Luzhai Fertiliser 2650
DAP (diammonium phosphate, 64%) Guizhou Wengfu Group 2650
Di-ethylene glycol (Industrial grade) Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 9300
Di-ethylene glycol (Industrial grade) Tianjin United Petrochemical 9250
Di-ethylene glycol (Industrial grade) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 9150
DMF (di methyl formamide) Zhangqin Riyue Chemical 4800
DMF (di methyl formamide) Hualu Hengsheng Group 4800
DMF (di methyl formamide) Zhejiang Jiangshan Chemical Co 5100
DMF (di methyl formamide) Anyang Jiutian Fine Chem 4800
DOP (Dioctyl phthalate) (Industrial grade) Qilu Plasticizers Co 10500
DOP (Dioctyl phthalate) (Industrial grade) Shijiazhuang Bailong 10600
DOP (Dioctyl phthalate) (Industrial grade) Shandong Bohuai Chemical 14000
DOP (Dioctyl phthalate) (Industrial grade) UPC Group Zhenjiang 10700
DOP (Dioctyl phthalate) (Industrial grade) Dongguan Shenghe Chem 10900
Epichlorohydrin (Industrial grade A) Shandong Bohui Chemical 14000
Epichlorohydrin (Industrial grade A) Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical Group 13000
EPS (expandable polystyrene, flame retardant grade) Jiangyin Hupao Textile 12800
EPS (expandable polystyrene, flame retardant grade) Taita Chemical (Zhongshan) 13000
EPS (expandable polystyrene, flame retardant grade) Wuxi Xingda Group 12700
EPS (expandable polystyrene, flame retardant grade) Suzhou Changle 17000
EPS (expandable polystyrene, flame retardant grade) Jiangsu Litian 12600
Ethyl acetate (Industrial grade A) Jiangsu Sopo 6850
Ethyl acetate (Industrial grade A) Yankuang Cathay Coal Chem 6500
Ethyl acetate (Industrial grade A) Guangdong Jiangmen Qianxin 7100
Ethyl acetate (Industrial grade A) Guangzhou Solvent Plant 6900
Ethylene oxide (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Beijing Eastern Petrochemical 11000
Ethylene oxide (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 10800
Ethylene oxide (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 10900
Ethylene oxide (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 11000
Ethylene oxide (Industrial grade A) Sinopec Tianjin Petrochem 10950
Ethylene oxide (Industrial grade A) PetroChina Jilin Petrochem 10900
Ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) BASF-YPC CO.Ltd 13800
Glacial acetic acid (98%) Shanghai Wujing Chemical 3600
Glacial acetic acid (98%) Yankuang Cathay Coal 3400
HDPE, Drawing PetroChina 12100
HDPE, Drawing Sinopec 12100
HDPE, film PetroChina 12000
HDPE, film PetroChina 11950
HDPE, film Sinopec 12200
Hydrochloric acid (31%) Shandong Haihua Group 220
Hydrochloric acid (31%) Tianjin Chemical 160
Hydrochloric acid (31%) Kaifeng Dongda 200

Price
per
tonne)
Hydrochloric acid (31%) Shanxi Yushe (96%, diaphragm) 240
Iso butene Binzhou Yuhua Group 13500
Iso butyl alcohol (Industrial grade) Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 8100
Iso propyl alcohol PetroChina Jinzhou Petrochem 9600
Iso propyl alcohol Dongying Hi tech Spring Chemical 9900
LDPE, Film PetroChina 12400
LDPE, Film Sinopec 12500
LLDPE, Film PetroChina 11850
LLDPE, Film Sinopec 11900
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) Guangzhou Wechem 7600
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) Shandong Dongming Wusheng 6030
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 6250
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 5910
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) North China Oilfields 6120
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 5910
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) Fujian Refining & Petrochem 5930
Lube oil, base Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 8420
Lube oil, base PetroChina Dalian Petrochem 8750
Lube oil, base Sinopec Shanghai Gaoqiao 9100
MAP (mono ammonia phosphate, 56% powder) Hubei Yihua Chemical 2100
MAP (mono ammonia phosphate, 56% powder) Guizhou Kailin (67%) 2100
MAP (mono ammonia phosphate, 56% powder) Chongqing Win Win Group 2050
MDI, Pure Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co 23400
Methyl acrylate Bluestar Shenyang Paraffin 12000
Methyl acrylate Kaitai Industry Co 12100
Methyl ethyl ketone (industrial grade) Zhongjie Petrochemical 10650
Methyl ethyl ketone (industrial grade) PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochem 10300
Methyl ethyl ketone (industrial grade) PetroChina Fushun Petrochem 10300
Mono ethylene glycol (Terylon grade) Sinopec Beijing Eastern Petrochemical 7100
Mono ethylene glycol (Terylon grade) PetroChina Jilin Petrochem 6520
Mono ethylene glycol (Terylon grade) Sinopec Beijing Eastern Petrochemical 7000
Mono ethylene glycol (Terylon grade) Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 7100
Mono ethylene glycol (Terylon grade) PetroChina Jilin Petrochem 6520
Mono ethylene glycol (Terylon grade) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 7000
n-Butyl alcohol (grade A) PetroChina Daqing Petrochem 8300
n-Butyl alcohol (grade A) Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 8500
Octyl alcohol (industrial grade A) PetroChina Daqing Petrochem 9350
Octyl alcohol (industrial grade A) Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 9400
o-xylene (petroleum) Sinopec Zhenhai Refining 8450
o-xylene (petroleum) Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 8450
o-xylene (petroleum) PetroChina Jilin Petrochem 8150
o-xylene (petroleum) PetroChina Liaoyang Petrochem 8200
o-xylene (petroleum) Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 8350
Paraffin (56#) Sinopec Shanghai Gaoqiao 8830
Paraffin (56#) Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 8880
Paraffin (56#) Nanyang Paraffin Company 8450
Paraffin (56#) PetroChina Fushun Petrochem 8090
Paraffin (56#) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 8300
PET Chip (semi de lustering) Jiangsu Sanfangxiang Group 9600
PET Chip (semi de lustering) Sinopec Yizheng Chemical 11000
PET Chip (bottle grade) Oriental Petrochemical (Shanghai) 9800
PET Chip (bottle grade) Xiamen Taron Petrochemical 9700
PET Chip (bottle grade) Sinopec Yizheng Chemical 9750
PET Chip (bottle grade) Zhuhai Yuhua 9500
Petroleum coke (2#B) Shandong Lijin Petrochem 1170
Petroleum coke (2#B) Sinopec Wuhan Petrochem 1170
Phenol (industrial grade A) Sinopec Shanghai Petrochem 11900
Phenol (industrial grade A) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 11700
Phenol (industrial grade A) PetroChina Jilin Petrochem 11140

Price
per
tonne)
Phenol (industrial grade A) Bluestar Harbin Petrochem 12300
Phosphorus ore Guizhou Xinxin Group 580
Phosphorus ore Mabian Shunan Phosphorous 340
Phosphorus ore Yunnan Phosphorus Chemical 450
Phosphorus ore Hebei Fanshan Mine (34%) 800
Phosphorus, yellow Phosphate Ind of Wengfu Group 14650
Phosphorus, yellow Guizhou Kailin 14600
Phosphorus, yellow Qianneng Tianhe Phosphorus 14500
Phosphorus, yellow Sichuan Chuantou (CTEC) 14350
Phosphorus, yellow Mabian Shunan Phosphorous 14200
Phthalic anhydride (industrial grade) Shandong Hongxin Chemical 8400
Phthalic anhydride (industrial grade) Shijiazhuang Bailong 8450
Polyester staple Sinopec Yizheng Chemical 10000
Polyester staple Sinopec Luoyang Petrochem 10100
Polyester staple Sinopec Tianjin Petrochem 10000
Polyether flexible foam Tianjin Dagu Chemical 15000
Polyether flexible foam Fujian Meizhouwan Chlor Alkali 14700
Polyether flexible foam Sinopec Shanghai Gaoqiao 14600
Polypropylene, drawing PetroChina 11500
Polypropylene, drawing Sinpec 11300
Polypropylene, injection PetroChina 11850
Polypropylene, injection Sinopec 11300
Polypropylene, copolymer PetroChina 11350
Polypropylene, copolymer Sinopec 11250
Polystyrene, (GPPS) Sinopec Guangzhou Petrochem 11650
Polystyrene, (GPPS) Shanghai Secco Petrochem 12000
Polystyrene, (GPPS) Zhanjiang Xinzhongmei 12000
Polystyrene, (HIPS) Zhenjiang Chimei 12300
Polystyrene, (HIPS) Shanghai Secco Petrochem 12500
Polystyrene, (HIPS) Zhanjiang Xinzhongmei 12500
Polystyrene, (HIPS) BASF-YPC CO.Ltd 13000
Polystyrene, (HIPS) Zhenjiang Chimei 13200
Polyvinyl alcohol (1799) Shanxi Samwei Group 14600
Polyvinyl alcohol (1799) Anhui Wanwei Group 14300
Polyvinyl alcohol (1799) Sinopec Sichuan Vinylon 12100
Propylene (industrial grade A) PetroChina Jinzhou Petrochem 10000
Propylene (industrial grade A) Sinopec Tianjin Petrochem 10150
Propylene (industrial grade A) Xianyang Auxiliary Factory 9950
Propylene (industrial grade A) Zhongyuan Oilfield 10350
Propylene (industrial grade A) Shandong Huifeng Petroleum & Chem 10400
Propylene oxide (industrial grade A) Shandong Binzhou Chemical 14800
Propylene oxide (industrial grade A) Tianjin Dagu Chemical 14700
Propylene oxide (industrial grade A) Jinhua Chemical Group 14800
PTA (Pure terephthalic acid, industrial grade A) Hualian Sunshine 7400
PTA (Pure terephthalic acid, industrial grade A) Xiamen Xianglu Chemical Fiber Co 7400
PTA (Pure terephthalic acid, industrial grade A) Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 7300
Pure benzene (petroleum) Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 8500
Pure benzene (petroleum) Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 8500
Pure benzene (petroleum) Sinopec Maoming Petrochem 8500
Pure benzene (petroleum) Sinopec Shanghai Petrochem 8500
Pure benzene (petroleum) Sinopec Tianjin Petrochem 8500
Pure benzene (petroleum) PetroChina Urumqui Petrochem 8600
PVC (calcium carbide based) Yibin Tianyuan Group 6200
PVC (calcium carbide based) Hunan Zhuhou Chemical 6250
PVC (ethylene based) Shanghai Chlor Alkali 7400
PVC (ethylene based) Tianjin Dagu Chemical 6650
PVC (ethylene based) Tianjin LG (ethylene based) 6950
p-xylene (petroleum) Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 6950
p-xylene (petroleum) Sinopec Zhenhai Refining 9400

Price
per
tonne)
Salt, crude (industrial grade A) Shandong Weifang Salt Works 230
Salt, crude (industrial grade A) Nanpu Salt works 330
Salt, crude (industrial grade A) Hunan Salt Work 330
Salt, crude (industrial grade A) Dalian Jinzhou Salt Works 350
Salt, crude (industrial grade A) Qinghai Salt Works 200
SBS (dry) Sinopec Baling Petrochem 13500
SBS (dry) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 12900
Soda ash, dense Shandong Haihua Group 1500
Soda ash, dense Guangdong Nanfang Soda Ash 1530
Soda ash, dense Tianjin Soda Ash Works 1400
Soda ash, dense Dalian Dahua Group 1380
Soda ash, dense Qinghai Soda Industry 1100
Solvent oil (200#) Yangzhou Petrochemical 8410
Styrene monomer (industrial grade A) Panjin Ethylene Industry 11210
Styrene monomer (industrial grade A) Sinopec Guangzhou Petrochem 11250
Styrene monomer (industrial grade A) PetroChina Jinxi Petrochem 11100
Styrene monomer (industrial grade A) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 11050
Styrene monomer (industrial grade A) Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 11050
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Sinopec Jinling Petrochem 1140
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Sinopec Tianjin Petrochem 1280
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Hainan Refinery 1500
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Sinopec Wuhan Petrochem 1190
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Sinopec Guangzhou Petrochem 1240
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Sinopec Yangzi Petrochem 1190
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 1130
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 1300
Sulphur (industrial grade A) WEPEC 1150
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Shanghai Jinshan Petrochem 1300
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Sinopec Qingdao Refinery 1300
Sulphur (industrial grade A) Fujian Refining & Petrochem 1300
Sulphuric acid (industrial grade A) Guangdong Shanguan Metallurgy Works 150
Sulphuric acid (industrial grade A) Hunan Zhuhou Chemical 220
Sulphuric acid (industrial grade A) Jinxi Zinc Plant 260
Sulphuric acid (industrial grade A) Jiangxi Copper Corp 220
TDI Gansu Yinguang Chemical 18000
TDI Cangzhou Dahua Co 18000
TDI Yantai Juli Isocyanic Ester 18000
Toluene (petroleum) Sinopec Guangzhou Petrochem 7950
Toluene (petroleum) Sinopec Qilu Petrochem 7900
Toluene (petroleum) Sinopec Shanghai Petrochem 7750
Toluene (petroleum) Sinopec Beijing Yanhua 7900
Urea Cangzhou Dahua Co 1560
Urea Shanxi Lanhua Sci-Tech 1530
Urea Liaoning Huajin Group 1550
Urea Shandong Luxi Chemical 1590
Urea Fujian Sanming Chemical 1750
Urea Sichuan Meifeng Chemical 1680
Urea Linzhou Chemical Group 1650
Urea Hainan Fudao 1650
Vinyl acetate(99.5%) Sinopec Southern China 8100
Vinyl acetate(99.5%) Sinopec Shanghai Petrochem 8000
Vinyl acetate(99.5%) Sinopec Sichuan Vinylon 8100
Xylene, mixed (petroleum) Panjin Ethylene Industry 7860
Xylene, mixed (petroleum) Sinopec Guangzhou Petrochem 8100
Xylene, mixed (petroleum) BASF-YPC CO.Ltd 7750
Xylene, mixed (petroleum) Shijiazhuang Refinery 8000
Xylene, mixed (petroleum) Sinopec Wuhan Petrochem 7850

CHEMICALS IMPORTED AT THE CHENNAI PORT
DURING THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2014
NAME OF THE CHEMICAL QTY UNIT VALUE IN COUNTRY

RS.
CATEGORY: ORGANIC CHEMICALS
1 - octanol 680 Kgs 343539 Germany

1-(hydroxymethyl] cyclopropane acetonitrile 1000 Kgs 6495563 China
1,1-cyclohexane diacetic acid monoamide 30000 Kgs 17337054 China
1,1-cyclohexanediacetic acid mono amide 30000 Kgs 16819530 China
1,1-dimethyl benzyl carbinol 3420 Kgs 1580297 China
1,2-benzoisothiazolin-3-one 7000 Kgs 3329404 China
1,2-dimethoxy ethane 14400 Kgs 2735915 China
1,2-dimethoxy ethane 1620 Kgs 307790.5 China
1,2-dimethoxy ethane 11340 Kgs 2154533 China
1-bromo-3-chloro propane 20000 Kgs 3764250 France
1-chloro-6,6-dimethyl-2-hepten-4-yne 800 Kgs 4068325 China
2,2,2-trifluoro ethanol 5000 Kgs 1971520 China
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide 5000 Kgs 1732150 China
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide 5000 Kgs 1732150 China
2,3-dichloro benzoyl chloride 10000 Kgs 2248765 China
2,3-dichloro-5,6 -dicyano benzoquinone 442 Kgs 1850920 China
2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane 8000 Kgs 4490460 China
2-cyano acetamide 1000 Kgs 335158.4 China
2-cyano-4-bromomethylbiphenyl 400 Kgs 320372 China
2-cyano-4-bromomethylbiphenyl 400 Kgs 320372 China
2-mercapto benzothiazole 17000 Kgs 3330637 China
2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol 9000 Kgs 4634046 China
2-n-propyl-4-methyl-6(1-methylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzimidazole 424.7 Kgs 1745257 China
2-piperidineethanol (cas no 1484-84-0) 800 Kgs 2267248 China
3,4-dihydroxy 5 nitrobenzaldehyde 700 Kgs 2371985 China
3,5,5-trimethyl hexanol (nonanol) 13600 Kgs 2379625 Japan
3-isobutyl glutaric acid 3000 Kgs 2957280 China
3-methoxy-1- propanol 99 pct min [ 5130 Kgs 2284904 China
4 bromomethyl-2-cyano biphenyl (br-otbn) 2000 Kgs 1435210 China
4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone 70% 15000 Kgs 1940715 China
4-bromo methyl-2-cyano biphenyl 5000 Kgs 3860252 China
4-bromo methyl-2-cyano biphenyl 5000 Kgs 3860252 China
4-bromomethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-2-one 1000 Kgs 1268181 China
4-chloro 2 trifluoroacetylaniline hcl (e-2) 15180 Kgs 28402160 China
5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine (dfp) 99 pct min 5000 Kgs 7855275 China
6-apa (6-amino penicillanic acid) 9200 Kgs 14563110 China
7-amino cephalosporanic acid (7-aca) 10000 Kgs 39282688 Germany
7-amino cephalosporanic acid (7-aca) ( 10000 Kgs 38814300 Germany
7-hydroxy -3,4 dihydro -2(h)-quinol inone 405 Kgs 1683689 China
8 hydroxy quinoline 10000 Kgs 6900320 China
8 hydroxy quinoline 99% min 12000 Kgs 9168023 China
Amino acid powder fertilizer (organic fertilizer) 15000 Kgs 663528.2 China
Benzyl chloroformate 12600 Kgs 4525747 USA
Butyl acrylate 59720 Kgs 6427823 Malaysia
Calcium carboxymethyl cellulose(usp,bp,ep,kp) 7200 Kgs 5482286 Korea

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Calcium carboxymethyl cellulose(usp,bp,ep,kp) 500 Kgs 380714.3 Korea

Calcium carboxymethyl cellulose(usp,bp,ep,kp) 500 Kgs 380714.3 Korea
Calcium chloride desiccant 360 Pcs 198153.8 China
Calcium cmc (chemicals) 100 Kgs 129911.3 Japan
Calcium gluconate - granular / lumps 24 Mts 2898134 China
Calcium gluconate - granular / lumps 24 Mts 2898134 China
Calcium hydroxide composition 27000 Kgs 350760.4 China
Calcium ligno sulphonate 24000 Kgs 813252 South africa
Calcium metacilicate for foundry mould 1995.84 Kgs 188689.7 USA
Chloro sulphonyl isocyanate 6000 Kgs 2126833 China
Chloro sulphonyl isocyanate 6000 Kgs 2126833 China
Cosmonate t-80 (tolylene di isocyanate)- 20 Mts 2894512 Japan
Csa binder(calcium sulfo aluminate cement) 18 Mts 432047.7 China
Cyclopropyl acetylene 2940 Kgs 9781204 China
Cysteamine hcl 20000 Kgs 4146238 China
Cytidine-5'-monophosphate 4000 Kgs 1.9E+07 China
Cytosine 5000 Kgs 5876938 China
Calcium meta silicate 50 Kgs 16544.43 Japan
Calcium meta silicate 6000 Kgs 1559415 Japan
Di isocyanate 18000 Kgs 2639372 China
Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate 15750 Kgs 2277429 China
Di isopropyl ether 11200 Kgs 1497369 China
Dicyanodiamide (dicyandiamide) 20000 Kgs 1996164 China
Diethanolamine pure 860 Kgs 77782.3 Germany
Diethyl acetamidomalonate 1500 Kgs 1252716 China
Dimethyl formamide 16000 Kgs 922187 Saudi arabia
Dimethyl formamide 99.9 pct minimum 5130 Kgs 303497.2 China
Dimethyl formamide,adc list no:572 7000 Kgs 419788.3 Saudi arabia
Dimethyl phosphite liquid (dimethyl phosphite (dmp) 98% min) 19200 Kgs 2803501 China
Dimethyl sulfoxide 99.90 percent 2.1 Mts 182796.3 China
Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate 12000 Kgs 1347138 China
Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate) 24000 Kgs 2694276 China
Dl-methionine 99 percent feed grade 20000 Kgs 4312700 Japan
Epp beads black (expanded polypropylene beads) 1776 Kgs 579922.6 Korea
Ethylene glycol - 1097.5 Kgs 149493.9 Japan
Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (eva 1316) 32 Mts 3647312 Korea
Eugenol rectified (2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol) 1600 Kgs 1977011 Indonesia
Ethylene vinyl acetate 100 Kgs 23589.97 Korea
Formic acid 85% , 20160 Kgs 844599.2 Germany
Formic acid 85% , 20160 Kgs 844599.2 Germany
Formic acid 85% 20400 Kgs 804380.2 Germany
Glacial acrylic acid 13872 Kgs 1454906 USA
Granulated magnesium 66 Mts 11062220 China
Hydrophilic pyrogenic silica 2400 Kgs 815767 Germany

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Hexamethyl disilane (hmd) 3640 Kgs 3580354 China

Hexamethyl disilane (hmd) 3640 Kgs 3565740 China
Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate - 24000 Kgs 749622 Argentina
Hydrobromic acid 3600 Kgs 229001 Jordan
Hydrophilic pyrogenic silica graco:fa1193 (amorphous) 300 Kgs 92112 China
Hydrophilic pyrogenic silica graco:fa1193 (amorphous) 300 Kgs 92112 China
Hydroxy ethyl cellulose / hec-d100000 3000 Kgs 988840.5 China
Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose e15 usp36 10500 Kgs 4481938 China
Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose k 100m usp36 8886.83 Kgs 3848331 China
Hydroxylammonium sulphate 20000 Kgs 2428040 Germany
Polymethylolcarbamide 10401 Kgs 630563.2 China
Polymethylolcarbamide 9599 Kgs 581941.8 China
Isocyanate ia- 1840 Kgs 385528.5 Korea
Isoeugenol s 915 (aromatic chemical) 200 Kgs 357377 Indonesia
Isoeugenol tech (2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol) 1000 Kgs 1611014 Indonesia
Isopropyl isocyanate 200 Kgs 423998 China
Lactose monohydrate /pharmatose 200m/ usp. Nf.ph.eur.jp 16000 Kgs 2473207 Netherlands
Lactose monohydrate n.f 9785 Kgs 620939.5 Canada
Lactose monohydrate n.f 9785 Kgs 620939.5 Canada
Lauric acid 48 Mts 4133443 Indonesia
Lauric acid 48 Mts 4133443 Indonesia
Lexan polycarbonate lenses ls1 natural 111h 10000 Kgs 1540250 Netherlands
Lexan polycarbonate lenses ls1 natural 111h 10000 Kgs 1540250 Netherlands
Lexan polycarbonate lenses ls2 natural 111h 21000 Kgs 3247781 Spain
Lexan polycarbonates pk2870 111 10952 Kgs 1680958 USA
Locron l liq (aluminium hydroxy chloride) 5040 Kgs 487938 Germany
L-pyroglutamic acid 1200 Kgs 539703.6 China
Methacrylic acid 20000 Kgs 3105498 China
Methacrylic acid) 720 Kgs 271478.3 China
Methane sulfonyl chloride (msc) 6000 Kgs 808537.3 China
Methane sulphonic acid 10000 Kgs 1669278 China
Methane sulphonic acid 3500 Kgs 584247.1 China
Methanol 1760 Kgs 109766.8 Korea
Methyl aceto acetate 20000 Kgs 2397791 Switzerland
Methyl dihydro jasmonate 3200 Kgs 1543458 China
Methyl dihydro jasmonate 3200 Kgs 1543458 China
Methylene chloride 15638 Kgs 696532 China
Methylene chloride 19578 Kgs 872023.7 China
Methylene chloride 7984 Kgs 355615.3 China
Methylhydrazine 98% [organic chemical] 3 Kgs 96600.28 Germany
Microcrystalline cellulose usp/nf(vivapur 102) 500 Kgs 110205 Germany
Modified polyisocyanate solution coronate ls 19200 Kgs 3028788 Japan
Monoethanolamine pure 1680 Kgs 161124.7 Germany
Monosodium glutamate 44 Mts 3353309 China
Monosodium glutamate 10000 Kgs 1033104 China
N-(2-amino-4,6-dichloro-5-pyrimidinyl) formamide;(fadcp) 6150 Kgs 19973855 China
N,n diethyl 2 cyano acetamide 1100 Kgs 1213101 China
N,n-carbonyl diimidazole 500 Kgs 654606.3 China
N,n-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide [ 600 Kgs 264049.4 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
N,n-dimethyl acetamide [ dimethyl acetamide] 30400 Kgs 2350545 China

N,n-dimethyl acetamide-[adc list s.no:1068] 30.4 Mts 2350545 China
N,o-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (bsa) 4600 Kgs 2504194 China
N,o-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (bsa) 4600 Kgs 2493973 China
N-butyl chloride 16700 Kgs 2057774 Germany
N-butyl chloride 16700 Kgs 2057774 Germany
Nitromethane 36000 Kgs 5135305 China
N-methyl piperazine 7200 Kgs 2661552 China
N-methyl pyrrolidine (nmp) 1500 Kgs 1506365 China
N-methyl pyrrolidone 16800 Kgs 2942233 China
Nonyl phenol 15.2 Mts 1732473 Taiwan
N-ethyl-n-(3-methylphenyl)propionamide 5 Kgs 9783.55 Switzerland
Ortho-cyanophenol 96% min 14000 Kgs 10177972 China
Para amino phenol (pap) 72 Mts 14593995 China
Para amino phenol (pap) 72 Mts 14593995 China
Polycarbonate 15 Kgs 23945.38 Korea
Polycarbonate 15 Kgs 23553.67 Korea
Polycarbonates 125 Kgs 42568.36 Korea
Polycarbonates 150 Kgs 51063.62 Korea
Pentaerythritol, mono grade - pmsc1 20000 Kgs 2084766 Saudi arabia
Pharmatose 200m lactose monohydrate usp/nf 20000 Kgs 3172865 Netherlands
Pharmatose 350m ,lactose monohydrate 20000 Kgs 2931273 Netherlands
Polyacrylamide nuoerfloc a-7952 17500 Kgs 1994624 China
Polybor disodium octaborate tetrahydrate 16.329 Mts 1313199 USA
Polycarbonate 2 Mts 437986.5 Thailand
Polycarbonate film 907 Kgs 311659.7 Israel
Polycarbonate makrolon 9000 Kgs 2217960 Thailand
Polycarbonate sheet 3349 Kgs 662980.5 Korea
Polycarbonate sheet 712.8 Kgs 141105.3 Korea
Polycarbonate sheet 550 Kgs 1464786 Japan
Polycarbonates 11000 Kgs 2060445 Netherlands
Polycarbonates 16000 Kgs 3662098 Korea
Polyethylene copolymers grade 24750 Kgs 2679420 Singapore
Polyformaldehyde - acetal co-polymer 22000 Kgs 1811152 China
Polyformaldehyde - acetal co-polymer 22000 Kgs 1811152 China
Polyglykol 8000 pf 2000 Kgs 1448128 Germany
Polyisocyanate aknate 17600 Kgs 2710840 Korea
Polyisocyanate aknate 17600 Kgs 2710840 Korea
Polymethane polyphenyl isocyanate 60 Mts 6642790 China
Polymethane polyphenyl isocyanate 40 Mts 4428527 China
Polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate 20 Mts 2501366 Japan
Polyvinyl chloride film 4500 Kgs 869163.1 Korea
Polyvinyl chloride film 4500 Kgs 869163.1 Korea
Polyvinyl chloride rigid film 678 Kgs 56391.63 China
Polyvinyl chloride rigid film 10860 Kgs 802901.5 China
Polyvinyl chloride rigid film 8276 Kgs 586367 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Polyacetal copolymer 3000 Kgs 552425 Korea

Potassium caprylate 400 Kgs 214403 Malaysia
Potassium humate 25000 Kgs 781980.7 China
Potassium humate 20 Mts 650607.9 China
Potassium humate 95% fertilizer 15000 Kgs 990619 China
Potassium humate 95% fertilizer 15000 Kgs 990619.5 China
Potassium humate organic manure 5.2 Mts 259231 China
Potassium titanate 4000 Kgs 2523727 Japan
Potassium titanate 8000 Kgs 4978088 Japan
Potassium titanate 344 100 Kgs 113122.4 Japan
Potassium titanate 574 30 Kgs 17197.04 Japan
Potassium titanate fibre 4000 Kgs 2499245 Japan
Potassium titanate fibre 4000 Kgs 2499245 Japan
Propionic acid (ol) 20000 Kgs 1509445 Sweden
Propionic acid pure 20000 Kgs 1519303 Germany
Propionic acid pure 20000 Kgs 1519303 Germany
Propylene glycol usp/ep- 17200 Kgs 1934025 Thailand
Prepolymerised diphenylmethane diisocyanate) 17625 Kgs 1835131 Netherlands
S(+)-2- amino butyramide hcl 13000 Kgs 17290569 China
S(+)-2-amino butyramide hcl 5000 Kgs 7224999 China
(S)+2-aminobutyramide- hcl 8000 Kgs 13238539 China
(S)-2-amino butyramide hcl 7000 Kgs 9772861 China
Secondary butanol(sec-butanol) 19040 Kgs 1812369 Brazil
Sodium acid pyrophosphate 20 Mts 1626710 Thailand
Sodium acid pyrophosphate 20 Mts 1585399 Thailand
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (food grade) 1 Mts 86254 Thailand
Sodium alginate 18000 Kgs 6903855 China
Sodium azide 11000 Kgs 4269573 China
Sodium borohydride 1000 Kgs 1251617 China
Sodium borohydride 2000 Kgs 2513587 China
Sodium borohydride 6000 Kgs 7356840 USA
Sodium borohydride 8000 Kgs 1E+07 USA
Sodium borohydride granules (sb200(tm), 400 Kgs 546309 USA
Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose / cmc 6000 3000 Kgs 591456 China
Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose / cmc 9000 3000 Kgs 545248.5 China
Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose intermediate 76000 Kgs 8170718 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED

Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose intermediate 80000 Kgs 1.1E+07 China
Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose -intermediate 88000 Kgs 12605406 China
Sodium citrate 2500 Kgs 249109.8 Spain
Sodium citrate 500 Kgs 90496.2 Spain
Sodium citrate. 1000 Kgs 121458.2 Spain
Sodium diacetate 15000 Kgs 896425.5 China
Sodium erythorbate 5000 Kgs 1374307 China
Sodium formate 45000 Kgs 887184 China
Sodium formate 20000 Kgs 425109 Spain
Sodium gluconate 26000 Kgs 1185652 China
Sodium gluconate technical grade 25 Mts 1146003 China
Sodium hexa meta phosphate 500 Kgs 192283.3 France
Sodium ligno sulphonate 24000 Kgs 672781.2 Sweden
Sodium ligno sulphonate 26 Mts 664875.7 China
Sodium lignosulphonate 24.12 Mts 292456 South africa
Sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde 28000 Kgs 1414495 China
Sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde 28000 Kgs 1400765 China
Sodium salt of poly-naphthalene sulfonic acid 19500 Kgs 983149.8 China
Sodium salt of poly-naphthalene sulfonic acid 19500 Kgs 979136.9 China
Sodium silicate powder 18 Mts 723339.1 China
Sodium thiocyanate 10 Mts 1176751 China
Sulfamide 2000 Kgs 1725684 China
Sulfamide 3000 Kgs 2643994 China
Sulfur hexafluoride (sf6 gas) purity 99.995 % in cylinder 10000 Kgs 4504209 China
Sulphonated methyl esters (palmfonate 6718) 126 Mts 8213106 Malaysia
Tertiary butyl acetate 3300 Kgs 542640.8 China
Tertiary butyl acetate 6780 Kgs 1114880 China
Tertiary butyl alcohol (tba) 12400 Kgs 1566126 Japan
Tetrahydrofuran 14400 Kgs 2439756 Japan
Tetrahydrofuran (thf) 14400 Kgs 2556653 Germany
Tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate 75%(leather chemical) 1000 Kgs 126608.6 China
Texanol (tm) ester alcohol 16000 Kgs 2168672 Singapore
Tgic (triglycidyl isocyanurate) 2500 Kgs 816333 China
Thiophene-2-ethanol 3500 Kgs 3946121 China
Thiophenol 5000 Kgs 1678873 China
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate 1245 Kgs 176420.2 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate 18755 Kgs 2657640 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate 20000 Kgs 2845675 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate t-80 20 Mts 2814744 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate t-80 10400.5 Kgs 1473782 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate t-80 9599.5 Kgs 1360278 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate t-80 20 Mts 2814744 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate t-80 1245 Kgs 176420.2 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate t-80 18755 Kgs 2657640 Japan
Toluene di isocyanate cosmonate t-80 20000 Kgs 2868905 Japan
Toluene diisocyanate cosmonate t-80 20000 Kgs 2834060 Japan
Tolene di isocyanate 1250 Kgs 183164 Germany
Toluene di isocyanate tdi 80/20) 20000 Kgs 2834060 China
Toluene di isocyanate tdi 80/20) 20000 Kgs 2834060 China
Tpgda-tripropylene glycol diacrylate-uv resins 9600 Kgs 1697479 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Trichloroisocyanuric acid 90% 7 Mts 694344.7 China

Trichloroisocyanuric acid 90% 13 Mts 1233432 China
Vanillin (organic chemicals) 1350 Kgs 980197 China
Xenoy polycarbonates 199.58 Kgs 47439.7 USA
CATEGORY: INORGANIC CHEMICALS

Activated carbon 4005 Kgs 978093.1 France
Activated carbon 2025 Kgs 514994 France
Activated carbon 1505 Kgs 370892.2 France
Activated carbon 20000 Kgs 2381126 China
Activated carbon 10 Kgs 1799.01 China
Activated carbon 10 Kgs 1799.01 China
Activated carbon 6000 Kgs 1737737 USA
Activated colloidal calcium carbonate - n-sp 16000 Kgs 552025.6 Malaysia
Barium nitrate 50000 Kgs 1957320 China
Barium sulphate 7000 Kgs 257913.6 China
calcined alumina 60000 Kgs 2772450 Japan
Calcined alumina 4000 Kgs 381982 Germany
Calcined alumina 4082.5 Kgs 1438711 Germany
Calcined alumina 816.5 Kgs 534234.5 Germany
Calcined alumina 1500 Kgs 909363.6 Germany
Calcined Alumina powder 192 Kgs 116500.8 Japan
Calcium carbonate 500 Kgs 12522.93 Thailand
Calcium carbide 22.5 Mts 858806.2 China
Calcium carbide 45 Mts 1725964 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Calcium carbide 67.5 Mts 2619965 China

Calcium carbide (size 25-50mm) 22.5 Mts 914908.5 China
Calcium carbide ( 45 Mts 1571661 China
Calcium carbide ( adc. S.l.no. 374 ) 45 Mts 1746644 China
Calcium carbide (adc sl no.374) 22.5 Mts 873321.8 China
Calcium carbide (size 50-80mm) gas yield (295l/kg) 45 Mts 1774680 China
Calcium carbide (size:50-80mm) (adc noc list s.no.374) 22.5 Mts 880252.9 China
Calcium carbide dust 43.2 Mts 628782.9 China
Calcium carbide dust size:0-1mm 43.2 Mts 620141.6 China
Calcium carbide dust size:0-1mm 22.5 Mts 256451.6 China
Calcium carbide size : 25 - 50 mm 22500 Kgs 876900.9 China
Calcium carbide size : 25 -50 mm 22500 Kgs 876900.9 China
Calcium carbide size : 50 - 80mm 67.5 Mts 2619965 China
Calcium carbide size : 50 - 80mm " b '' grade 22.5 Mts 874117.1 China
Calcium carbide size : 50 -80 mm ( 67500 Kgs 2588946 China
Calcium carbide size 25-50 mm 225 Mts 9230224 China
Calcium carbide size 25-50 mm 22.5 Mts 866390.6 China
Calcium carbide size 25-50 mm 112.5 Mts 4505658 China
Calcium carbide size 40-80 mm 315 Mts 12903669 Indonesia
Calcium carbide size: 45 Mts 1768119 China
Calcium carbide size: 15 - 25mm 22.5 Mts 873321.8 China
Calcium carbide size: 50-80mm 67500 Kgs 2601797 China
Calcium carbide size; 4 - 25mm 22.5 Mts 873322 China
Calcium carbide, size:25-50mm, gas yeild: 295l/kg 67500 Kgs 2672460 China
Calcium carbonate 24 Mts 261307 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate 120 Mts 1024443 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate 96 Mts 856005.5 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate 13750 Kgs 209787.2 France
Calcium carbonate 10000 Kgs 152573 France
Calcium carbonate 13750 Kgs 209787.2 France
Calcium carbonate 10000 Kgs 152573 France
Calcium carbonate 2100 Kgs 213478.7 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate omyalite 75t-ip 120 Mts 1299113 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder 50 Mts 394304 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate (caco3) 10000 Kgs 261059.8 Korea
Calcium carbonate (caco3) 10000 Kgs 261059.8 Korea
Calcium carbonate (not for medical use) 3150 Kgs 322069.6 Japan
Calcium carbonate (technical grade) 16000 Kgs 483022 Taiwan
Calcium carbonate 1qc 45564 Kgs 493273 Thailand
Calcium carbonate 24 mts omyalite 75t-ip - 24 Mts 260240.6 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate 50 1000 Kgs 57272.7 Japan
Calcium carbonate 56 13000 Kgs 228327.2 Japan

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Calcium carbonate coco3 filler efpp 1001 25000 Kgs 737463.9 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate kz kal 2061 240 Mts 2048886 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate kz kal 2061 120 Mts 1024443 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate kz kal 2061 24.83 Mts 215046 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate kz kal 2061 23.17 Mts 200670 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate neolight ss 6 Mts 193801.6 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate omyacarb 120 Mts 1143219 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate omyacarb 24 Mts 232007.1 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate omyacarb 1t-ip 96 Mts 1009596 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate omyacarb 2t-ip 72 Mts 682897.5 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate omyafilm 723-bi 48 Mts 472134.6 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder 75 Mts 598519.7 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder 100000 Kgs 933876.3 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder 100000 Kgs 807676.8 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder 50 Ton 397384.5 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder 50000 Kgs 423301.3 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate powder 104000 Kgs 712759 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate powder 125000 Kgs 1009596 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder zancarb 2ts 100 Mts 791840 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder kz kal 2061 72 Mts 628847 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder msha2pl 26000 Kgs 197829.7 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate powder msha2s 25000 Kgs 207371.9 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate powder msha3 156 Mts 1086061 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate powder msha3 156 Mts 1086061 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate powder msha3 ( ) 104000 Kgs 726457 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate powder zancarb 25000 Kgs 203568 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder zancarb 1t 25 Mts 231984.4 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder zancarb 2t 75 Mts 609068 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder zancarb 2t 150 Mts 1197039 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder zancarb 2ts 100 Mts 788608 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate powder-msha3 400000 Kgs 2834060 Vietnam
Calcium carbonate sm700 120 Mts 717140.4 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate sm700 120 Mts 606242.4 Malaysia
Calcium carbonate sm-700 120 Mts 742350 Malaysia
Calcium hydroxide 18 Mts 302567 Malaysia
Calcium hydroxide 800 Kgs 20490.09 Japan
Calcium hydroxide composition 27000 Kgs 350760 China
Calcium hydroxide composition 27000 Kgs 350760 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED

Calcium hydroxide composition Super expansive mortar (cracking) 27000 Kgs 349328.7 China
Calcium hydroxide nicc 3000 200 Kgs 160186 Japan
Calcium nitrate 25 Mts 526765.5 China
Calcium nitrate - for agriculture use only 200000 Kgs 3773613 China
Calcium nitrate - for agriculture use only 200000 Kgs 3773613 China
Calcium nitrate - nitrogenous fertiliser 120 Mts 3142110 Norway
Calcium nitrate - nitrogenous fertiliser 120 Mts 3180743 Norway
Calcium nitrate fertilizer grade[ 100% water soluble fertilizer] 250000 Kgs 4717016 China
Calcium oxide 1800 Kgs 214910 Korea
calcium sulphate 2 Mts 33405.75 China
Carbon black 1600 Kgs 583925.4 Netherlands
Carbon black 19200 Kgs 1372178 Korea
Carbon black 6600 Kgs 696848.9 France
Carbon black 800 Kgs 291962.7 Netherlands
Carbon black 19000 Kgs 2171631 Czech republic
Carbon black 17000 Kgs 1889376 France
Carbon black - n339 44000 Kgs 2792724 China
Carbon black - n220 44000 Kgs 3009634 China
Carbon black (carbon black n550) 9600 Kgs 845782.1 Korea
Carbon black (carbon black n774) 10400 Kgs 916263.9 Korea
Carbon black corax hp 1107 (origin: korea) 17600 Kgs 1949716 Korea
Carbon black corax n326 25000 Kgs 2463276 Italy
Carbon black emperor 1200 500 kg bag 25 kg 1000 Kgs 924150 USA
Carbon black grade: vulcan 3 10000 Kgs 800930 Indonesia
Carbon black hafl n326 200000 Kgs 14968200 Korea
Carbon black monarch 1300 12.5k bag 525 kg 2100 Kgs 2151606 USA
Carbon black monarch 700 8kg bag 240 kg 240 Kgs 80585.88 USA
Carbon black monarch 700 8kg bag 240 kg 240 Kgs 80585.88 USA
Carbon black monarch 800 10 kg bag 400 kg 400 Kgs 122973.6 USA
Carbon black n234 9900 Kgs 820667.9 Korea
Carbon black n326 200000 Kgs 15168382 Korea
Carbon black regal 250r 10 kg bag 560 kg 1120 Kgs 207009.6 USA
Carbon black regal 350r 10 kg bag 560 kg 560 Kgs 116615.4 USA

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Carbon black regal 400 r 10 kg bag 450 kg 450 Kgs 126978.2 USA
Coated ground calcium carbonate grade 54 Mts 349584.8 Vietnam
Coated ground calcium carbonate grade 216 Mts 1321507 Vietnam
Coated ground calcium carbonate grade ms 175 Mts 1100666 Vietnam
Coated calcium carbonate 130 Mts 811625 Malaysia
Coated calcium carbonate 36 Mts 1111198 Malaysia
Coated calcium carbonate 130 Mts 958709.7 Malaysia
Coated calcium carbonate grade 260 Mts 1815316 Vietnam
Coated calcium carbonate iokalit 10 c 52.65 Mts 480077.4 Greece
Coated calcium carbonate iokalit 15 c 79.65 Mts 628729.6 Greece
Coated calcium carbonate iokalit 15 c 297 Mts 2433657 Greece
Coated calcium carbonate iokalit extra fine 1 Mts 7893.66 Greece
Coated calcium carbonate iokalit extra fine 1.25 Mts 26954.38 Greece
Coated calcium carbonate jv 2plc 156000 Kgs 1155340 Vietnam
Coated calcium carbonate jv 3c 260000 Kgs 1813412 Vietnam
Coated calcium carbonate jv 3c 130000 Kgs 906691 Vietnam
Coated calcium carbonate powder 156 Mts 976444.2 Malaysia
Coated calcium carbonate pwd k (ascom 30t) not for medical use 104 Mts 640152.1 Egypt
Coated calcium carbonate tkn 1c 26000 Kgs 239549.4 Malaysia
Coated calcium carbonate tkn 2c 52000 Kgs 404872.3 Malaysia
Coated calcium carbonate tkn 3c 26 Mts 160552.4 Malaysia
Coated calcium carbonate tkn 3c 26 Mts 162516.9 Malaysia
Colloidal calcium carbonate - pai ian hua ccr-501 20000 Kgs 532017.5 Taiwan
Dicalcium phosphate anhydrous 1000 Kgs 232498.7 Germany
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate 3000 Kgs 191153.6 China
Ground calcined alumina grade ga4r 20 Mts 770125 France
Hydrated lime (high purity calcium hydroxide) 90 Mts 849703 Malaysia
Hydrated lime (high purity calcium hydroxide) 139.62 Mts 1317568 Malaysia
Hydrated lime (high purity calcium hydroxide) 40.38 Mts 381058.7 Malaysia
Hydrated lime (high purity calcium hydroxide) 90 Mts 853935.8 Malaysia
Hydrogen peroxide 48.9 Mts 1477714 Indonesia
Insolube sulphur 18000 Kgs 2550654 USA
Insolube sulphur 18000 Kgs 2550654 USA
Insolube sulphur- 18000 Kgs 2550654 USA
Insolube sulphur- 18000 Kgs 2550654 USA
Lithium carbonate 18000 Kgs 7629782 China
Mod#hjs-21 activated carbon - 10 pcs - 10 ctn 90 Kgs 8625.09 China
Mod#hjs-21 activated carbon - 10 pcs - 10 ctn 90 Kgs 8625.09 China
Molybdenum disulfide 415 220 Kgs 644242.5 Japan
Mono ammonium phosphate(12-61-00),100%water soluble fertilizer 25 Mts 1198586 China
Mono potassium phosphate 20 Mts 1552749 China
Mono potassium phosphate 200000 Kgs 15032588 China
Monocalcium phosphate feed grade 300 Mts 8445391 China
Nitrogen calcium compound fertilizer 100 Mts 1983842 China
Palladium chloride solution(50 grams/litre) 27.38 Kgs 1464282 Germany

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Potassium carbonate 24 Mts 1596053 Thailand

Potassium carbonate 24 Mts 1609082 Thailand
Potassium carbonate (adc list slno:1297) 20000 Kgs 1564894 Korea
Potassium carbonate 99% 24 Mts 1573782 Thailand
Potassium carbonate fine powder 99.5 pct minimum 20 Mts 1456824 Korea
Potassium carbonate powder 20000 Kgs 1540250 Korea
Potassium carbonate powder 99.5 pct min. 1 Mts 78085.63 Korea
Potassium carbonate powder 99.5 pct min. 20 Mts 1540250 Korea
Potassium carbonate powder 99.5 pct min. 3 Mts 234256.9 Korea
Potassium carbonate powder 99.5 pct min. 20 Mts 1540250 Korea
Potassium chlorate 50000 Kgs 3141447 China
Potassium chloride 267.9 Mts 5392576 Jordan
Potassium chloride 77200 Kgs 4495857 Sweden
Potassium chloride 99 percent kcl technical industrial use 388840 Kgs 8504534 Germany
Potassium chloride 99% fine grade 50150 Kgs 1101354 Germany
Potassium chloride 99% fine grade 130 Kgs 2854.95 Germany
Potassium chloride for industrial use 172.14 Mts 3469250 Jordan
Potassium chloride for industrial use 219.54 Mts 4421272 Jordan
Potassium chloride for insdustrial use 316.88 Mts 6402417 Jordan
Potassium chloride ph.eur 1000 Kgs 285100.1 UK
Potassium chloride w/anticaking 275 Kgs 71443.9 Germany
Potassium hydroxide 20000 Kgs 1436776 Korea
Potassium hydroxide 38547 Kgs 2779583 China
Potassium hydroxide 11453 Kgs 825863.6 China
Potassium hydroxide 25000 Kgs 1802723 China
Potassium hydroxide flakes (koh) 10 Mts 685921 Korea
Potassium hydroxide flakes 90 percent- 40 Mts 2735484 Taiwan
Potassium hydroxide flakes(koh 90.7%)- 20000 Kgs 1429352 Korea
Potassium nitrate 25 Mts 1492433 Jordan
Potassium nitrate (for agriculture use) 408 Mts 2.3E+07 Thailand
Potassium nitrate 100% water soulble fertilizer, 24 Mts 1287265 China
Potassium nitrate(13-00-45)100%water soluble fertilizer 25 Mts 1424731 Jordan
Potassium nitrate(13-00-45)100%water soluble fertilizer,( 25 Mts 1417030 Jordan

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Potassium sulphate (00-00-50) 100%water souluble fertilizer 25 Mts 1169391 China

Potassium sulphate powder (sop) 100 Mts 4035455 Taiwan
Potassium sulphate(00:00:50) 100%water soluble fertilizer,( 25 Mts 1098059 Jordan
Potassium sulphate(00-00-50)100%water soluble fertilizer 50 Mts 2341180 Jordan
Silicone in primary forms 6000 Kgs 617300 Thailand
Silicone in primary forms 2340 Kgs 268870 Thailand
Silver nitrate solution 664.259 Kgs 3524871 Germany
Silver nitrate solution 1356 Kgs 7139440 Germany
Silver nitrate solution 1356 Kgs 7294598 Germany
Silver nitrate solution(25% w/v silver nitrate) 1339.56 Kgs 7108325 Germany
Silver nitrate solution(25%w/v silver nitrate) 708.182 Kgs 3757947 Germany
Sodium bicarbonate 110 Mts 1796487 China
Sodium bicarbonate 61737.5 Kgs 859328.1 China
Sodium bicarbonate 20248.2 Kgs 281836 China
Sodium bicarbonate 44165 Kgs 588020.5 China
Sodium bicarbonate 27.5 Mts 472702.7 China
Sodium bicarbonate 73768.7 Kgs 1168037 China
Sodium bicarbonate 55 Mts 945405.5 China
Sodium carbonate dense 400000 Kgs 6314760 China
Sodium carbonate dense 125.78 Mts 2154076 Romania
Sodium carbonate dense 2.01 Mts 34422.8 Romania
Sodium carbonate dense 750000 Kgs 11823447 China
Sodium carbonate dense 500000 Kgs 7762860 Italy
Sodium carbonate dense 434666 Kgs 6748503 Bulgaria
Sodium carbonate dense 650 Kgs 10091.72 Bulgaria
Sodium carbonate dense 63434 Kgs 984858.5 Bulgaria
Sodium carbonate dense (soda ash) 495000 Kgs 7107850 Kenya
Sodium chlorate fc08 bb 115 Mts 4888754 Finland
Sodium chlorate fc08 bb 115 Mts 4888754 Finland
Sodium percarbonate coated 15 Mts 508282.5 China
Sodium percarbonate tablet 9 Mts 343783.8 China
Sodium tripolyphosphate 58822.8 Kgs 3389876 Russia
Sodium tripolyphosphate 559.7 Kgs 32254.72 Russia
Sodium tripolyphosphate 3792.48 Kgs 218555.2 Russia
Sodium tripolyphosphate 56475 Kgs 3254573 Russia
Sodium tripolyphosphate (stpp na5p3o10) white dense. 92 Mts 5181596 Tunisia
Sodium tripolyphosphate 94 pcnt 50 Mts 2988085 China
Titanium dioxide 180 Kgs 187004 Germany

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Titanium dioxide rutile 15 Mts 2412638 Saudi arabia

Titanium dioxide rutile 8000 Kgs 1286861 Australia
Titanium dioxide rutile 4000 Kgs 643430.6 Australia
Titanium dioxide rutile 240000 Kgs 4.3E+07 Taiwan
Titanium dioxide rutile 200000 Kgs 3.5E+07 Taiwan
Titanium dioxide rutile 20000 Kgs 2697205 China
Titanium dioxide rutile 20000 Kgs 2697205 China
Titanium dioxide rutile 60 Mts 1E+07 Australia
Titanium dioxide rutile 60 Mts 10063675 Australia
Titanium dioxide rutile 40 Mts 6616914 Australia
Titanium dioxide rutile blr-699 graco:pt0665 20000 Kgs 2592039 China
Titanium dioxide rutile ti pure r900 20000 Kgs 3588025 Taiwan
Titanium dioxide rutile tioxide 5000 Kgs 749622 Malaysia
Titanium dioxide rutile ti-pure r104 1000 Kgs 191208.2 USA
Titanium dioxide rutile ti-pure r-104 20000 Kgs 3868704 USA
Titanium dioxide rutile ti-pure r-105 10000 Kgs 1873904 Singapore
Titanium dioxide rutile ti-pure r-105 10000 Kgs 1873904 Singapore
Titanium dioxide rutile tipure r706 60000 Kgs 1.2E+07 Taiwan
Titanium dioxide rutile tipure r706 40000 Kgs 7639640 Taiwan
Titanium dioxide rutile tipure r900 20000 Kgs 3573380 Taiwan
Titanium dioxide rutile ti-pure r931 60000 Kgs 10764075 USA
Titanium dioxide rutile type r-60 20000 Kgs 2765999 China
Titanium dioxide tio2 off grade 20133 Kgs 2967185 Singapore
Tricalcium phosphate 8250 Kgs 1080604 Germany
Tricalcium phosphate - c 13-09 6750 Kgs 993960.8 Germany
Trisodium phosphate - n 13-01 1050 Kgs 84569 Germany
Trisodium phosphate - n 13-01 1050 Kgs 84569.04 Germany
Trisodium phosphate technical grade 25 Mts 492880 China
Zinc phosphate 1000 Kgs 97593.32 Korea
Zinc phosphate 250 Kgs 24398.2 Korea

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
CATEGORY: DRUGS
9-deoxo-9a-aza-hemoerythromycin 1000 Kgs 4639688 China

Ac-di-sol sd-711 nf i (croscarmellose sodium) 2000 Kgs 1538212 Ireland
Avilamycin 10600 Kgs 9122244 United kingdom
Azithromycin ip 500 Kgs 2822477 China
Azithromycin ip/usp 875 Kgs 5402143 China
Ceftriaxone sodium ( non sterile) 3000 Kgs 12143331 China
Ceftriaxone sodium ( non sterile) 7000 Kgs 2.8E+07 China
Chloroform(trichloromethane) 46.4 Mts 1143482 Russia
Crosscarmellose sodium/primellose/ usp.nf.ph.eur.jp 1890 Kgs 1614500 Netherlands
D-calcium pantothenate feed grade - 1350 Kgs 1348757 China
D-calcium pantothenate bp/usp/ip 3000 Kgs 2023131 China
Erythromycin stearate bp 1600 Kgs 4337344 Thailand
Erythromycin stearate bp 2400 Kgs 6506016 Thailand
Kollidon (r) 25 (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) 2000 Kgs 2182863 USA
Kollidon (r) 30 (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) 5000 Kgs 4927033 USA
Kollidon 30 ( polyvinylpyrrolidone ) 6000 Kgs 6099390 USA
Lincomycin hcl 11% premix 10000 Kgs 4348934 China
Lincomycin hcl 11% premix( 10000 Kgs 4596384 China
Lincomycin hcl 11% premix( 10000 Kgs 4348934 China
Lincomycin hydrochloride 2300 Bou 9467387 China
Maduramycin-0.75% and nicarbazin-8% animal feed supplement(zamax) 16000 Kgs 2078580 China
Metamizole sodium ep 7.0/analgin 10000 Kgs 5298460 China
Naproxen sodium 2600 Kgs 6112015 China
Paracetamol b.p 34000 Kgs 7813380 China
Paracetamol bp 102000 Kgs 24356504 China
Paracetamol bp/ep 51000 Kgs 12128545 China
Paracetamol bp/usp 16 Mts 3781965 China
Penicillin g potassium first crystal 25000 Kgs 20290900 China
Penicillin g potassium first crystal 25000 Kgs 2E+07 China
Penicillin v potassium compacted ep 1825 Kgs 4627094 Slovak republic
Penicillin v potassium ip 1050 Kgs 2280658 Australia
Penicillin v potassium ip 2950 Kgs 6407564 Australia
Phenoxy methyl penicillin potassium 1650 Kgs 2948039 China
Plasdone k-29/32 (povidone k 30) (polyvinyl pyrollidine) 3942.1 Kgs 3164632 USA
Plasdone k-29/32 (povidone k 30) (polyvinyl pyrollidine) 4041.9 Kgs 3244750 USA
Plasdone k-90 (povidone 90d) (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) 2994 Kgs 2789040 USA
Poly vinyl poly pyrrolidone (pvpp) 2820 Kgs 825266 Canada

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Poly vinyl poly pyrrolidone (pvpp) 2820 Kgs 825266 Canada

Polyplasdone xl (crospovidone) (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) 1996 Kgs 2020456 USA
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone k-90(pvp k-90) 7920 Kgs 7221678 Canada
Primellose croscarmellose sodium usp/nf 8820 Kgs 8131405 Germany
Pvp k 30 usp 36 (polyvinyl pyrolidone) 16000 Kgs 7868910 China
Pvpp (polyvinyl poly pyrrolidone) 10710 Kgs 3177929 Canada
Pyrrolidine pure,adc list no:1332 2720 Kgs 1040172 Germany
Pyrrolydine 5100 Kgs 2188660 Netherlands
Resorcinol 16000 Kgs 5076664 Japan
Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) 1000 Kgs 294893.2 Japan
Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) 5000 Kgs 1474433 Japan
Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene-) 7000 Kgs 2004964 Japan
Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene-) 9000 Kgs 2577810 Japan
Sodium starch glycolate 3000 Kgs 831735 Taiwan
Sodium starch glycolate (explosol a) 1440 Kgs 413982.7 Brazil
CATEGORY: DYESTUFF
3402-ca (liquid dyes) 120 Kgs 82129.86 Spain
Alpalux w arancio ( liquid dyes) 200 Kgs 130783.6 Italy
Alpalux w blu ( liquid dyes) 150 Kgs 87007.21 Italy
Alpalux w bordeaux ( liquid dyes) 150 Kgs 91414.24 Italy
Alpalux w bruno ( liquid dyes) 200 Kgs 130783.6 Italy
Alpalux w nero ( liquid dyes) 300 Kgs 101487.4 Italy
Alpalux w verde ( liquid dyes) 50 Kgs 31436.76 Italy
Avival arancio (liquid dyes) 25 Kgs 21659.94 Italy
Avival blu brillante (liquid dyes) 25 Kgs 26544.04 Italy
Avival bruno (liquid dyes) 50 Kgs 42470.46 Italy
Avival giallo (liquid dyes) 25 Kgs 20173.47 Italy
Avival nero (liquid dyes) 25 Kgs 12741.14 Italy
Avival verde (liquid dyes) 25 Kgs 18474.65 Italy
Dianix orange un-se 01 ( dyes) 100 Kgs 69619.3 Singapore
Dianix red cc ( dyes) 50 Kgs 98267.95 Singapore
Dianix royal blue cc ( dyes) 50 Kgs 77012.5 Singapore
Levafix brilliant yellow ca gran (dyes) 200 Kgs 301889 Singapore
Miketon p black pbsf u/c ( dyes) 200 Kgs 138006.4 Singapore
Moderlan dark brown b (dyes) 1350 Kgs 1269236 Thailand
Modernil black jet (dyes) 2700 Kgs 1987356 Thailand
Modernil black nat conc (dyes) 2025 Kgs 1490517 Thailand
Moderzol black ecr (dyes) 675 Kgs 663843.6 Thailand
Nero hdm (dyes) 4000 Kgs 4042076 Italy
Solve 47 b [ liquid dyes ] 100 Kgs 76610.92 Italy
Hv nero conc [ liquid dyes ] 300 Kgs 209180.3 Italy
Nero hdm (dyes) 4000 Kgs 4042076 Italy

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
CATEGORY: FABRIC, FIBRE & YARN
Nylon 6 chips ( zisamide pa6 chips) tp4407 bright b grade 16000 Kgs 2308193 Taiwan
Nylon 6 chips ( zisamide pa6 chips) tp6603 bright a grade 45000 Kgs 7018844 Taiwan
Nylon 6 chips (zisamide pa6 chips) 8 Mts 1158599 Taiwan
Nylon 6 chips (zisamide pa6 chips) 8 Mts 1158599 Taiwan
Nylon 6 chips tp6603 bright a grade ( zisamide pa6 chips) 9000 Kgs 1422940 Taiwan
Nylon 6 chips tp6603 bright a grade ( zisamide pa6 chips) 250 Kgs 39526.1 Taiwan
Nylon 6 chips- zisamide pa6 chips tp4407 bright a grade 12000 Kgs 1855693 Taiwan
Nylon 6 chips- zisamide pa6 chips tp4407 bright a grade 3000 Kgs 463923.3 Taiwan
Nylon 6 chips- zisamide pa6 chips tp4407 bright a grade 15 Mts 2319617 Taiwan
CATEGORY: METAL
Aluminium alloy ingots rdl rm 01 25000 Kgs 3712003 Malaysia
Bismuth ingot 209 Kgs 298221.3 Korea
Bismuth ingot 2.5 Kgs 3567.16 Korea
Bismuth ingot 760.3 Kgs 1084869 Korea
Bismuth ingot 3 Kgs 4280.96 Korea
Calcium metal 10 Mts 2332216 China
Calcium metal (ca : 98.57%; size : 50-150mm (90% min.) 10 Mts 2322697 China
Calcium metal (ca: 98.5%min, size: 50-150mm) 10 Mts 2350775 China
Calcium metal granule 5250 Kgs 1455556 China
Calcium metal granules 1200 Kgs 300112.4 China
Pure lead 99.97% min in ingots 178.605 Mts 25943127 Australia
Pure lead 99.97% min in ingots 110 Mts 15977962 Australia
Remelted lead ingots 143.3 Mts 17815637 UAE
Remelted lead ingots 142.82 Mts 17755961 UAE
Silicon metal 25000 Kgs 3459250 China
Silicon metal 553 grade 48 Mts 6339669 China
Silicon metal 441 grade 24 Mts 3281187 China
Sodium metal 12000 Kgs 1558935 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED

Sodium metal (2kg ingots) 18600 Kgs 2410383 China
Zinc ingots [lme rged high grade 99.95%] 24.636 Mts 4018302 Australia
CATEGORY: PAINT
3102-ca (pigment) 30 Kgs 28489.06 Spain
9125-pc ( pigment) 240 Kgs 54616.87 Spain
9201 pc (pigments) 975 Kgs 333071.5 Spain
Bayferrox 4910(iron oxide pigment) 3200 Kgs 268915.5 China
Bayferrox red 4125(iron oxide pigment 4000 Kgs 342798.3 China
Bayferrox red 4130(iron oxide pigment) 3000 Kgs 258207.4 China
Bayferrox red 4140(iron oxide pigment) 2000 Kgs 185980 China
Bayferrox yellow 4920(iron oxide pigment 4800 Kgs 382080.3 China
Bayferrox yellow 4920(iron oxide pigment 4800 Kgs 382080.3 China
Catiofin black cc liq(pigments) 150 Kgs 35389.64 Italy
Colanyl yellow h3g 500 (pigments) 360 Kgs 419860 Germany
Colanyl yellow h3g 500 (pigments) 510 Kgs 594801.4 Germany
Cra56427 (raw materials for manufacturers of paint) 1140 Kgs 192445 Korea
Cresablanc rhe ( white pigments for textile ) 2030 Kgs 546802.1 Spain
Cresablanc rx ( white pigments for textile )( 420 Kgs 128941.8 Spain
Cresablanc us 2005 ( white pigments for textile ) 2800 Kgs 608989.3 Spain
Cresablanc us 2005 ( white pigments for textile ) 195 Kgs 37028.72 Spain
Crt00848 (raw materials for manufacturers of paint) 1900 Kgs 311376.9 Korea
Duasyn fluoreszent - m009181)(3 can) (pigments) 2 Kgs 8733.83 Korea
Ecopaque yellow 12 105 (pigment) 105 Kgs 209287 Germany
Emulter 2000e waterborne anti-corrosion paint 720 Kgs 402520.8 Japan
Ferric oxide pigment 110e (iron oxide) 6.25 Mts 413009.7 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Ferric oxide pigment 190-2 (iron oxide) 6.25 Mts 413009.7 China
Gold pearl pigment lb 300 (100 drums) 2500 Kgs 1055071 China
Irgazin red k 3840 sq ( old cromophtal red 1030-p ) (pigment) 1000 Kgs 1108980 USA
Isopur black pigment paste 400 Kgs 134104 Germany
Isopur- black pigment paste 180 Kgs 109721.8 Germany
Isopur- comp a-pigment paste 300 Kgs 195670.5 Germany
Ke - color - bl ( pigment ) ) 10 Kgs 38482.73 Japan
Ke - color - br ( pigment ) ) 10 Kgs 38482.73 Japan
Ke-color - w pigment 10 Kgs 38482.73 Japan
L-520ar aluminum paste (14dd13553) (pigment) 60 Kgs 38517.72 USA
Lemon gold pearl pigment lb 353 b 2000 Kgs 844057 China
Neosan 2000 black liq (pigments) 2640 Kgs 440296 Italy
Neosan 2000 black liq (pigments) 2670 Kgs 445299.3 Italy
Neosan 2000 blue liq ( pigments ) 240 Kgs 65995.58 Italy
Neosan 2000 citron liq(pigments) 120 Kgs 117151.9 Italy
Neosan 2000 light brown liq 0040 (pigments) 120 Kgs 19232.44 Italy
Neosan 2000 magenta liq (pigments) 330 Kgs 321630.8 Italy
Neosan 2000 red brown liq 0040(pigments) 160 Kgs 34624.9 Italy
Neosan lucido deep black liq 0030(pigments) 60 Kgs 21477.85 Germany
Nero 6n pigment 540 Kgs 155857.6 Italy
Paint (finished paint) (pu9350) 93 Ltr 43488.65 Korea
Paint (finished paint) (pu9350q) 15120 Kgs 3409448 Korea
Pa-tcr3080 aluminum paste (pa-52-4688) (pigment) 124.74 Kgs 272636 USA
Perrindo violet v4050 (7p53-9951) (pigment) 36.287 Kgs 53773.2 USA
Phthalo blue (25l52-1588) (pigment) 108.862 Kgs 64078.78 USA
Pigment red 3bl 300 Kgs 1192523 China
Pigments (k-pigment ochre) 300 Kgs 49059.47 Italy
Powder coating paint (ex8816-tribogrey) 2000 Kgs 437431 Korea
Pp-25-824 (60) (camotex) (pigments) 60 Kgs 8544.71 Singapore
Pp-25-824 (60) (camotex) (pigments) 840 Kgs 119845 Singapore
Pp-25-824 (60) (camotex) (pigments) 840 Kgs 119845 Singapore
Pp-25-832 (10) (camotex)(pigments) 10 Kgs 1802.56 Singapore
Pp-25-832 (10)(camotex) (pigments) 10 Kgs 1802.56 Singapore
Pp-25-832 (10)(camotex) (pigments) 10 Kgs 1712.93 Singapore
Pp-25-884(60)(comotex) (pigment) 120 Kgs 25740.93 Singapore
Pp-39-126 camotex(pigments) 540 Kgs 182207.1 Netherlands
Pp marine a pa(pigments) 30 Kgs 11153.84 Italy
Roda cor ni black 14 (pigment) 30 Kgs 30230.5 Italy
Roda kp black super (pigment) 360 Kgs 94891.67 Italy
Roda kp brown (pigment) 30 Kgs 10396.6 Italy
Roda kp red (pigment) 30 Kgs 28674.91 Italy
Roda lite black 07 (pigment) 150 Kgs 30593.49 Italy
Roda lite white 07 (pigment) 70 Kgs 25166.17 Italy

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Solaris bianco (pigment) 250 Kgs 62506.86 Italy

Soleda iride caramel (pigment) 120 Kgs 21002.3 Italy
Soleda k arancio (pigment) 120 Kgs 49505.43 Italy
Soleda k bianco (pigment) 240 Kgs 65207.15 Italy
Soleda k bruno scuro (pigment) 240 Kgs 62606.87 Italy
Soleda k nero es (pigment) 450 Kgs 96760.61 Italy
Soleda k ocra (pigment) 180 Kgs 45905.04 Italy
Soleda k scarlatto (pigment) 60 Kgs 47755.24 Italy
Soleda k verde (pigment) 30 Kgs 17001.86 Italy
Soleda k violetto (pigment) 30 Kgs 40879.48 Italy
Soleda lux bordo (pigment) 300 Kgs 128514.1 Italy
Soleda lux brown (pigment) 300 Kgs 47505.21 Italy
Soleda lux dark brown (pigment) 120 Kgs 25002.74 Italy
Soleda lux fuxia (pigment) 120 Kgs 69907.67 Italy
Soleda lux lemon (pigment) 300 Kgs 73758.09 Italy
Soleda lux orange (pigment) 150 Kgs 58756.45 Italy
Soleda lux red (pigment) 150 Kgs 51505.65 Italy
Sp k top nero extra (pigment) 600 Kgs 109873.1 Italy
Sp k top nero extra(pigments) 90 Kgs 19917.9 Italy
Sparkle silver premier 354 aluminum paste ( (pigment) 460 Kgs 473123.9 USA
Sparkle silver premier 354 aluminum paste) (pigment) 40 Kgs 41141.21 USA
Sparkle silver premier 554 aluminum paste (pigment) 400 Kgs 483278 USA
Special black 2611(pigments) 75 Kgs 17815.88 Italy
Spk top ocra (pigments) 60 Kgs 21020.18 Italy
Titanium dioxide pigmental grade rutile 10000 Kgs 1302468 Ukraine
Titanium dioxide pigmental grade rutile 10000 Kgs 1302468 Ukraine
Titanium dioxide rutile tioxide tr92 (pigments) 10045 Kgs 1739945 Malaysia
Tpk black (pigment) 180 Kgs 28812.8 Italy
Ultramarine blue ep-25(inorganic pigments) 500 Kgs 117810 Romania
Vc blacks [ pigment] 900 Kgs 157342 Italy
Vc white [ pigment ] 60 Kgs 16253.5 Italy
Violet 23 (29p46-8067) (pigment) 206.838 Kgs 94840.04 USA
Yellow oxide 920(iron oxide pigment) 4800 Kgs 305351.6 China
Yellow primer tint (54s8821) (pigment) 54.431 Kgs 20294.49 USA
CATEGORY: PLASTIC
Bi axially oriented polypropylene film 1232.88 Kgs 250660.5 Australia
Expanded polypropylene beads ( arpro5118-45p w ) 707 Kgs 253673.4 Singapore
Expanded polypropylene beads ( arpro5237-15p w) 1089.2 Kgs 350379.3 Singapore
Expanded polypropylene beads (arpro5118-45p w) 1134 Kgs 405221.3 Singapore
Expanded polypropylene beads (arpro5118-45p w) 563.5 Kgs 201360 Singapore
Hdpe (high density polyethylene) u050 10000 Kgs 1288265 Korea
Hdpe (high density polyethylene) u050 10000 Kgs 1288265 Korea
Hdpe black blow grade extruder 24910 Kgs 1543556 Kuwait
Hdpe blue reprocess granules 50000 Kgs 4127870 Taiwan
Hdpe borstar mb6561 1.375 Mts 139777.7 UAE
Hdpe borstar mb6561 1.375 Mts 139777.7 UAE
Hdpe granules grade 6888 24750 Kgs 2531247 Qatar
Hdpe granules grade 6888 15604 Kgs 1595862 Qatar

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
9146 Kgs 935385.2 Hdpe granules

Qatar grade 6888
Hdpe granules grade hta001hd 17000 Kgs 1696739 Saudi arabia
Hdpe nature reprocess granules 25000 Kgs 2187155 Taiwan
Hdpe recycled granules 17 Mts 1109775 Malaysia
Hdpe reprocess granuels 24.92 Mts 1613797 Kuwait
Hdpe reprocess granuels 24.79 Mts 1605407 Kuwait
High density polyethylene (hdpe) - borstar he3366 16500 Kgs 1657001 UAE
High density polyethylene (hdpe) - borstar he6062 11000 Kgs 1121610 UAE
High density polyethylene (marlex hhm 5502 bn) (hdpe granules) 69300 Kgs 6964097 Saudi arabia
High density polyethylene (marlex hhm 5502 bn) (hdpe granules) 10700 Kgs 1075265 Saudi arabia
High density polyethylene grade: f00851 49500 Kgs 4977102 Saudi arabia
High density polyethylene grade: fi0750 49500 Kgs 4977102 Saudi arabia
High density polyethylene grade: fi0750 24750 Kgs 2519658 Saudi arabia
High density polyethylene granules h5604f film prime grade 18.25 Mts 1922694 Thailand
High density polyethylene hb111r 25900 Kgs 3210886 Japan
High density polyethylene hb111r 25900 Kgs 3210886 Japan
High density polyethylene marlex hxm 50100 32000 Kgs 3214752 Qatar
High density polyethylene marlex hxm tr-571 48 Mts 4880262 Qatar
High density polyethylene marlex hxm tr-571 48000 Kgs 4910878 Qatar
Ldpe granules grade 2427k 48000 Kgs 5022349 Saudi arabia
Ldpe granules grade 955 35000 Kgs 3913775 Korea
Ldpe granules) low density polyethylene grade: d777c( 17250 Kgs 1991902 Thailand
Ldpe lotrene fb5026 16500 Kgs 1765865 Qatar
Ldpe reprocessed granules 135 Mts 8750820 Malaysia
Ldpe reprocessed granuls 32 Mts 2051879 Malaysia
Ldpe reprocessed plastic granules 27.5 Mts 1745103 Malaysia
Ldpe sabic hp 2023n 49500 Kgs 5037596 Saudi arabia
Ldpe sabic hp0823j 6.875 Mts 723018 Saudi arabia
Ldpe sabic hp0823n 8.25 Mts 862517.9 Saudi arabia
Ldpe sabic hp2023n 148.5 Mts 14913009 Saudi arabia
Ldpe sabic hp4024w 9.625 Mts 994362.4 Saudi arabia
Linear low density polyethylene 24700 Kgs 2891357 Sweden
Linear low density polyethylene 33 Mts 3395327 UAE
Linear low density polyethylene 12000 Kgs 1588885 China
Linear low density polyethylene 8000 Kgs 1069832 China
Low density polyethylene 24.75 Mts 2500750 Spain
Linear low density polyethylene 16.5 Mts 1776072 Singapore
Linear low density polyethylene (lldpe sabic 118w) 16.5 Mts 1697664 Saudi arabia
Linear low density polyethylene (lldpe sabic 118w) 16.5 Mts 1697664 Saudi arabia
Linear low density polyethylene (lldpe) grade 4800 Kgs 839589 Italy
Linear low density polyethylene (lldpe)'lotrene'q1018h 51750 Kgs 5324490 Qatar
Linear low density polyethylene (lldpe0 lotrene q1018n ( 34.5 Mts 3528405 Qatar
Linear low density polyethylene grade: 48000 Kgs 5270091 Singapore
Lldpe 118w 16.5 Mts 1717995 Saudi arabia
Lldpe borstar fb1350 13.75 Mts 1423191 UAE

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Lldpe borstar fb1370 1.375 Mts 140624.8 UAE

Lldpe enable 3505hh 24.75 Mts 2805719 Singapore
Lldpe exceed 1018ha 24.75 Mts 2836216 Singapore
Lldpe exceed 1018ha (ethylene copolymers) 15.125 Mts 1723925 Singapore
Lldpe exceed 1018ka 15.125 Mts 1723925 Singapore
Lldpe exceed 1018ka (ethylene copolymers) 15.125 Mts 1723925 Singapore
Lldpe exceed 1018ka (ethylene copolymers) 10.872 Mts 1239174 Singapore
Lldpe exceed 1018ka (ethylene copolymers) 4.253 Mts 484750.6 Singapore
Lldpe exceed 2018kb 15.125 Mts 1733243 Singapore
Lldpe exxonmobil ll1001kw 72 Mts 7750134 Singapore
Lldpe recycled granules 25 Mts 1587300 Thailand
Lldpe recycled granules 27 Mts 1742565 Malaysia
Lldpe recycled granules 28 Mts 1812379 Vietnam
Lldpe recycled granules 26 Mts 1676616 Thailand
Linear low density polyethylene 24.75 Mts 2592453 Saudi arabia
Linear low density polyethylene 49500 Kgs 5194850 Saudi arabia
Linear low density polyethylene 8.75 Mts 918481.8 Saudi arabia
Low density polyethylene 16500 Kgs 1758657 Qatar
Low density polyethylene 17250 Kgs 1803447 Qatar
Low density polyethylene 24750 Kgs 2592241 Saudi arabia
Nylon-6 chips bright high density a grade afc-3003s( 19 Mts 3195711 Thailand
Linear Low density polyethylene 33 Mts 2095612 Thailand
High density polyethylene 33 Mts 3364830 UAE
Linear low density polyethylene 33 Mts 3537646 Singapore
Linear low density polyethylene 33 Mts 3572559 Singapore
Polypropylene 6000 Kgs 909363.6 Thailand
Polypropylene 3000 Kgs 577039.3 Thailand
Polypropylene co polymers 120 Mts 12819809 Singapore
Polypropylene copolymers 15822 Kgs 1690292 Singapore
Polypropylene copolymers 32178 Kgs 3437632 Singapore
Polypropylene 24750 Kgs 2500750 UAE
Polypropylene 7500 Kgs 726488 Korea
Polypropylene 30000 Kgs 1859918 Thailand
Polypropylene 16500 Kgs 1641752 UAE
Polypropylene 6875 Kgs 711595.5 UAE
Polypropylene 1275 Kgs 131968.6 UAE
Polypropylene 250 Kgs 58703.36 China
Polypropylene 15000 Kgs 939069 Thailand
Polypropylene - 200 Kgs 20208.08 UAE
Polypropylene - v12s038be pp granules 6000 Kgs 812873.3 United kingdom
Polypropylene (aw564natural) 75 Kgs 10663.34 Thailand
Polypropylene (trek-2-t (b-01)) 75 Kgs 17333.8 Thailand
Polypropylene (trek-2-t (gy-138)) 75 Kgs 14045.54 Thailand
Polypropylene adstif ea5076 14000 Kgs 1502022 Korea
Polypropylene adstif ea5076 13000 Kgs 1431498 Korea
Polypropylene bj368mo bag 11 Mts 1104667 UAE
Polypropylene black glass filled 20% hostacom g2 u02 black 3000 Kgs 929682.7 Germany

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Polypropylene clyrell ec5082 1000 Kgs 121402 Korea

Polypropylene copolymer ( bj356ai ) 1125 Kgs 115068 UAE
Polypropylene copolymer ( bj356ai ) 47000 Kgs 4807287 UAE
Polypropylene copolymer ( bj356ai ) 1375 Kgs 140638.7 UAE
Polypropylene copolymer (b 380g) 21511 Kgs 2306713 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (b 380g) 12489 Kgs 1339247 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (bx 3800) 5836 Kgs 644725.2 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (bx 3800) 28164 Kgs 3111385 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (bx 3920) 4165 Kgs 462822.1 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (ea 5076) 30451 Kgs 3273770 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (ea 5076) 3549 Kgs 381551 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (ep 300c) 17000 Kgs 1817187 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (ep 540v) 34000 Kgs 3655321 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer (hm980in) 16000 Kgs 1661006 Korea
Polypropylene copolymer grade 51000 Kgs 5404429 Thailand
Polypropylene co-polymers 0.875 Mts 91185.33 UAE
Polypropylene co-polymers 11.5 Mts 1198436 UAE
Polypropylene d-10: gsf-79 (pp-gf-25) - black 11000 Kgs 1926052 Thailand
Polypropylene epalex 7489 hs uv2 7e50 x 2000 kgs 2000 Kgs 468672 Australia
Polypropylene exxtral bmv21210000 24 Mts 2783813 Singapore
Polypropylene exxtral bmv212w30602 zct mid grey 48 Mts 5834871 Singapore
Polypropylene grade 16000 Kgs 1691564 Singapore
Polypropylene grade: 24750 Kgs 2500750 UAE
Polypropylene grade: 24750 Kgs 2500750 UAE
Polypropylene grade: pp h4120 32000 Kgs 3051537 Saudi arabia
Polypropylene grade:rd265cf 24750 Kgs 2500750 UAE
Polypropylene granules 99000 Kgs 9745125 Saudi arabia
Polypropylene hj311mo bag 5.5 Mts 547250.8 UAE
Polypropylene moplen hp 500n 17 Mts 1691503 South africa
Polypropylene moplen hp456j 5000 Kgs 498186.3 Saudi arabia
Polypropylene moplen hp500n 5000 Kgs 498186 Saudi arabia
Polypropylene pp h1030 48 Mts 4752890 Saudi arabia
Polypropylene purell rp 271g 12 Mts 1378832 Thailand
Polypropylene reprocessed granules 31000 Kgs 1934857 Malaysia
Polypropylene s2202k 300 Kgs 41032.26 Korea
Polypropylene strip (for packing) 1888004 pcs 192 Kgs 119176.1 China
Polypropylene strip (for packing) 2400000 pcs 128 Kgs 75747.52 China
Polypropylene titanpro 6331 16500 Kgs 1829817 Malaysia
Polypropylene(l2k70bkgr(l2kb70e)) 75 Kgs 17567.63 Korea
Polypropylene 1000 Kgs 118798.9 Korea
Polypropylene 49500 Kgs 4681019 Saudi arabia
Polypropylene 700 Kgs 171049.8 United kingdom

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Polypropylene 1000 Kgs 361895.6 United kingdom

Polypropylene 500 Kgs 148470 United kingdom
Propafilm bi axially oriented polypropylene film 2202.48 Kgs 447792.8 Australia
Propafilm bi axially oriented polypropylene film 1761.6 Kgs 358156.2 Australia
Propafilm bi axially oriented polypropylene film type 4917.24 Kgs 954295.8 Australia
Regrind lldpe 25.73 Mts 1619090 UAE
Reprocessed lldpe granules 51.5 Mts 3359415 Thailand
Reprocessed ldpe granules 78000 Kgs 5062801 Malaysia
Reprocessed lldpe granules 31 Mts 2013624 Singapore
Reprocessed lldpe granules 25000 Kgs 1612642 Singapore
Reprocessed lldpe plastic granules 50 Mts 3274935 Thailand
Reprocessed lldpe plastic granules 54 Mts 3464673 Malaysia
Reprocessed lldpe plastic granules 26 Mts 1702966 Taiwan
Reprocessed lldpe plastic granules 50 Mts 3261568 Thailand
Reprocessed polypropylene granules 26 Mts 1641907 Malaysia
Reprocessed polypropylene granules 26 Mts 1641907 Malaysia
CATEGORY: RESIN’
Abs resin gp-toyolac 100-x01 black 6000 Kgs 853702.5 Malaysia
Acrylic resin ( durasol(tm) 374 2340 Kgs 557319.3 Thailand
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin 6000 Kgs 1094966 Korea
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin starex abs resinvh-0800/w95647 6000 Kgs 1094966 Korea
Alnovol pn 160/past ( phenolic resin) 2000 Kgs 733689.3 Germany
Alnovol pn 160/past ( phenolic resin) 1000 Kgs 366845 Germany
Alnovol pn 160/past ( phenolic resin) 1000 Kgs 366845 Germany
Alnovol pn 160/past ( phenolic resin) 2000 Kgs 733689.3 Germany
D10751857 - zytel (r) 101l nc010 nylon resin [nylon chips] 7000 Kgs 1259308 USA
D10751857 - zytel (r) 101l nc010 nylon resin [nylon chips] 7000 Kgs 1259308 USA
D10786445 - zytel (r) 45hsb nc010 nylon resin 2000 Kgs 449753 USA
D10792925 - zytel (r) 70g13hs1l bk031 nylon resin 2000 Kgs 403344 Korea
D10810516 - zytel (r) 70g33l nc010 nylon resin 3000 Kgs 467619.9 China
D10906520 - zytel (r) 103hsl nc010 nylon resin [nylon chips] 2000 Kgs 415251.4 USA
D10924154 - zytel (r) st801aw bk195 nylon resin 1000 Kgs 274780.6 USA
D11088712 - zytel (r) fr50 bk153j nylon resin 2000 Kgs 572973 China
D11354641 - zytel (r) 135f nc010 nylon resin 1000 Kgs 213786.7 USA
D14284349 - 612 nylon resin 151 nc010w-518 - nylon 612 resin 5502 Kgs 3541039 China
D14568553 - 610 resin-low viscosity 0603 dxr - nylon 610 resin 16000 Kgs 4695163 China
Db-8000 resin(s) (614gp-29768)(acryl resin paint 1616 Kgs 441153.9 Korea
Dowlex high density *2045g polyethylene resin 24750 Kgs 2755974 Singapore
Elite* 5401 g enhanced polyethylene resin 24750 Kgs 2755974 Singapore
Enhanced polyethylene resin elite 5401 g ( lldpe ) 16.5 Mts 1850148 Thailand
Enhanced polyethylene resin elite 5400 g ( lldpe ) 8.25 Mts 925074.2 Thailand
Hb-65 - polyvinyl chloride (blend resin) 6000 Kgs 682962 Korea
Hb-65 - polyvinyl chloride (blend resin) 8000 Kgs 910616 Korea

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Hdda-hexanediol diacrylate-uv resins 400 Kgs 88471.96 China

High density polyethylene hb111r (raw material for resin 14000 Kgs 1798427 Japan
High density polyethylene hb111r (raw material for resin) 53900 Kgs 6923944 Japan
High density polyethylene resin h5604f film 18250 Kgs 1922694 Thailand
Infino polycarbonate resin 5000 Kgs 742350 Korea
Infino polycarbonate resin 21586.3 Kgs 3125340 Korea
Infino polycarbonate resin sc- 5000 Kgs 742350 Korea
Infino polycarbonate resin sc-1220r 7000 Kgs 1013485 Korea
Kch-12 - polyvinyl chloride (paste resin) 2800 Kgs 382805.2 Korea
Kh-10 - polyvinyl chloride (paste resin) 5600 Kgs 758681.7 Korea
K-resin styrene butadiene copolymer kr99hg 19.5 Mts 2730732 Korea
Liner low density polyethylene adtex ft71a (raw materialfor resin) 2100 Kgs 505311.7 Japan
Lldpe (linear low density polyethylene) resin 17500 Kgs 1854461 Indonesia
Lupoy (ns5000cr ka02) (polycarbonate resin) 1000 Kgs 283772.1 Korea
Marlex high density polyethylene resin hhm 5502bn 22.0694 Mts 2203252 Saudi arabia
Marlex high density polyethylene resin hhm 5502bn 6.4641 Mts 645329.7 Saudi arabia
Marlex high density polyethylene resin hhm 5502bn 83.4665 Mts 8332701 Saudi arabia
Marlex high density polyethylene resin hhm 5502bn 16000 Kgs 1641534 Saudi arabia
Marlex high density polyethylene resin hhm tr-144 96 Mts 9643127 Saudi arabia
Marlex high density polyethylene resin hhm tr-144 20.8598 Mts 2095351 Saudi arabia
Marlex high density polyethylene resin hhm tr-144 9.774 Mts 981790.8 Saudi arabia
Marlex high density polyethylene resin hhm tr-144 1.3662 Mts 137233.7 Saudi arabia
Methylated melamine resin mr-603lf graco:rn6277 8000 Kgs 918259.7 Taiwan
Methylated melamine resin mr-603lf graco:rn6277 8000 Kgs 933017.8 Taiwan
nylon compound chip (nylonresin) polyamide resin 2000 Kgs 904429.8 Thailand
Nylon resin - zytel (r) 1000 Kgs 289709.5 Germany
Nylon resin (om) (primary forms) 600 Kgs 168530 Korea
Nylon resin (ryn) (primary forms) 1000 Kgs 280883.5 Korea
Nylon resin, (zytel 45hsb nc010 25 kg bag-d10786445) 1000 Kgs 343127.3 USA
Pa1302 - polyvinyl chloride (blend resin) 3000 Kgs 404580.8 Korea
Paraloid b44 100% graco:rc0194 (acrylic resin) 4352 Kgs 1723044 USA
Pmma resin grade : ih830c (4006) (poly methyl methacrylate) 8250 Kgs 1325092 Korea
Pmma resin grade : ih830c (4006) (poly methyl methacrylate) 750 Kgs 120463 Korea
Pmma resin grade :ih830c (4006) (polymethyl methacrylate) 9000 Kgs 1445555 Korea
Pmma resin grade :ih830c (np) (polymethyl methacrylate) 5250 Kgs 756878.9 Korea
Pmma resin grade :ih830c (np) (polymethyl methacrylate) 5250 Kgs 756878.9 Korea
Pmma resin grade: hi855m(np)(polymethyle methacrylate) 100 Kgs 22241.21 Korea
Pmma resin grade: hi855m(np)(polymethyle methacrylate) 100 Kgs 22241.21 Korea
Pmma resin grade: ih830c (2001) (polymethyl methacrylate) 250 Kgs 40154.32 Korea
Pmma resin grade: ih830c (2001) (polymethyl methacrylate) 400 Kgs 64246.91 Korea
Polyacetal resin duracon (r) m90-44 cf 2001 natural 12000 Kgs 1057228 Malaysia
Polyacetal resin duracon (r) m90-45 cf 2001 natural 4000 Kgs 855146.8 Malaysia
Polyacetal resin kepital f25-03 nat 17.175 Mts 1423214 Korea
Polyacetal resin kepital fg2025 nat 0.5 Mts 68695.15 Korea
Polyacetal resin kepital mb-s315 0.2 Mts 46823.6 Korea
Polyamide resin type:rilsan besn black p40 tl 6959 Kgs 3622887 China

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Polyamide resin type:rilsan besn black p40 tl 1441 Kgs 750191.1 China
Polycarbonate -red orange (7025l-1 clr09) resin 307 Kgs 149644.7 Japan
Polycarbonate resin 16000 Kgs 2410163 Thailand
Polycarbonate resin 17000 Kgs 2502957 Korea
Polycarbonate resin infino sc-1220r ( 17000 Kgs 2502957 Korea
Polycarbonate resin infino sc-1220r (coo/no.060-14-00038) 17000 Kgs 2502957 Korea
Polycarbonate resin panlite / mn3600ha/blk/pb(d) 13000 Kgs 2450846 Singapore
Polycarbonate resin panlite / mn3600ha/blk/pb(d) 3000 Kgs 565579.8 Singapore
Polycarbonate resin panlite l1225z100 natural ( 16000 Kgs 2365622 Singapore
Polymethyl methacrylate resin 17500 Kgs 2603337 Korea
Polymethyl methacrylate sumipex acrylic resin (grade lg) 2350.35 Kgs 311330.9 Singapore
Polymethyl methacrylate sumipex acrylic resin (grade lg2s) 993.4 Kgs 131587.3 Singapore
Polymethyl methacrylate sumipex acrylic resin (grade me) 6000 Kgs 794769 Singapore
Polymethyl methacrylate sumipex acrylic resin (grade me) 6000 Kgs 794769 Singapore
Polymethyl methacrylate sumipex acrylic resin grade 21000 Kgs 2878727 Singapore
Polypropylene resin 6331 17000 Kgs 1829893 Taiwan
Polypropylene resin 6331 17000 Kgs 1829893 Taiwan
Polypropylene resin black (h100t) 2562.89 Kgs 174528.7 Thailand
Polypropylene resin black (h100t) 15943.7 Kgs 1085737 Thailand
Polypropylene resin black (h100t) 40228.5 Kgs 2739494 Thailand
Polypropylene resin black (h100t) 18765 Kgs 1277865 Thailand
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade 5 Mts 575321.3 Korea
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade no: 6 Mts 687567.6 Korea
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade no:mt42iba p5 13 Mts 1489730 Korea
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade no:mt42iba p5 7 Mts 802162.2 Korea
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade no:mt42tbi p5 2 Mts 229189.2 Korea
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade no:mt62cs1 p5 6 Mts 687567.6 Korea
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade no:mt62cs1 p5 1 Mts 114594.6 Korea
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade no:mt62cs5 p5 15 Mts 1718919 Korea
Polypropylene resin desp pp grade no:mt62cs5 p5 10 Mts 1145946 Korea
Polypropylene resin noblen gph5157 11750 Kgs 2316536 Japan
Polypropylene resin pp-11270-kp6063wt 1200 Kgs 129381 China
Polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade : s-65(powder form) 64000 Kgs 4513488 Taiwan
Polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade : s-65d(powder form) 90000 Kgs 6347093 Taiwan
Polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade: 76000 Kgs 5314479 Korea
Polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade:ls100e(powderform) 72000 Kgs 4946051 Korea
Polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade:ls100h(powderform 57000 Kgs 4065576 Korea
Polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade:ls100h(powderform) 57000 Kgs 4065576 Korea

RS.
CHEMICALS IMPORTED
Polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade:ls100h(powderform)( 57000 Kgs 3985859 Korea

Pvc resin suspension grade s65d 10308 Kgs 726953.7 Taiwan
Pvc resin suspension grade s65d 20307 Kgs 1432116 Taiwan
Pvc resin suspension grade s-65d 34000 Kgs 2388004 Taiwan
S polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade: 192000 Kgs 13130323 Japan
S polyvinyl chloride resin suspension grade: tk-1000(powder form 208000 Kgs 14224517 Japan
Sukorez su-400, (hydrocarbon resin) 14 Mts 2580904 Korea
Sumilite resin grade: valodur 3001 (phenolic resin) 12000 Kgs 1609082 Indonesia
Tmpta-trimethylolpropane triacrylate-uv resins 6000 Kgs 1090497 China
Trirex (3022r-sm 3318ae ) (polycarbonate resin) 1500 Kgs 561307.5 Korea
Trirex (3025u wh3432ab) (polycarbonate resin) 5500 Kgs 1564177 Korea
Trirex (3025u wh3432ac) (polycarbonate resin) 5500 Kgs 1564177 Korea
Zytel(r) e51hsb nc010 25kg bag nylon resin 10000 Kgs 2376483 USA
Zytel(r) e51hsb nc010 25kg bag nylon resin 10000 Kgs 2376483 USA
CATEGORY: WAX
Alexwax 600 (fully refined paraffin wax) 80000 Kgs 7288951 Egypt
Fully refined paraffin wax 16 Mts 1469853 China
Fully refined paraffin wax m.p. 58/60 deg.c.( 61.5 Mts 5178062 China
Fully refined paraffin wax m.p. 58/60 deg.c.(kunlun brand) 61.5 Mts 5136134 China
Fully refined paraffin wax m.p. 58/60 deg.c.(kunlun brand) 61.5 Mts 5115170 China
Fully refined paraffin wax 125/130 7840 Kgs 937514.8 Japan
Fully refined paraffin wax 125/130 15680 Kgs 1910908 Japan
Fully refined paraffin wax 125/130 7840 Kgs 951554.1 Japan
Fully refined paraffin wax 58/60 21 Mts 1916191 China
Fully refined paraffin wax 58/60 42 Mts 3855554 China
Fully refined paraffin wax 58/60 5000 Kgs 459143.5 China
Fully refined paraffin wax 58/60 42000 Kgs 3855554 China
Fully refined paraffin wax grade:125/130 15680 Kgs 1926507 Japan
Fully refined paraffin wax grade:140/145 15680 Kgs 1877611 Japan
Paraffin wax (oil content 0.5%) 21 Mts 1963375 China
Paraffin wax (oil content 0.5%) 21 Mts 1963375 China
Paraffin wax fully refined # 66 20 Mts 1891427 China
Shell gtl sarawax sx60s - paraffin wax 40000 Kgs 3289980 Malaysia
Wax ozo ace-0017 ( paraffin wax) 1280 Kgs 805195 Japan
Microcrystalline wax - multiwax w-445 (iso tank cntr) 19720 Kgs 2598448 USA

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Volume 22 Issue 3 December 2014

Dedicated to the cause of chemical industry

* CRUDE PRICE FALL - WILL THE EUPHORIA

* FOCUS ON HFO 1234 yf - NEXT GENERATION REFRIGERANT

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 1

Editorial & Administrative Office: 05 Shutting down sick PSUs

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 2

CRUDE PRICE FALL - WILL THE EUPHORIA

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 3

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 4

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 5

The Tatas tied up with Sasol, as Sasol

The Tata‘s project involves setting up a

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 6

All subsequent milestones, such as forest clearance, environmental clearance and

Government of India should recognize

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 7

Mr.P.N.Devarajan a renowned chemical engineer and former

Highlights of the speech delivered by Mr.P.N.Devarajan is given in this article

Heavy crude oil – current scenario

* Poor geologic reservoir sealing exposes the hydrocarbon to surface contaminants,

* There are two main types of heavy crude oil:

* Most heavy oil production processes

Heavy crude oil – Current scenario

Total world oil reserves

Extra heavy oil

Global heavy oil scenario

S.No. Oil type Region Current reserve

1 Tar sands Alberta, Canada 179

Technology development – Pristec Inc

* Pristec, an innovation based global company, is offering technology solution to convert

* The process is known as activation by a special technique developed at Pristec AG

* In summary, it is a crude feed preparation technology enabling high level of refining

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 9

Solution by cold cracking technology

* Pristec‘s technology is based on ‗cold cracking‘, incorporating the principles of

Objectives and impact of the cold cracking technology

4. Cold cracking technology is the first in the world to remove sulphur in

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 10

Three types of crackers

Hydrogen cold cracking unit

Carbon cold cracking unit

Sulphur cold cracking unit

It destabilizes sulphur components in the molecular structure of crude.Sulphur is cracked to

Cold cracking technology’s role in

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 11

* Selling price of diesel is $125 /Bbl

* Selling price of fuel oil is $100 / Bbl

(i) additional revenue of about 450 million USD by 2016\

(ii) Subsequently would yield 700 million USD by 2018

GLOBAL LICENSORS OF TECHNOLOGY, CONSULTANTS

NANDINI CONSULTANCY CENTRE,

Tel: 044- 43511945,

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 12

Seminar was well attended by engineers, IT professionals, social activists

Highlights of the observations and recommendations made in the seminar

 Lack of cleanliness in public places may be a sociological problem in India.

* Governments at various levels are

* The so called celebrities and

* Integrated waste management programme can be developed only by

Nandini Chemical Journal, December,2014 Page 13

* Cleanliness in public and private life must be introduced as a compulsory

* Government must encourage and recognise the formation of pressure