(George Washington's Wartime Household, Staff, Food, and Equipment Washington Papers (Library of Congress) Revolutionary War Accounts Vouchers and Receipted Accounts

George Washington’s Wartime Household, Staff, Food, and Equipment
Washington Papers (Library of Congress)

Revolutionary War Accounts Vouchers and Receipted Accounts
(Compiled by John U. Rees and Neal T. Hurst)
Appended is a list of other works discussing General Washington’s wartime household, including
supervisors and servants:
Arthur S. Lefkowitz, George Washington’s Indispensable Men: The 32 Aides-de-Camp Who Helped
Win American Independence (Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 2003)
Nancy K. Loane, Following the Drum: Women at the Valley Forge Encampment (Washington, D.C.:
Potomac Books, 2009)
R. Scott Stephenson, Philip C. Mead, Mark A. Turdo, Matthew Skic, Among His Troops:
Washington’s War Tent in a Newly Discovered Watercolor (Philadelphia, Pa.: Museum of the
American Revolution, 2019)
Kimberly K. Walters, A Book of Cookery (Privately printed, 2014)

____________________________
Key to Names of Household Staff and Servants
A note to the August 5, 1775 account entry states, “A complete list of the names of the servants at
Headquarters in 1775 is difficult to give. Those we know were Edward Hunt, a cook; Mrs. Morrison,
kitchen-woman; Mary Kettel, washerwoman; Eliza Chapman, Timothy Austin, James Munro, Dinah, a
negro woman, and Peter, a negro man; William Lee, Washington's body-servant and generally known as
‘Billy,’ was there, of course.” Besides William Lee, the new army commander may have brought some of
the other named servants from his Virginia home. A supporting annotation to the September 1 1776 entry
is even more expansive, providing some insights into a relatively large retinue:
“The record of servants at Headquarters for the year 1776, while probably not entirely complete, furnishes
us with the following names in addition to those mentioned in the preceding year: Patrick McGuire, who
came from Philadelphia to act as steward and served from May, 1776, until March, 1778; Hannah [Till],
the negro servant of Rev. John Mason; she was to receive 40s. a month which were to be left in the hands
of Captain Gibbs until £58 had accumulated, after which she was to receive her wages herself to be
applied to the purchase of her freedom; Servant Jack and Sailor Jack [these two appear to be different
individuals]; Margaret Thomas, who did sewing in February, 1776, and washing from October, 1776, to
February, 1778; Negro James; Stephen Sims; Negroes Lydia, Jenny, Cato, and Isaac, the latter a servant
of Captain John Johnson, of Bergen county, New Jersey. He was to receive 40s. a month of his wages of
£7; he also cooked for Washington from June, 1777, to June, 1780; John and Frank, hostlers; a Mrs. Lake
and Peggy. John Whitehead also served at Headquarters from April, 1776, for one year at a wage of $5
per month.”
General George Washington’s Accounts of Expenses, 1775-1783 (While Commander-in-Chief of the
Continental Army 1775-1783, Reproduced in Facsimile with Annotations by John C. Fitzpatrick)
(Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1917), 11, 35-36, 73.
(Photo courtesy of Cheyney McKnight)
See also:
‘Lately apprehended in the first Maryland regiment …’: African American Women with
the Continental Army, https://www.scribd.com/document/449822947/Lately-apprehended-
in-the-first-Maryland-regiment-African-American-Women-with-the-Continental-Army
General George Washington’s Field Headquarters (Images of tents and equipment,

original and recreations), https://www.scribd.com/document/452774430/General-George-
Washington-s-Field-Headquarters-Images-of-tents-and-equipment-original-and-
recreations
(Note: Images of Gen. Washington’s camp equipage are interspersed with the
appended material. These items were handled and/or utilized by his servants,
both free and enslaved.)
One of George Washington’s folding camp stools. Wooden frame and leather seat. Made circa 1776.
Dimensions: 17" H x 26" W x 15" D. Catalog Number: 79371M; Accession Number: 319870.
National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. https://tinyurl.com/Mount-Vernon
William McIntire, steward

(313) William McIntire to Caleb Gibbs, September 19, 1779, Revolutionary War Accounts,
Vouchers, and Receipted Accounts 1
“Head Quarters West-
point 19th: Septr. 1779
Received of Major Gibbs one hundred &
twenty dollars in full for 12 months Extra
pay @ 10 dollars pr. month. allowed by
His Excellency for my acting as Stewart to His family
Wm. McIntire”
Daniel Dyer, cook
(325) Daniel Dyer to Caleb Gibbs, January 1, 1780, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
Receipted Accounts 1
“Received of Major Caleb Gibbs
one hundred & tenty dollars being for
15/ months extra pay at 8 dollars pr. month
for assisting in the Coocking in His
Excellency General Washington’s family
Daniel Dyer”
Jane Irwin, maidservant, 13th July 1776 to the 23d. April 1777
_____________
George Washington Papers, Series 5, Financial Papers: Revolutionary War Vouchers and
Receipted Accounts, 1776 -1780
Caleb Gibbs and Mary Smith 1776 to 80 Revolutionary War Household Expenses
Image 416
“Cash Paid to Servants Belonging to Genll. Washington’s Family”
1776
July: 15 Negro Hannah;
25 Sailor Jack, Negro Hannah
August: 14 Servant Lydia, Molatto
September: 3 Negro Isaac
13 Servant Jenny
October: 7 “Servant Girl – Dismiss by Mr. Thompson”
15 Negro Hannah, Negro Isaac – servant
November: 19 Isaac, Servant Jack
27 “Isaac; Servant”
December: 26 Servant Isaac, Servant Jenny
29 “Cash paid Jack when at Mr. Barclay’s”
1777
Image 466
January: 7 Servant Jenny
8 “To pair breeches @ Servant Jack”
February: 17 Servant Jenny, Negro Hannah, Servant Isaac
Images 467, 468

April: 20 “To Cash Mr. Thompson paid Isaac”
23 “To Cash paid Mr. Thompson for his services,” “To Cash paid Servant Jane for Balance of
Acct.,” “To Cash paid Sailor Jack on balance for wages”
Image 470
June: 3 “To Servant Isaac & Hannah pay up to this day paid”
8 “To Cash paid Servant John as hostler for 2 months”
Image 474
July: 29 “To Cash paid Frank the Hostler”
[A hostler or ostler is a groom or stableman, who is employed in a stable to take care of horses,
usually at an inn.]
Images 475, 478

August: 4 Servant Isaac, “Frank the Genll. Hostler”
31 Frank
Image 481
September: 28 Servant Isaac
Image 482
October: 2 Servant Isaac
October: 10 Servant Isaac
13 Servant Isaac
1778
Image 486
February: 14 “Frank the hostler,” Servant Isaac
Image 489
April: 6 “To Cash paid Margret Thomas for washing from 20th. October to the 20th Feby. 78”
Image 501
October: 30 “To Cash paid Servant Isaac in full for his part of wages according to agreement”
Image 503
November: 17 “To Cash paid Francis Merryman the hostler”
Image 504
December: 19 “To Cash paid the Revrd. John Mason for Servant Hannah’s wages in full as pr. receipt”
1779
Image 516
September: 19 Francis Merryman “Hostler to the General,” Elnathan Sanderson “Extra pay as hostler to
His Excelly.,” William McIntire “Extra pay in full as Acting Stewart to His Excellency Family”
1780
Image 520
January: 1 Daniel Dyer “extra wages as cook”
Image 521
March: 12 “To Cash pd. Bilded Edwards as stewart (extra …”
Image 522
April: 1 Elnathan Sanderson “hostler to the Genl.”
Gen. George Washington’s headquarters tents, reproduced by craftspeople at Colonial
Williamsburg, in conjunction with the Museum of the American Revolution. The sleeping
marquee is on the left; the large dining marquee to the right. The storage tent (a
horseman’s or wall tent) is just visible behind and to the left of the dining marquee.
(Photo courtesy of the Museum of the American Revolution, Philadelphia, Pa.)
Selected Transcriptions (Chronological)
1775
George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799: Series 5 Financial Papers
1775-1783, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and Receipted Accounts 2
Giles Alexander to George Washington, July 25, 1775, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
Image 25 (breeches for servant)
“Cambridge July 25th 1775
His Excellency George Washington Esqr. to Giles Alexander Taylor
General & Commander in chief of the United forces
To making a pair of breeches for yr. Servant £ 0_4

2 ¼ yds. Royal Ribb @ 5/8 12_9
trimming 2
Buttons 1_8
Linnen for Pockets &c 1
Recvde The [illegible] In full £ 1”1”.5

Giles Alexander”
John G. Frazer to Ebenezer Austin, April 1, 1776, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
Ebenezer Austin was steward to George Washington’s household in 1775 and 1776. His account book for
those years may be accessed at:
https://www.loc.gov/item/mgw500025/
Ebenezer Austin, 1775-76, Revolutionary War Household Expense Accounts

Image 13
August 2 1775
“Paid Mr. Hunt”
Image 17
August 8 1775
“Edward Hunt paid him”
Image 19
August 12 1775
Image 25
August 19 1775
“Timothy Austin paid him”
Image 27
August 23 1775
Image 29
August 23 1775
“Timothy Austin paid him in full for one Month”
Image 31
August 26 1775
“Edwd Hunt paid [illegible]”
Image 41
September 9 1775
Image 45
September 19 1775
“Edward Hunt paid his Wife”
Image 47
September 19 1775
“Edward Hunt paid him in full for his service in the Kitchen to the 14th Instant”
Image 67
October 28 1775
“Paid Mrs Morris the Kitchen Woman”
Image 17
November 18 1775
“Paid Mrs Morrison (the Kitchen Woman)”
November 20 1775
“[Steward] Timothy Austin paid him to 15th Instant”
Image 27
December 11 1775
“Paid Mr. Hyde for two Rose Blankets as p Accot” 2 pounds 8 shillings
One of General Washington’s canteens, made to be carried on a packhorse. “To supplement their
often bland military rations, officers of means invested in canteens: small, lidded cases divided into
lined compartments harboring glass bottles filled with wine, liquor, and condiments. George
Washington is believed to have owned the three canteens featured here. Heavily worn, they may
have been acquired during his military service during the French and Indian War or the American
Revolution. They were among the handful of original Washington objects left at Mount Vernon
when the Association purchased the property in 1860.“ Dimensions: Overall (C.1: canteen), 14 1/8
in. x 12 in. x 15 1/2 in. (35.89 cm x 30.48 cm x 39.37 cm); Overall (C.2: liner), 6 1/4 in. x 11 3/4 in. x 8
1/4 in. (15.88 cm x 29.85 cm x 20.96 cm). Object Number: W-350/C.1-C.2. Collections of Mount
Vernon. https://tinyurl.com/Mount-Vernon
1776
Ebenezer Austin, 1775-76, Revolutionary War Household Expense Accounts
Image 43
January 17 1776
“Timo Austin paid him in part”
Image 47
January 24 1776
“Timo Austen paid him in full to the 15th Instant”
Image 57
February 15 1776
“Timothy Austen paid him in full to this Date”
Image 63
February 22 1776
“Paid Margaret Thomas for making three shirts for Willm as p Rect”
Image 67
5 March 1776
“Paid Mrs. Hunt for washing the servts. Linnen as pr. Accot.”
Image 79
March 30 1776
Paid “Negro James for shoes & stockings”
(Image 83)
April 1776
“Paid Mrs. Hunt for washing the servts. Cloaths pr. Accot.”
Paid “Eliza. Chapman 6 months wages Due this Day.
Paid “Dinah her wages 8 months & Nineteen Days”
Paid “Timothy Austin from the 15th last month 25 Days”
Caleb Gibbs and Mary Smith, ND, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and Receipted
Accounts #1
Image 3
His Excellency General Washgton to Mrs. Vanhorne Dr
1776
To 25 bottles wine @8/ - £10-
To 12 do do @ 4/6 - £2/14
Received the contents £12/14
Ann Van Horne
Accounts #1
Image 21
Excellency George Washington Dr
To George Ball
March 11, 1776
2 China Mugs £0/6/0
1 China Teapot £0/5/0
1 (illeg) pan
2 sauce pans
2 large potts
2 large fry pans
2 sett large burnt china cups and saucers
1 quart burnt china bowl
2 china mugs 3 wash basons
1 sett large china
2 chamber pots
2 water guglets
2 ¼ sets large china cups and saucers
2 quart decanters
2 wine and claret cases
2 quart mugs
1 sauce pan
26 neat wine glasses
3 cupps and saucers
2 (illeg)
4 pair cut salts
1 china tea pot
1 sugar dish and milk pot
1 (illeg)
1 tea pot
1 sugar dish and milk pot
1 china bowl
6 pint decanters
1 large oval pot
1 large sauce pan
2 tea pots
2 mugs
Richard Peacock to George Lewis, April 3, 1776, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
Image 107 (making coat for coachman)
“His Excellency George Washington Esqr.
To Richard Peacock …
[several entries not transcribed, not pertinent]
Mending Coat for Coachman 0–2–
Mending Coat & breeches 0 – 3- 0
Mending 1 pr breeches for Peter 0–1-
£ 4 – 5 – 0 …”
[Reverse]
“Cambridg April 3d 1776 …”
Accounts #1
Image 5
His Excellency General Washington, April 13, 1776
Bought of John Clark
2 setts red ivory handled table knives and forks £9/0/0
2 mahogany cases for do £11/0/0
2 sett black handled table knives and forks silver tipt £6/5/0
18 pair green dessert ivory handled £3/0/0
2 large tea waiters £4/8/0
1 small do do £0/2/6
£33/15/6
April 23 Recd the contents in full John Clark
Accounts #1
Image 7
Mrs. Smith bt. Of John Slidell
(illeg) @2/ £0/2/0
April 14, 1776
12 Dip Candles @10/ £ 0/10/0
6 moulds do @11d £0/5/6
£0/17/6
Received the contents, John Slidell
Accounts #1
Image 9
New York, 16 April 1776
Mrs. Smith to Mrs. Harper Dr for Washing the Generals
cloaths 63 doz at 9/6 £11/0/6
To 4 counter pains white £0/12/0
To 1 do callicoe £0/2/0
£11/14/6
To Washing Mr. Washington’s small clothes £1/1/1
Mrs. Smith do to Mrs. Kernekebocker for washing
The Generals cloaths 30 doz 3/6 £5/5/0
To washing Mr. Lewis cloaths 7 weeks £1/15/0 [total] £19/15/7
Accounts #1
Image 11
His Excellency General Washington Esq
Bt of John Slidell
April 23, 1776
1 ferkin sope @ 6/ £0/6/0
20lbs dipped candles @ 10d £0/16/8
£1/2/8
Accounts #1
Image 13
His Excellency General Washington bt James Deas
April 10, 1776
To a feather bed, bolster, and pillow £9/0/0
To a turine £2/0/0
To 8 doz of plates £2/2/0
To 8 china mugs £1/17/0
£14/19/0
Received May 8th 1776 from Mrs Smith
The (illeg) in full pr Mr. J S. Deas
Accounts #1
Image 15
Mrs. Smith DR F. Rhinelander
April 16, 1776
To China 2 quart bowls 8/ £0/16/0
To 1 doz plates £8/0
To 1 pr sauce boats £2/6
To 2 pudding dishes £3/9
To 1 do small plates £5/6
To 3 wash basons £6/
April 25
To 1 Pitcher (illeg) 4/6 1 do 3/ £9/6
To 2 half pint mugs 10d 2 pudding dishes 2/6 £5/10
To 2 wash basons 3/ 1 brown mug 2/ £5/0
To 2 Earthern dishes 2/6 2 setts cups and saucers 5/ £7/6
To 2 oval dishes 3/ (illeg) 6d £3/6
April 29
To 2 oval dishes 3/ 1 fruit basket 5/6 £8/6
To 1 China bowl 7/6 £5/6
May 4
To 2 oval dishes 2/6 1 pudding dish 2/6 £7/6
To 1 dozen plates 8/6 ½ doz (illeg) 8/8 £11/6
To 2 chamber pots 2/9 1 soup dish 1/3 £6/9
To 3 plates (illeg?) 9d 2 Wash Basons 2/ £6/9
To 1 milk jug £6
£5/19/7
£5/12/3 [total] £11/11/10
Washington’s mess chest and utensils. “George Washington's well-appointed personal camp chest
… enabled him to dine in a manner reflecting his position as commander of the Continental Army.
Two sets of leather covered canteens, or camp chests, were bought by General Washington, on May
3, 1776. Another set of ‘canteens’ captured on a British prize ship were sent for Washington's use in
October 1778. By 1782, General Washington's camp equipage which included canteens, tents,
tables, traveling beds, and various other field equipment, was so extensive that he had to request
that two horses, ‘natural pacers,’ be selected by the Quartermaster General, Timothy Pickering,
just to carry the General's camp chests. We do not know which of the several camp chests
belonging to Washington is in our collections; however, this example is complete with all original
utensils. It contains tin plates and platters, tin pots with detachable wooden handles, glass
containers for condiments such as salt, pepper, and sugar, as well as knives and forks with dyed
black ivory handles. The chest also contains a tinder box, candle stand, and folding gridiron.” Made
1775-1776. Dimensions: overall, 10 3/4 in x 21 1/4 in x 14 in; 27.305 cm x 53.975 cm x 35.56 cm.
ID Number: AF.016111; Accession Number: 13152. National Museum of American History,
Smithsonian Institution. https://tinyurl.com/Mount-Vernon
Accounts #1
Image 17
1 2 quart pitcher £4/
2 oval dishes 5/3 £10/6
4 do 3/9 £/15/
4 do 2/9 £/10
4 do 1/6 £/6
2 pudding dishes 2/ £/4
2 5 ½ dia plates 7/6 £2/1/3
2 earthen dishes £1/6
2 sauce boats £0/2/0
1 mustard pot £/9
1 do £/9
2 sauce boats £/2
1 doz cream small plates £5/6
1 bowl £/2
2 chamber pots 2/16 £ /5
£5/10/3
3 bowls £/2
£5/12/3
Accounts #1
Image 19
His Excellency George Washington
New York May 1776
Bot of Dorothy Shewcraft
1 pr and irons £5/10/0
1 scotch carpet £3/0/0
Recvd the contents in full
£8/10/0
Accounts #1
Image 33
May 10 1776, G. Washington
1 Chest (illeg)
Do 15 DO Kettles – straight
Mr Reed to 1 large box
Accounts #1
Image 45
His excellency Genl Washington
June 7, 1776
Bot of George Ball
1 dozen cut glass wine glasses
1 dozen do do do
3 pint decanters
Plunket Fleeson to George Washington, May 11, 1776, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
Receipted Accounts 2 (Image 121).
[Partial transcription]
Coll Joseph Read To His Excellency Genl Washington
Philada May 4th 1776 To Plunket Fleeson
To making a large Dining Marquee with

Double Front 4-0-0
-- making another large Marquee with a Chamber
of ticken, Arch’d 5-10-6 …
-- making a large Baggage Tent 1-10-0 …
21 yds. Canvas for Seating &c. @ 3/ 3-3-0
27 Gross large hooks & eyes 15/ 1-17-6
12 yds. guard lace 6d 0-6-0
3 Sett tent poles jointed & painted |--- 40/ 6-0-0
Iron work &c |
10 turned tops painted 1/ 0-10-0 …
12 doz. tent pins 1/6 0-18-0
5 doz. tuners 2/ 0-10-0
200 buttons, 4 Malletts 0-12-0 …
To 18 wallnut camp stools, [illegible], |-- @ 15/ 3-10-0
brass nails, girth, tacks, & bottoming |
3 wallnut Camp tables @ 20/ 3-0-0
3 packing Cases Iron clamp’d @ 10/ 1-10-0
Accounts #1
Image 77
His Excellency George Washington
New York May 11, 1776
To repairing bells
To a bird spit
May 31
To mending a lock
June 24
To altering, cleaning and fixing ye jack
To a key for ye lock of ye office
August
To a key for a truck lock
To oiling ye jack 6 times and oil for it
To 1 doz skewers
Accounts #1
His Excellency Gen Washington To John Osborne – DR
June 1, 1776
To 2 (illeg) for sacking bottom bed steads
To 9 days work @ 7/6 per day for moving and repairing furniture
To a hinge to the cellar door
(55) Mary Smith to George Washington, July 10, 1776, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
and Receipted Accounts 1
“Hi Excellency G. Washington to Mary Smith
To 3 months wages for the cook at 40/ £ 6 - -
To 1 month & 5 weeks wages for Hanah a 20/ 1-5-
To 2 months for black polly a 18/ 1–16–
To 1 month for Mary 20/ 1 - -
To 1 month for Mrs Wilson 16/ -16–
To 3 months for White Polly 16/ 2–8–
To 4 Pigs 9/ 1–14
To cash paid for the freight of the Camp kettles 15–1
To Cash paid Sailor John 17
New York 10th July. 1776 £ 16–9–1
Received ye Above account in full Mary Smith”
Richard Peacock to George Washington, October 2, 1776, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
Image 145 (servants cloathes)
“His Excellency Genl Washington
N York to Richd Peacock
1776
May 10th To Mending a Coat for William £ 0..3..0
To Mending 2 Coats for the Coachman 0..4..0
13 To Mendg 2 Waistcoats& 2 Great Coats for do 0..5..0
To 2 yds. Shalln for Sleeve Lynings _ @ 2/6 0..5..0
To Making 2 pair Breeches for William 0..8..0
To 3 yds Russia Drabb for the above @ 6/ 0..18..0
To 1 Yard Linen for Pocketts & lyning 0..5..0
To Thread & Buttons 2/. Mendg Breeches for Pete 1/ 0..3..0
Lawfull Money £ 2..11..0
1777
(127) Elizabeth Thompson, February 10, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“Cash paid for sundrys by Mrs. Thompson for the Use
of the General[s] family at Newtown from 18th. Feby. To 20th.
April inclusive 1777.
To 6 fowls @ 1/6, 9/ To 2 ducks 4/ £ 13-0
To Eggs 5/ To 4 fowls @ 1/6 .. 6/ 11-
25 To 1 boom[?] 2/ To Cabbage 1/6 3-6
March 10 To 1 quarter Veal 5/8 To 1 quarter Veal 6/ 11-8
To 6 fouls omitted the 10th 10s To Eggs 6/ 16
19 To pigeons 4/ To 1 quarter Veal 4/8 10-8
26 To 3 ducks @ 2/ 6/ To 4 fouls @ 2/ 8 14-
April 4 To Eggs 4/ To 8 lb butter @ 2/6 20/ [?]-4-0
10 To 2 quarters Veal 10/ To fish 7/6 17-6
To 6 fouls @ 1/6 9/ To Eggs 4/6 13-6
To 4 lb butter @ 2/6 10/ To 1 barrell Beer 35/ 2-5-0
£ 9-10-10
(139) Augustine Bayles to Unknown, April 15, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“A Firkin [*] of Butter …
april: 15. 1777 £ 12..0..0
Delivered the butter to the Negro Man & receivd the Cash
for the same Receivd by Me Augustine Bayles”
[* firkin – about 11 gallons or 41 liters]
(145) Jane Irwin to Caleb Gibbs, April 23, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“Newtown 23d. April 1777
Received of Capt. Caleb Gibbs ten Shillings Pensylvania money in full for my wages as a Maid servant in
His Excellency General Washington’s family from the 13th July 1776 to the 23d. April 1777 at the Rate of
20s New York money P Month – her
Jane X Irwin
Mark”
(149) John Galloway to George Washington, April 28, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts,
Bill for making a coat, two waistcoats, and two pair of breeches.
(153) Carpenter Wharton to George Washington, May 8, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“Philada. May ye 8th. 1777
Invoice of Sundries sent to his Excellency Genl. Washington
By Carpenter Wharton Pr: order Major Gibbs
In a Cask No 1 252 Lb Loaf Sugar a 4/9 £ 59..18..2 ½
In 2 Casks 2 2..2..3 N. Whole Biscuit a 60/ £ 7..11..8

[Cask No.] 3 Casks & Coopering 10 8..1..8
In 2 Boxes 4 20 Lb Green Tea 70/ £ 70..0..0

5 12 Lb Pepper 14/ 8..8..0
24 Bottles Mustard 4/3 5..2 –
3 Do. [Supr or Supa] Fine 2/9 0..8..3
½ Bushell Almonds 1..17..6
9 Quarts Shell barks [*] 0..9 –
2 Bottles Lime Juice 1..10 –
£ 87..14..9
In a Cask N 6 18 Gammons 324 Lb a 1/6 23..1 –
£ 178..15..7 ½
[* possibly hickory nuts]
(151) Mease & Caldwell to Caleb Gibbs, May 5, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
Servants livery
May 5, 1777
Captain Caleb Gibbs – to the United States of American
3 ½ yards drab broadcloth for General Washington’s servants
3 yards red Durant
2 ¼ yards French linen
4 pages drilling breeches
4 drilling vests
Emanuel Dabney in Washington livery suit.

(Apparel made by Neal T. Hurst)
(161) John Johnson to Caleb Gibbs, June 3, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“Head Quarters Middle Brook 3d June 1777
Received of Captain Caleb Gibbs forty seven pounds Eighteen shillings New York Currency in full for
my servant Isaac as wages as Cook to His Excellency General Washington – from the 1st day of July 1776
to the last day of May 1777 which makes Eleven months at the rate of six pounds Pr Month John
Johnson”
“Head Quarters Middle Brook 3d June 1777
Received of Captain Caleb Gibbs sixteen Pounds ten shillings N-York Currency in full in behalf of Mr.
John [Mason?] for his servant Hannah as wage, she being in the service of His Excellency General
Washington’s family from the 26th day of June 1776 to the 26th of May 1777 making Eleven months at
30s N.York Currency Pr Month.
In behalf of
John Johnson”
(173) Daniel Smith to George Washington, August 6, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
“His Excellency General Washington in Acct. with Daniel Smith
1777. S D
st
July 31 , To Amt. of the Supper bill p Acct. of Pticulars here with £ 15..0..0
To Do. for the Servants P Do 4..1..6
Augt. 1st, To 21 Breakfasts for Gentn 5..5..0
To 12 Do. for the Servants Grog Cyder Porter &c 3..12..0
To Porter Cyder & Punch for Gentn. 0..19..6
To Servts. Dinners & Suppers &c. when the Genll. was away
P Acct. of Pticulars 13..4..3
2d, To 20 Gentns. Breakfasts 5..0..0
12 Servts. Do. 45/ And 3 Bowls Grog 15/ 3..0..0
To Amt. of Servants Dinner & Supper Grog, Toddy [and]
the Barbers Bill P Acct. 10..7..9
To The Gentns. Supper & Punch p Acct. 3..7..0
To Amt. of the Dinner Bill 35..8..0
3d. To 15 Gentns. Breakfasts 3..15..0
To 12 Servts. Breakfasts & Dinners, Grog, Toddy, &c.
P Acct. Suppers &c. 9..10..0
To Amt. of the Gentns. Dinner Bill 17..19..3
To Do. …. Do. Supper Bill 3..11..3
To Do Servants Suppers 45/ Grog 10/ 2..15..0
4th, To Amt. of Acct. of Mad[eir]a, Spirits, Porter, Gammon,
Smoak’d beef, Bread, Bisket, &c. Stores Sent to the Boat P Acct. 23..15..6
To 27 Gentn. Breakfasts & Cordials before they set out P Acct. 7..10..0
To Punch for the Gentn. In No. 4. 15/ Breakfasts & Dinner for
the Servts. P Acct. 7..5..6
To Amt. of Supper Bill when the Genl: Came back P. Acct. 29..5..6
To Servts. Suppers, Grog Toddy &c P acct. 3..12..0
5th, To 28 Gentn. Breakfasts £ 7 paper 7/6 7..7..6
To Amt. of Servts. Breakfasts & 16 Servt. Dinners
Grog & Toddy P Acct. 9..18..6
To Amt. of Gents. Dinner Bill 36..14..0
Lodgings 4..0..
£ 263..4..0
Received the above in full the 6th. Augt: 1777
For Danl. Smith Hugh Stewart”
[reverse]
“Daniel Smith’s Bill of Philaa. Augt. 5th. 1777”
(177) John Tomkins to George Washington, August 10, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“His Excellency General Washington …
1777 To 9 dinners @ 5/ £ 2.5
Augt. 10th. To one Bottle wine 20s & of 2 lb sugar 4s 3.
To 9 quarts spirits & Brandy 2.10
To hay & oats 4.18
To Light horse mans & Servants
Dinners 4.10
To two bowls of tody & three quarts rum 3.
£ 20.3
Recd. ye above in full John Tomkins”
[reverse]
“Jno. Tomkins bill at the Billet …”
(181) Daniel Smith to Unknown, August 24, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“Augt. 24th. [1777]
£ s d
Punch 12..0..0
Grog 7.6
Recd. the Above for Danl. Smith
Hugh Stewart
To 12 horses hay
& Oats £ 1.16-“
(183) Tench Tilghman to Caleb Gibbs, August 25, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
“Breckfast 2:18:6
servants 1:10:6
hay & oats 3:9:6
black smith 0:1:10
8:0:4
the above was paid by me and recd. of Capt. Gibbs
Tench Tilghman”
[reverse]
“Expences at Chester … Augt. 25th. 1777”
(185) Barnaby Sanigan to George Washington, August 26, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“General Washingtons Bill
18 BreaKfasts 3-12-
Spirrits 7-6
Rum to Servts 6-
5 BreaKfasts to Do: 15-
£ 4:18:6
Oats 1:8
Received the above of Col:
Hamilton [By?] me
Christiana [Delaware]
Augt. 26. 1777 - Barnaby Sanigan”
George Washington’s folding bed, made in 1775 to use while serving as Continental Army
commander-in-chief. Dimensions: Overall (Folded H x W x D), 11 in. × 8 in. × 36 in. (27.94 cm ×
20.32 cm × 91.44 cm); Overall (Standing H x W x D): 48 in. × 36 in. × 72 in. (121.92 cm × 91.44 cm ×
182.88 cm). Object Number: W-473. Collections of Mount Vernon. https://tinyurl.com/Mount-
Vernon
(187) George Forsyth to George Washington, August 27, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“Agust 1777 General Washington & Company Bill
25 16 Diners at 4s pr £ 3:4:0
11 Servants Diners at 3s pr 1:13:0
4 large Bowls of sangaree … 6:0:0
2 Bottles Wine 2:0:0
6 Bottles Claret 4:10:0
tody for Servts 2:5:0
Grog at Diner 0:2:6
[illegible] 0:11:3
Barbers Bill 0:2:6
Wine And Super for the [Ulaart??] 0:7:6
one tumblar Grog 0:4:0
3 Gent. Mens Supers 0:9:0
27 [illegible] at [ill.] 5:0:3
54 Gallons oates 5:3:0
Lodgeings 0:16:0
3 Servts Supers 0:9:0
26th 2 Servts Breakfasts 0:6:0
one GentaMans Breckfeast 3:9
one Bottle Claret 0:15:0
Doctor Cochran [*] £ 1:2:0
2 Gallons oats 0:4:0
27th 16 Breakfast at 4s £ 2:16:0
[illegible] 1:12:0
[peapers?] 3:9
Stuarts [stewards] Breakfast 3:9
6 Servants Breakfasts 18:0
3 [Waller Milane?] £ 1:2:6
16 Diners at 5s pr £ 4:0:0
9 Servants Diners 1:13:9
2 Large Bowls tody 1:10:0
grog at table 0:15:0
Servt grog 0:15:0
6 Bottles Wine 6:0:0
2 Bottles Claret 1:10:0
one Gentle Man Diner 0:[?]:0
Wine for the Stuart [steward] 0:5:0
Cash for the french [Marqs?] £ 2:5:0
peaper 3:9
20 [Horses?] at hay one Day £ 1:0:0
4 Gallons oats 8 french Genll £ 63:12:1”
[* John Cochran of Pennsylvania, Surgeon General Middle Department, 11 April 1777 to 6 October
1780]
[Reverse]
“Wilmington 27th. Augt. 1777
Received ye within contents in full George Forsyth”
(193) Jacob Waggoner to George Washington, September 15, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“His Excellency General Washington to Jacob Waggoner
1777 To 10 breakfasts @ 3/6 1-15
Sept. 15th. To 18 dinners @ 3/6 £ 3-3
To servants dinners 15
To 2 bottles wine @ 20/ 2
To Toddy 6
To spirits 5
To 1 quart Rum for servants 15
£ 7-4
To Breakfasts -- 3/6 servants 15
9-14
Jacob Waggoner”
Michael Rap to George Washington, December 5, 1777, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
(209)
“General Washingtons servants had
Novemr 3 [1777],
4 Fowls, 2 ducks, 4 heads Cabbage,
half Peck Potatoes, 6 Quarts Milk 1..9..3
Novemr 4, To 4 Fowls, half Peck Potatoes, 5 heads
Cabbage, 2 quarts Milk, 2 lb
Butter 2..5..9
5th, To 2 Fowls, 12 Quarts Milk, 3
quarters Peck Potatoes, 4 heads Cabbg 1..3..4
Nov 6th. To 2 Fowls, 2 Duks Do.
half A peck of Potatoes ten Quarts
of Milk 1..3..9
Novr 7. To 3 Quarters Peck Potatoes, half Peck
Turnips, a Pig, 10 Quarts Milk 1..8..1
8 To 1 lb Butter, half Peck Potatoes,
half Peck Turnips, 4 heads Cabbage,
8 Quarts Milk, a pint Cream 1..2..6
9. To half Peck Potatoes, 4 heads Cabbage,
8 Quarts Milk, a pint Cream 0..18..0
10, To half Peck turnips, half Peck Potatoes,
4 Heads Cabbage, 7 Quarts Milk 11..6
11. To 4 heads Cabbage, 7 quarts milk, half
Pint Cream 11..6
12, To 7 ½ quarts Milk, half pint Cream 10
13, To 4 Fowls, a pint Cream, 5 ½ quarts
Milk 1..3..0
14, To 10 ½ quarts Milk, half pint Cream 0..15..0
15 To 7 ½ quarts milk, half a pint cream, 0..10
Carrd. Over 13..11..8”
(210)
“Brot. Forward 13..11.8
Novemr. 16, To 9 Quarts Milk, half pint Cream 0..11..6
17, To 9 Quarts Milk, 1 ½ pints Cream 0..12..6
half peck Potatoes & turnips, 6 Cabbages 0..5..6
18, To 10 quarts Milk, a pint Cream 12..6
19, To 8 quarts Milk, a pint Cream 10..6
16..4..2
20, To 8 quarts Milk 0..8..0
21, To 6 do. 0..6..0
22, To 4 do. 0..4..0
23, To do., half Peck turnips 1/3
2 Quarts Cream from 20th to 23 0..10..0
To 27 Quarts Milk for Colonel
Pickerings [man or men?] 1..7..0
18..19..2
Fowls 7/6 pr Couple
Ducks 5/ pr do.
Milk 1/ pr Quart
Potatoes 1/3 pr half peck
Turnips 1/3
Butter 7/6”
(211)
“General Washingtons servants had
Novr. 24, To 6 quarts Milk 0..6..0
25, To 5 do 0..5..0
26, To 6 do 0..6..0
27, To 7 do 0..7..0
28, To 6 do. 6 s 29th Novemr. 9 quarts & half
Peck Potatoes 1/3 0..16..3
29, To 6 do 6s. 30th Novemr. 7 quarts 7/ 0..13..0
Decemr 1, To 6 do. 6s, 2d Decemr. 7 do 7/ 0..13..0
3, To 4 do 4s 2 Cabbage 1s 0..5..0
4, To 12 Quarts Milk 0..12..0
To 20 do do 1..0..0
5..3..3
from another sheet 18..19..2
To 12 Pints Cream @ 2/6 1..10..0
Creditor
By an abatement on 285 quarts Milk 3..14..3
22..1..2
Recd. 5th Decembr. 1777, of Patrick McGuire
the above in full his
Michael X Rap
Mark”
(212)
“Account when at
Mr. Emblen’s near
White Marsh
£22..1..2
5th. Decembr. 1777”
1778
(213) Unknown to Patrick Maguire, January 15, 1778, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“15th Janry 1778
Recd. from Pattr. Maguire the
sum of eighteen pounds for one
Milch cow, for His Excellency Genl.
Washington.”
(227) Patrick Maguire to Caleb Gibbs, March 6, 1778, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“Received of Capt. Caleb Gibbs Sixty two pounds
sixteen shillings & five pence Pennsylvania Currency
in full for wages as Steward to His Excellency the
Commander in Chief
£ 62.16.5 Patt. Maguire
Head Quarters
Valley Forge 6th. March 1778”
(235) Margaret Thomas to Caleb Gibbs, April 4, 1778, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
“Head Quarters Valley Forge
4th April 1778
Received of Captain Gibbs Twenty Eight pounds
Seventeen shillings, & six pence Pennsylvania
Currency in full for Washington [sic, should be washing] done for
His Excellency General Washington from the
20th. day of Octobr. 1776 – to the 20th day of Feby.
1778 – including servants &c. belonging to the General –
Margaret Thomas”
(374) Margaret Strickland to Elizabeth Thompson, ND, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
to pond of peper £1.5
to [Hament?] 7.6
to Nutmeg 18
Receivd in Full 1.10.6 [corrected to 2.10.6]
Margret Strickland
(239) Jeremiah Low to Caleb Gibbs, April 10, 1778, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“10 April 1778 Capt. Gibbs £ s d
To pading a Saddel for Frank 1-10-0
To Stufing and mending the Generels Saddel 0-7-6
To pading Prestons Saddel 1-10-0
To 4 Girth Straps 6 [Dtr?] 0-2-6
To a strap and Buckel to manepilln[*] 0-5-0
To 4 Girth straps to Canteen Sadel 0-2-6
£ 3-17-6
Head Quarters Jeremiah Low Saddler”
[* possibly refers to a pillion, a cushion or second small saddle used to carry a second rider]
Joyce Henry: Hi John! Sorry I didn't get back to you last night, but I'm out of town at a horse event. I am
looking at the letter right now without my reading glasses, lol. It does appear to be what you think mane
pillion. What I think it may be referring to is "main", in the sense of the principal, and pillion meaning the
pad behind the saddle that would support and or cushion the valise. I haven't had time to try to transcribe
the rest to put it in context, perhaps if you could do that for me since I am not in a position at the moment
to try to figure out the context of what this strap and buckle connected to the mane pillion is. I don't
believe he's referring to riding pillion, which in the 18th century context means somebody riding behind
you as a lady riding pillion or sitting sideways behind a male rider. By this time in history that practice is
pretty much gone. So I can only assume he's referring to the pillion pad behind the capital of the saddle.
Hope this helps. And thank you for asking my advice I am flattered!
Stuart Lilie: mane pillion looks like what it says. It sounds like a corruption of the more proper
term, mail-pillion.
John Ruf: I believe it to be two words, mane and pillon (or pillion). A pillion would have been standard
equipment with period saddlery, to support a valise behind the saddle, I am not familiar with a "mane"
pillion, but it seems to imply a pillion forward of the saddle's pommel.
I went and checked my notes from a few years back when I made a valise and pillion, I found a period
plate showing a "mail pillion" which was a term for a cantle pillion to hold a valise off the horse's spine.
Your page may be using the term "Mail Pillion"
(289) John Young to Caleb Gibbs, October 13, 1778, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“Received of Major Gibbs three pounds four
shillings New York currency in full for Repairing His Excellency
General Washingtons & servants saddle
£ 3-4
Fredericksburgh 13th Octor. 1778 Recd. the above John Young”
(297) William Riley to Caleb Gibbs, November 21, 1778, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
“An Account of Cloathing Made £ s
For His Excellency the Commandder
and Chief Servants
Will – Two Coats Two wescoats
And One pair of Breeches 3 0 0
For Robert Preston
One Coat one Wescoat 1 0 0
Francis Meriman one Coat
One wescoat 1 0 0
the Cost of Trimming for
Wills Cloathes 1 2 6
To one wescoat for [His?]

Excellency 0 10 0
21st. Novr. 1778 £ s d
Received of Major Gibbs the
Above in full William Kelly”
1779
(311) Hannah Stewart to George Washington, August 14, 1779, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“1779 His Excelly. Genl. Washington to
Hannah Stewart
Aug. 14 th To making & marking of table
Cloths and two towels
20 dollars”
(313) William McIntire to Caleb Gibbs, September 19, 1779, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“Head Quarters West-
point 19th: Septr. 1779
Received of Major Gibbs one hundred &
twenty dollars in full for 12 months Extra
pay @ 10 dollars pr. month. allowed by
His Excellency for my acting as Stewart to His family
Wm. McIntire”
1780
(325) Daniel Dyer to Caleb Gibbs, January 1, 1780, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“Received of Major Caleb Gibbs
one hundred & tenty dollars being for
15/ months extra pay at 8 dollars pr. month
for assisting in the Coocking in His
Excellency General Washington’s family
Daniel Dyer”
(331) Bildad Edwards to Caleb Gibbs, March 14, 1780, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
“Head Quarters Morris Town
14th: March 1780
Received of Major Gibbs sixty dollars in full
for six months Extra pay @ 10 dollars pr. month
Allowed by His Excellency for my acting as Stewart
to His family Bildad Edwards”
(349) John Johnson to Caleb Gibbs, July 13, 1780, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers, and
“Received Bergen County State of New Jersey
July 13th: 1780 of Major Gibbs one hundred
pounds New York currency (according to its ancient
Value) in full for the hire of my servant Isaac
as a Cook to His Excellency General Washington
from June 1st. 1777 to June 1st. 1780
John Johnson”
(356) James Cooper to Robert H. Harrison, September 25, 1780, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“Accompt of the Lite Hors
belonging to Genarl. Washington
Guard 13 Dinners 195
117 Gills Rum 30 ½
3 Mugs Cidor 12
227 ½
Receiv.d the Above In full
From Coll. Harrison James Cooper
Fishkills Septembr. 25 1780
paid as the Genl. was returning from Hartford … Robt Harrison
(358) Obadiah Cooper to Robert H. Harrison, September 25, 1780, Revolutionary War Accounts,
“Genl. Washenton
600 Quarts Oats 1200 Doll
21 Horsses Hay 210
1 Bottle Wine 75
1 Pint Port Wine 28
18 Boles Grogg 252
7 Dinners 140
8 Do 128
4 Nits Lodging 24
32 Quarts Oats 64
Receiv’d the Above in full by 2121
Col. Harreson Obadh. Cooper
(Reverse)
“This Account was paid at Fish Kill
the 25th of Septr. 1780 as the Genl.
was returning from the interview
with Count Rochambeau at Hartford.”
(362) Moses Ensign to James Gamble, October 10, 1780, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
“Recd. Preackness October 10th 1780 of James Gamble
Two Barrels Superfine flour which I promise to
Deliver to Head quarters for the use of His Excelly
the Commander in Chiefs Family for which I have
Signed Duplicate Receipts. Moses Ensign
1781
Elizabeth Thompson to George Washington, August 28, 1781, Revolutionary War
Accounts, Vouchers, and Receipted Accounts 2
Image 341
“Received Chatham State of N Jersey 28th
of August 1781 – from His Excellency General
Washington Twenty five Guineas in specie – being
on account for what is due to me from the Public
for any services whilst in the Family of the Genl
Isay received her
Elizabeth C C Thompson
Mark”
Daniel Grant to George Washington, September 9, 1781, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
Image 343
“His Excellency Genl Washington & Co.
1781 To Danl Grant
Sepr 8th To 8 Dinners £ 1”4”0
7 Servants Ditto 10”6
Punch 3”10”0
Grog 12”6
Wine 1”10”0
Punch to Servants 5”0
Wine 15”0
Punch 5/ Toddy 1/3 6”3
Cash paid the Watch Maker 7”6
9th 16 Horses Hay 1 Night a 2/6 2”0”0
32 Gallons of Oats a 1/ 1”12”0
Lodgings 10”6
Recd. the Contents in full £ 13”8”3
Danl. Grant”
William Riley to George Washington, October 31, 1781, Revolutionary War Accounts, Vouchers,
Image 353
“Head Quarters near Dobbeses ferry
to Making one Pr. of Driling Britches for Will 5 shillings
Head Quarters near York in Virginia
to one Coat & Jackat Making for Will 2 Dollars & one Sint
to one Coat & Jackat Making for Boston l 2 Dollars & one [Siset?]
to one Coat Making for [Wimesely?] 1 Dollar & a half
to one Coat Making for Deady 1 Dollar & a half
… Octr. 31st. Then received from Genl. Washington
for paymt. of the above acct. William Riley”
1783
Elizabeth Thompson to George Washington, December 3, 1783, Revolutionary War Accounts,
Image 427
“New York 3d Decr. 1783
Received of Genll. Washington
Two hundred & forty Dollars in full of
Account of Services done in his Family
Elizabeth
her 4 mark
Thomas”
One of Washington’s wartime travelling trunks. “Throughout the Revolutionary War, the security
of his official correspondence and orders was a perpetual concern for General George Washington.
In the intervening weeks between the British evacuation of Boston and his departure to defend
Manhattan, Washington obtained this hair travelling trunk to contain the increasing number of
official papers in his possession. It was likely the first of the many he would purchase for this
purpose. A copper plate engraved "Genl Washington" is nailed to the lid over the initials of the
trunk's original owner, John Head, the Boston merchant from whom it was purchased on April 4,
1776.” Dimensions: Overall, 14 3/8 in. x 36 1/2 in. x 15 3/4 in. (36.53 cm x 92.71 cm x 40.01 cm).
Object Number: W-366. Collections of Mount Vernon. https://tinyurl.com/Mount-Vernon

(George Washington's Wartime Household, Staff, Food, and Equipment Washington Papers (Library of Congress) Revolutionary War Accounts Vouchers and Receipted Accounts

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(George Washington's Wartime Household, Staff, Food, and Equipment Washington Papers (Library of Congress) Revolutionary War Accounts Vouchers and Receipted Accounts

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George Washington’s Wartime Household, Staff, Food, and Equipment

Washington Papers (Library of Congress)

(Compiled by John U. Rees and Neal T. Hurst)

Kimberly K. Walters, A Book of Cookery (Privately printed, 2014)

Key to Names of Household Staff and Servants

General George Washington’s Field Headquarters (Images of tents and equipment,

William McIntire, steward

Images 467, 468

Images 475, 478

To making a pair of breeches for yr. Servant £ 0_4

Recvde The [illegible] In full £ 1”1”.5

Ebenezer Austin, 1775-76, Revolutionary War Household Expense Accounts

To making a large Dining Marquee with

In 2 Casks 2 2..2..3 N. Whole Biscuit a 60/ £ 7..11..8

In 2 Boxes 4 20 Lb Green Tea 70/ £ 70..0..0

Emanuel Dabney in Washington livery suit.

To one wescoat for [His?]

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