Finishing

Materials

ARCH 261

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 1. Mortars
Lecture outline 2. Paints

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 Mortars

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 Mortar

Building mortars are mixtures used for the jointing masonry such as bricks,
stones, blocks; plastering and as matrix in concrete admixtures.

Composition: fine aggregates + binding material (clay, gypsum, lime, cement)

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 Mortar

Mortars created by 1 binding material and fine aggregate frequently stand in the
ratio of 1:4 by weight or volume.

Mortars created by combining more binding materials such as cement, clay and
sand frequently stand in the ratio of 1:0.4:5.

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 Selection of Mortar

While the mortar is the binding material:

-strength of masonry expected (highly related with mortar characteristics)

-Impermeable from water, cost, working conditions

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 Classification of Mortar by binding material
Cement mortars

Lime mortars

Gypsum mortars

Mud mortars (cheaper)

Composite mortars (cement lime mortar)

There exist 9 grades of mortar ranked according to their compressive strength

features starting from 0.4 N/mm2 to 30 N/mm2.

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 Cement mortar

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 Lime mortar

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 Brick masonry mortar

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 Khorasan plaster

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 Gypsum
Gypsum is a non-hydraulic binder occurring naturally as a soft crystalline rock.
Pure gypsum is a white translucent crystalline mineral and is so soft that it can be
scratched by a fingernail.

When heated it gives up combined water and easily turns into powder. On adding
water to the powder it can easily be shaped and moulded, and in a short time it
hardens again and becomes similar to what it was in its natural state.

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 Gypsum properties and uses
Fire resisting material, incombustible

Good sound absorbing capacity

Pleasureable surface finishing

Resistant to insects

Poor strength in wet state

Eg, Plaster of Paris, wall plaster stucco.

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 Gypsum plaster boards
It is a gypsum product made of thin layers of cardboard cemented together with
wall plaster, used for lining walls and ceiling of buildings. They are very light and
possess high fire resistance properties.

Availability of dimensions:

Widths: 400, 600, 800, 900, 1200 mm

Length: 1200, 1500, 1800, till 3600 mm

Thickness: 9.5 to 15 mm

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 Gypsum plaster boards
•Regular Drywall or White Board
Regular drywall is normally white on one side and brown on the other side. It probably is the most
economic drywall type and the most common one used.

•Green Board Drywall

Also known as moisture resistant drywall, has a green covering that makes it more resistant to moisture
than regular drywall. It is not waterproof!

• Blue Board Drywall

Also known as plaster baseboard, is used for veneer plastering. It has a high water and mold resistance.
This type of board helps reduce noise and offers low emissions.

•Paperless Drywall
This type of drywall is covered with fiberglass instead of paper, which protects the gypsum board from rot
and offers even greater resistance to mold and mildew.

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 Gypsum plaster boards

•Purple Drywall tate

It might be installed on all wall and ceiling applications and is ideally suited where enhanced moisture and
mold resistance is desired. If it is going to be in contact with water, this is the one to use.

•Type X Drywall
This one is the so-called fire-resistant drywall. It is harder to cut and work than regular drywall and
normally is used in garages, rooms and apartment buildings, as it is required by several building codes.

•Sound Proof Drywall

This drywall is denser than regular drywall so it might be a little harder to cut than other types of drywall.
Due to its soundproofing characteristics, it is used in areas where noise is a problem or when silence is
required in a room.

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 Paints

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 Paints
Paint is a liquid surface coating. On drying it forms a thin film on the painted
surface.

Paints are classified as oil paints, water paints, cement paints, bituminous paints
and special paints such as fire proof paints, luminous paints, chlorinated rubber
paints (for protecting objects against acid fumes), etc.

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 Paints functions
● Protect the coated surface against possible mechanical or chemical stresses
● protect from deterioration by physical or environmental factors
● Giving smooth and colourful finish
● Prevent penetration of water
● Protect from bacterias and fungi
● Protect the metals from corrosion
● Protect the wood from decaying

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 Paints composition
● base_Usually metallic oxide which is the main constituent of paint, which
gives the opacity and possesses binding properties (lead, zinc, aluminium,
iron oxide, titanium, etc)
● Vehicle_the binder is an oil which helps the formation to spread into surface.
It contributes in durability, toughness and water proofness of the paint.

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 Paints composition
● pigments_To give colour to the paint, they reflect the destructive ultraviolet
light and enhance the weathering resistance.
● Solvents_oils used to thin the paints, and increase the spread, differently
known as thinners
● Driers_known as plasticizers are chemical added to paints for specific
purposes

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 Painting plastered surfaces
Before applying the paint it is ensured that the surface is free from dust, dirt, loose
matter, grease etc. and is rubbed with an emery paper, to provide a mechanical
key between surface and paint for satisfactory adhesion.

Two or three finish coats are applied. Each coat is allowed to dry before the
application of next coat.

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 Painting wood surfaces
3–4 coats are sufficient for wood work.

The wood should be well seasoned, dried, cleaned and the surface made smooth
with an emery paper. Nails, if any, should be driven down the surface by at least 3
mm. (white lead combined with zinc oxide)

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 Painting metal surfaces
The surface should be free from scales, rust and grease. Generally 3 coats are
applied.

Red lead is considered to be the best priming coat

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