KLEF

Department of Mathematics

I/IV B. Tech-I st Semester (A. Y: 2018-2019)

SVCMA (18SC1103)-SESSIONWISE PROBLEMS on CO-1

Session-1: Explanation of the Course handout.

Session -2: Modeling and Solution of exponential growth phenomena problems

1. A bacteria culture initially contains 100 cells and grows at a rate proportional to its size.
After an hour the population has increased to 420. a) Find an expression for the number of bacteria
after t hours. b) Find the number of bacteria after 3 hours. c) Find the rate of growth after 3 hours.
d) When will the population reach 10,000?

2. If the growth rate of the number of bacteria at any time t is proportional to the number of
bacteria present at t and doubles in 1 week, how many bacteria can be expected after 2
weeks? After 4 weeks?

3. The population of a community is known to increase at a rate proportional to the number of

people present at a time t. If the population has doubled in 6 years, how long it will take to
triple?

4. A population of bacteria initially consists of 20,000 cells. Twenty minutes later, the
population has grown to 40,000 cells. How quickly is the population increasing at the time?

Home Assignment-1

1. During a nuclear chain reaction, the number N of free neutrons in a sample of fissile material
dN
obeys the differential equation =kN , where k a constant known as the neutron multiplication
dt
factor.
a) Suppose the sample initially contains 100 free neutrons. If the neutron
multiplication factor is 7.0/μs, how many free neutrons will there be 2.0μs later?
b) How quickly will the number of free neutrons be increasing at the time?
2. Let population of a country be increasing at the rate proportional to its population. If the
population has increased to 25% in 10 years, how long will it take to become double?

3. The mass of crystalline deposits increases at a rate which is proportional to its mass at that
time. The deposit has started around a crystal seed of 20 grams. Find an expression of its
mass at time t. If in 30 minutes the mass of the deposit increases by 5 gram , what will be
the mass of the deposit after 10 hours.

4. The number N of bacteria in a culture grew at a rate proportional to N. The value of N was

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 initially 200 and increased to 456 in one hour. What would be the value of N after 4 hours?

5. If the population of Latin America has a doubling time of 27 years by what percentage it

grow per year.

Session -3: Modeling and Solution of exponential decay phenomena problems

1. A radioactive material has an initial mass 100mg. After two years it is left to 75mg. Find the
amount of the material at any time. What is the period of its half-life?

2. If in a reactor Uranium losses 10% of its weight within one day, what is the half life? How
long would it take for 99% of the original amount to disappear?

3. The population of an endangered bird is decreasing at an rate of 0.75% per year. There are
currently about 200,000 of these birds. Write a function that models the bird population.
How many birds will there be in100 yr?

4. The half-life of a certain radioactive material is 85 days. An initial amount of the material
has a mass of 801 kg. Write an exponential function that models the decay of this material
remains after 10 days.

Home Assignment-2

1. A radioactive isotope has an initial mass 400mg, which two years later is 100mg. Then
determine the value k of the decay problem.

2. A sample of an unknown radioactive isotope initially weighs 10.00g. One year later the
mass has decreased to 3.47g.
a) How quickly is the mass of the isotope decreasing at the time?
b) What is the half life of the isotope?
3. Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount present. If a fraction p of the
original amount disappears in 1 year, how much will remain at the end of 21 years.

4. If 40% of radioactive substance disappeared in 15 days, how long will it take for 85% it to
disappear?

5. A fragment of bone is discovered to contain 30% of the usual C-14 concentration. Estimate
the age of the bone, given that half life time of C-14 is 5000 years.

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Session -4: Modeling and solution of electrical circuits (RL/RC) problems

1. Formulate the differential equation from the following figure, if inductance 0.15 H,
resistance 5Ω, and electromotive force 12 V, and determine i in terms of t.

2. Construct the differential equation from the following RL-circuit, with inductance 0.25 H,
resistance 10Ω and electromotive force is E0 sin t and determine i in terms of t.

3. Model the differential equation for RC-circuit with capacitance 0.1 F, resistance 2Ω, and
electromotive force sin2t and hence obtain charge q(t) on the capacitor if q(0)=0.2.

4. A 200-volt electromotive force is applied to an RC-series circuit in which the resistance is

1000 ohms and the capacitance is 5 10 Farad. Obtain the charge   on the capacitor if
6 q t

q ( 0 )=0.4. Determine the charge and current at t = 0.005 s. Determine the charge as
t  .

Home Assignment-3

1. If a coil having a resistance 10 ohms and an inductance of 3 henries is connected to

electromotive force 60 v supply, then determine the current in terms t.

2. If a coil having a resistance 1 ohms and an inductance of 10 henries is connected to

electromotive force 4 sin (3t) v supply, then determine the current in terms t.

3. A coil having a resistance of 5 Ω and an inductance of 2 H is connected to 10sin 2t volts

supply, determine the current and charge after 8 seconds

4. Determine the charge q(t) if the resistance is 10Ω, the capacitor is 10-2F, and the impressed
voltage  
E t  2 cos3t
, if the initially charge is zero.

5. A decaying e.m.f E= 200 e-5t is connected in series with a 20 ohm resistor and 0.01 F
capacitor. Assuming q = 0 at t=0, find the charge q and current i at any time t=4.

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6. An RC circuit has an e.m.f given (in volts) by 400 cos 2t, a resistance of 100 ohms and a
capacitance of 10-2 farad. Initially there is no charge on the capacitor. Find the current in the
circuit at any time.

Session -5: Modeling and solution of the Newton’s law of cooling.

1. A body kept in air with temperature 250C cools from 1400 C to 800 C in 20 min. Obtain the
time period, when the body cools down to 35 0 C.

2. A cup of coffee at temperature 100oc is placed in a room whose temperature is 15oc and it
cools to 60oc in 5 minutes, evaluate its temperature after a further interval of 5 minutes.

3. A cup of coffee (temperature = 190°F) is placed in a room whose temperature is 70°F. After
five minutes, the temperature of the coffee has dropped to 160°F. How many more minutes
must elapse before the temperature of the coffee is 130°F?

4. A thermometer, reading 50C, is brought in a room whose temperature is 220C. One minute
later the thermometer reading is 120C.How long does it take until the reading is practically
220C, say 21.90C?

Home Assignment- 4

1. Suppose you cool a pot of soup in a 750 F room. Right when you take the soup off the stove,
you measure its temperature to be 220 0 F. Suppose after 20 minutes, the soup has cooled to 170 0 F.

a. What will be the temperature of the soup in 30 minutes?

b. Suppose you can eat the soup when it is 1300 F. How long will it take to cool to this
temperature?

2. A metal ball is heated to a temperature of 100oC and at timet=0, it is placed in water

which is maintained at 40°C. If the temperature of the body is reduced to 60°C in 4 minutes,
find the time at which the temperature of the ball is 50°C.

3. An apple pie with an initial temperature of 1700 C is removed from the oven and left to cool
in a room with an air temperature of 200 C. Given that the temperature of the pie initially
decreases at a rate of 300 C/min, how long will it take for the pie to cool to a temperature of
300 C?

4. A copper ball is heated to a temperature of 1000C. At time t=0, it is placed in water which is

maintained at a temperature of 300C and at the end of 3 minutes, the temperature of the ball

is reduced to 700C. Find the time at which the temperature of the ball reduced to 310C.

5. A hard-boiled egg at 70°C is put in a pan under running 20°C water to cool. After 5 minutes,
the egg’s temperature is found to be 50°C. How much longer will it take the egg to reach
30°C.

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Session -6: Modeling and solution of chemical mixture problems.

1. A tank is initially filled with 100gallons of salt solution containing 1lb of salt per gallon.
Fresh brain containing 2lb of salt per gallon runs into the tank at the rate of 5gallons per minute
and the mixture assumed to be kept uniform by stirring runs out at the same rate. Determine the
amount of salt in the tank at any time t, and determine how long it will take for this amount to
reach 150 lb.

2. A tank contains 40 gallons of brain for which the concentration is initially 3 lb salt/gal. A
salt solution of 2 lb salt/gal enters the tank at the rate of 5 gal/min and the well-stirred
mixture is drawn off at the rate of 3gal/min. Find the quantity of salt in terms of t..

3. A tank contains 1000 gallons of brine in which 500 lb of salt are dissolved. Fresh water runs
into the tank at the rate 10 gallons per minute and the mixture kept uniform by stirring runs
out at the rate of 12 gallons per minute. How long will it be before only 50 lt of salt is left in
the tank?

Home Assignment-5

1. A tank containing a solution of 200 liters in which 10gm of salt is dissolved. Brine
containing 1gm per liter enters into the tank at the rate 4liter/min, and the mixture kept uniform by
stirring well runs out at the same rate. Determine the amount of salt in the tank at any time t.

2. A tank containing 60 gallons of fresh water. Brine containing 4 pounds per gallon of salt,
enters into the tank at the rate 2 gallons/min, and the mixture kept uniform by stirring well runs
out at the same rate. Determine the amount of salt in the tank at time t=20 min.

3. A tank containing a solution of 500 liters in which 150gm of salt is dissolved. Brine
containing 3gm per liter enters into the tank at the rate 4liter/min, and the mixture kept uniform
by stirring well runs out at the rate of 2liter/min. Determine the amount of salt in the tank at
any time t.

4. A tank initially contains 50 gallons of fresh water. Brine containing 2 pounds per gallon of
salt, flows into the tank at the rate of 2 gallons per minute and the mixture kept uniform by
stirring, runs out at the same rate. How long will it take for the quantity of salt in the tank to
increase from 40 to 80 ponds?

5 .A tank containing a solution of 100 liters in which 1gm of salt per liter is dissolved. Brine
containing 2gm of salt per liter enters into the tank at the rate 5 liter/min, and the mixture kept
uniform by stirring well runs out at the same rate. Determine how long will take for salt
amount will reach 150gm.

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Session -7: Solution of first order ODE using Euler’s method.

1. A tank is initially filled with 100gallons of salt solution containing 3lb of salt per
gallon.
Brain containing 2lb of salt per gallon runs into the tank at the rate of 4 gallons per
minute and the mixture assumed to be kept uniform by stirring runs out at the same
rate. Determine quantity of salt at t= 20 min, using Euler’s method, with h=5 min.

2. A cup of a coffee originally has temperature of 68oC. The temperature of the ambient is
21oC and the thermal constant is 0.017oC/min. Determine the temperature of the coffee
from t = 0 to 10 minutes insteps of 2 minutes.

Home Assignment-6

1. During a nuclear chain reaction, the number N of free neutrons in a sample of fissile material
dN
obeys the differential equation =kN , where k a constant known as the neutron
dt
multiplication factor. Suppose the sample initially contains 100 free neutrons. If the neutron
multiplication factor is 7.0/μs, how many free neutrons will there be 2.0μs later by Euler’s
method, with h=0.5.
dy 2
 x  y and y (0) 1
2. Given that dx , find an approximate value of y (1) taking h=0.2 applying
Euler’s method.

3. An RC circuit has an e.m.f given (in volts) by 400 cos 2t, a resistance of 100 ohms and a
capacitance of 10-2 farad. Initially there is no charge on the capacitor. Find the current in the
circuit at time t=10 sec, with step length 2 sec

4. During a biology experiment, a certain culture of cells grows exponentially with a growth
constant of 0.04/minute. If there are 5,000 cells at the beginning of the experiment, how large
will the culture be one hour later, with h= 20 min.
5. A tank containing a solution of 1000 liters in which 100gm of salt is dissolved. Brine
containing 2gm per liter enters into the tank at the rate 4liter/min, and the mixture kept uniform
by stirring well runs out at the rate of 2lit/min. Determine the amount of salt in the tank at time
t=10 min, with h=2.5.

Session-8: Solution of first order ODE using modified Euler’s method.

1. A tank contains 40 gallons of brain for which the concentration is initially 3 lb salt/gal. A
salt solution of 2 lb salt/gal enters the tank at the rate of 5 gal/min and the well-stirred mixture is
drawn off at the rate of 1 lb salt/gal. Find the quantity of salt in tank at t=10 min, with h=5.

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2. If a coil having a resistance 15 ohms and an inductance of 10 henries is connected to 90
volts supply, and then determine the current after 20 seconds, with h=10 and initial current as

zero.

Home Assignment-7

1. Formulate the differential equation from the following figure, if inductance 0.25 H,
resistance 1Ω, and electromotive force 24 V and determine current when t=4 with h=2.

2. During a certain chemical reaction, the concentration [C4 H9 Cl] of butyl chloride obeys the
rate equation

d [C 4 H 9 Cl ]
=−r [C 4 H 9Cl ]
dt
Where r = 0.1223/sec is the rate constant for the reaction, determine the
concentration at t=2 sec with initial concentration as 0.5, with step length= 2sec.

3. Suppose a student carrying a flu virus returns to an isolated college campus of 1000 students

and modeled the differential equation is  

x   t   0.9906 1000 x  x 2 , x  0   1
. Applying modified
Euler’s method, determine an approximate value of x at t=6 with step size h=3.

4. Intensity of radiation is directly proportional to the amount of remaining radioactive

substance. Determine how much substance will remain at the moment t = 10 min, by applying
modified Euler’s method with h = 5min, with proportional constant 0.03616 and initial
radioactive is 8000 gr.

5. The open loop response, that is the speed ω of the motor at voltage input is 10V, if the
dω
=1000−3 ω
governing ODE is dt , the initial speed is zero, then estimate the speed level
of the motor by applying modified Euler’s method at t=0.4 sec., by taking h=0.2

Session 09 : Modified Euler’s Method

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1. A series circuit contains a resister 10 ohms, the capacitance .01 F and impressed voltage E
(t) =2 cos 3t, determine charge q(t) at t=4 sec, if initially charge is zero, by Modified Euler’s
method, with h=2.

2. A bottle of soda at room temperature (72 0F) is placed in a refrigerator where the
temperature is 44 0 F. What is the temperature of the soda after one hour, with thermal constant
=0.01663, by taking h=30 min.

Home Assignment-8

dy
 x  y 2 , y (0) 1
1. Apply Modified Euler’s method to determine y (0.2) for the equation dx ,
take h=0.1.

2. A cup of a coffee originally has temperature of 68oC. The temperature of the ambient is
21oC and the thermal constant is 0.017oC/min. Determine the temperature of the coffee
from t = 0 to 10 minutes insteps of 2 minutes, by Modified Euler’s Method.

3. A student carrying a flu virus returns to an isolated college campus of 1000 students and

modeled the differential equation is dx/dt=x+t2. Applying Modified Euler’s method, to

determine an approximate value of x (2) with step size h=1 and x(0)=1

4. Intensity of radiation is directly proportional to the amount of remaining radioactive

dy
 ky
substance. The differential equation is dt , where k = 0.01, t0 = 0, y0 =20g. Determine

how much substance will remain at the moment t = 40sec. obtain the solution by applying

modified Euler’s method with h = 20.

5. A 12-volt battery is connected to a series circuit in which the inductance is 0.5 H and the
resistance is 10 Ω. Determine the current I  t  at time t  5sec , if the initial current is zero using
Modified Euler’s method with step size h=2.5sec.

Session -10: Solution of first order ODE using Runge-Kutta method.

1. A generator having emf 40V is connected in series with a 30 ohm resister and an inductor

of 5 H. Apply R K method, obtain the current at time t=0.4 sec, if the initially current is zero and

step size h=0.2 Sec.

2. Suppose that a cup of coffee originally has a temperature of 70 0C. Use R. K.s method to
compute the temperature from t=0 to 10 min using a step size of 5 min if T s= 20 0C and

k=0.0190/min.
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Home Assignment-9

1. Apply Runge-Kutta method of 4th order to determine y(0.2) for the equation
dy y  x
 , y (0) 1
dx y  x , take h=0.1.

2. A polluted lake has an initial concentration of a bacteria 10 parts/m3. While the acceptable
level is only 5×106 parts/m3. The concentration of bacteria will reduce as fresh water enters the
lake. The differential equation that governs the concentration of the pollutant as a function of
dc
+0.06 c= 0, c(0) = 10 .
time (in weeks) is given by dt Using R K method, a step size of 3.5 weeks,
find the concentration of pollutant after 7 weeks.

3. A cup of a coffee originally has temperature of 100oC. The temperature of the ambient is
30oC and the thermal constant is [(1/15)log e(7/4)]oC/min. Determine the temperature of the
coffee from t = 0 to 10 minutes insteps of 5 minutes, by using R. K. ’s method.

4. A cup of milk originally has temperature of 780C. The temperature of the ambient is 250C
and the thermal constant is 0.0160C/min. Determine the temperature of the milk from t = 0
to 10 minutes in steps of 5 minute using R-K method.

5. During a biology experiment, a certain culture of cells grows exponentially with a growth
constant of 0.04/minute. If there are 5,000 cells at the beginning of the experiment, how
large will the culture be one hour later, with h= 20 min.

Session-11 : Solution of first order ODE using Runge-Kutta method

1. A series circuit contains a resister 10 ohms, the capacitance .01 F and impressed voltage E
(t) =25 Vol, determine charge q(t) at t=4 sec, if initially charge is zero, by R K method,
with h=2.

2. A tank contains 100 gallons of brine in which 60 lb of salt are dissolved. Fresh water runs
into the tank at the rate 10 gallons per minute and the mixture kept uniform by stirring runs out at
the rate of 12 gallons per minute. Determine quantity of salt in tank at t=5 min, by using R. K.
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 method, with h=2.5.

Home Assignment-10

1. A tank contains 5000 liters of fresh water. Salt water which contains 100 gm of salt per
liter flows into it at the rate of 10 liters per minute and the mixture kept uniform by stirring runs
out at the same rate. Determine salt quantity in tank at t=10 min, with step size as 5min.

2. Liquid pumped into a tank of horizontal cross-sectional area A (m2 ) at a rate Q (liter/sec),

and is drained by a value at its base and governing differential equation is x  Q (t )  0.01 x .

Find the depth

x(t ) at the end of 10 minutes, if Q(t )  0.02t , x (0)  0 , h=5 min.

3. The concentration of salt x in a homemade soap maker is given as a function of time by

dx/dt=x+t the initial time t=0, the salt concentration in the tank is 1gr/lit , using R.K.
method and a step size of h=1 minutes, find the salt concentration after 2 minutes.

4. You are working as a crime scene investigator and must predict the temperature of a
homicide victim over a 3-hour period. You know that the room where the victim was
found was at 10 °C when the body was discovered. Apply R K’s method to compute the
victim’s body temperature for the 3-hr period using values of thermal constant k = 0.12/hr
and step size 1.5 hr. Assume that the victim’s body temperature at the time of death was
37 °C, and that the room temperature was at a constant value of 10 °C over the 3-hr period.

5. Intensity of radiation is directly proportional to the amount of remaining radioactive

substance. Determine how much substance will remain at the moment t = 40 sec, by
applying R K’s method with h = 20, with proportional constant 0.01 and initial radioactive is
20 gr.

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