1 - GPRS Fundamental Training)

OMP000001 GPRS Fundamental
ISSUE 2.0
Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved
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GPRS principle is the basic part of the
whole system and the later products
learning. This slide will help us to
understand the GPRS system
networking and some important
procedure.
1 Internal Use

object
Upon completion of this course, you will be

able to:
¦ Describe the GPRS networking structure
¦ Know the GPRS mobility management
procedure
¦ Know the GPRS session management
procedure
2 Internal Use

References
q 3GPP protocol 23060

3 Internal Use

Chapter 1 GPRS Network Structure
Chapter 2 Mobility Management
Chapter 3 Location Management
Chapter 4 Session Managment
4 Internal Use

GPRS Network Structure
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR SMS-GMSC
SMS-GMSC SCP
SCP GMLC
GMLC HLR
HLR EIR
EIR
SMS-IWMSC
SMS-IWMSC
SS7
Gs Gd Ge Lg Gr Gf Gc
BSS
BSS FR SGSN
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
GGSN
PDN TE
TE
ATM Gi
Um Gb
DDN
GPRS
Gn Backbone
ISDN Ga
Ethernet.etc
UTRAN
UTRAN SGSN
SGSN CG
CG
ATM Ga
Um Iu
BG
BG
Gp
5 Internal Use

q Some Abbreviation
¦ GPRS
[ General Packet Radio Service
¦ BSS
[ Base Station Subsystem
¦ UTRAN
[ UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
¦ SGSN
[ Service GPRS Support Node
¦ GGSN
[ Gateway GPRS Support Node
¦ CG
[ Charging Gateway
¦ BG
[ Bordering Gateway
¦ PDN
[ Packet Data Network
6 Internal Use

q Some Abbreviation
¦ MSC/VLR
[ Mobile Switch Center/Visitor Location Register
¦ SMS-GMSC
[ Gateway MSC For Short Message Service
¦ SMS-IWMSC
[ Short Message Service Interworking MSC
¦ SCP
[ Service Control Point
¦ GMLC
[ Gateway Mobile Location Center
¦ HLR
[ Home Location Register
¦ EIR
[ Equipment Identity Register
7 Internal Use

8 Internal Use

GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)
q Function of the Mobility Management
¦ The Mobility Management (MM) activities related to a subscriber are
characterised by one of three different MM states. In A/Gb mode, the
MM states for a GPRS subscriber are IDLE, STANDBY, and READY.
Each state describes a certain level of functionality and information
allocated.
¦ keep track of the current location of an MS within the PLMN or within
another PLMN
9 Internal Use

GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)
q GMM specific procedures
¦ Attach procedure
¦ RAU and periodic RAU
¦ Detach
q GMM common procedures
¦ P-TMSI reallocation procedure
¦ Authentication procedure
¦ Identification procedure
10 Internal Use

Mobility Management Timer Function
q Periodic RA Update Timer Function

¦ Monitors the periodic routing area update procedure in the MS
¦ Upon its expiry, the MS shall start a periodic routing area update procedure.
¦ The length of the timer is set in SGSN; The value of the timer is sent to MS
in attach accept message or routing update accept message
q Mobile Reachable Timer Function
¦ Upon the expiry of this timer, the MS is detached
¦ This is reset and started when the state returns to STANDBY
¦ The timer shall be slightly longer than the periodic RA update timer used by
an MS
¦ The length of the timer is set in SGSN
q Purge Timer Function
¦ Allows the SGSN to inform the HLR that it has deleted the MM and PDP
contexts of a detached MS.
¦ The purge timer is set longer than the mobile reachable timer
11 Internal Use

2G Network States Transition
IDLE IDLE
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach GPRS Detach GPRS Attach or
Cancel Location
READY Implicit Detach READY

or
Cancel Location
READY timer expiry

READY timer expiry or
or PDU transmission PDU reception
Force to STANDBY
Force to STANDBY or
Abnormal RLC condition
STANDBY STANDBY
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN
12 Internal Use

Attach Procedure
q Function
¦ An MS shall perform a GPRS Attach to the SGSN in order to obtain access

to the GPRS services. It shall perform a GSM GPRS Attach procedure.
¦ Only MS can initiate the Attach Procedure
13 Internal Use

Attach Procedure
(IMSI or PTMSI+RAI) (PTMSI)
(IMSI)
(Identity Type = IMSI)
(IMSI)
14 Internal Use

Attach Procedure
15 Internal Use

Attach Procedure
q Results after any attach procedure

¦ SGSN get subscriber data from HLR
¦ HLR recorded the MS’s serving SGSN number
¦ SGSN and MS create MM context for the MS
q MS can request Session Management services
16 Internal Use

Detach Procedure
q Function
¦ The GPRS Detach procedure allows an MS to inform the network that it
does not want to access the SGSN-based services any longer
¦ The GPRS Detach procedure allows the network to inform an MS that it
does not have access to the SGSN-based services any more
q The following three entity can initiate the detach procedure

¦ MS
¦ SGSN
¦ HLR
17 Internal Use

Detach Procedure (MS Initiation)
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN
1. Detach Request
2. Delete PDP Context Request
2. Delete PDP Context Response
3. Detach Accept
4. PS Signalling Connection Release
18 Internal Use

Detach Procedure
q Results after any detach procedure

¦ The SGSN shall not service the detached MS, unless reattach
¦ The MS is in idle state
q The MS is detached either explicitly or implicitly:

¦ Explicit detach: The network or the MS explicitly requests detach
¦ Implicit detach: The network detaches the MS, without notifying the MS, a
configuration-dependent timer after the mobile reachable timer expired, or
after an irrecoverable radio error causes disconnection of the logical link.
19 Internal Use

Purge Function
q Function
¦ The Purge function allows an SGSN to inform the HLR that it has deleted
the MM and PDP contexts of a detached MS
q After the MS detach from the network:

¦ The SGSN may delete the MM/PDP context immediately
¦ the SGSN may keep the MM/PDP context for some time of the detached
MS
20 Internal Use

Purge Function (clear or remove)
SGSN HLR
1. Purge MS
2. Purge MS Ack
21 Internal Use

Authentication Function (2G)
q Function
¦ "GSM authentication" implies authentication of the MS by the network
and establishment of a new GSM ciphering key (Kc) agreement between
the SGSN and the MS.
¦ "GSM authentication" ensure that the user is authorised to use the
particular network services
¦ Each triplet contains RAND, SRES and Kc
¦ Authentication triplets are stored in the SGSN
22 Internal Use

Authentication Function (2G)
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN HLR
1. Send Authentication Info
1. Send Authentication Info Ack

2. Authentication and Ciphering Request
2. Authentication and Ciphering Response
23 Internal Use

Identity Check
q Function
¦ Get IMSI from MS
¦ Check the IMEI
24 Internal Use

Identity Check
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN EIR
1. Identity Request
1. Identity Response
2. Check IMEI
2. Check IMEI Ack
25 Internal Use

P-TMSI Reallocation
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN
1. P-TMSI Reallocation Command
2. P-TMSI Reallocation Complete
26 Internal Use

P-TMSI Reallocation
q Function
¦ The SGSN may reallocate the P-TMSI at any time
¦ The reallocation procedure can be performed by the P-TMSI
Reallocation procedure
¦ The P-TMSI can be included in the Attach or Routeing Area Update
procedures.
27 Internal Use

28 Internal Use

Location Management
q Function
¦ A mechanism that allows the system to keep track of the location
information of MS
¦ A mechanism that allows the system to keep synchronization of the
states of MS‘s MM context
29 Internal Use

Layered Location Management Mode (2G)
•HLR
•SGSN
•SGSN number
•BSS
•ready state: cell number
•MS •Standby state: RAI
30 Internal Use

Routeing Area Update Procedure
Gn
SGSN SGSN
RAI 1 RAI 2 RAI 3 RAI 4
cell
Inter SGSN -RAU
Intra SGSN-RAU
MS
31 Internal Use

Routeing Area Update Procedure
q RAU procedure will happen in the following two case:

¦ MS entered a new Route Area
¦ Periodic RAU ( after periodic timer expires)
q Inter-SGSN RAU
¦ The new SGSN find the old SGSN from the old RAI
¦ Old SGSN stop downlink signaling, transfer MM context and PDP
context to new SGSN
¦ Tunnelling N-PDU to the new SGSN
¦ Update PDP context and subscriber data
32 Internal Use

33 Internal Use

Session Management
q Function
¦ Manage the connection between MS, SGSN and GGSN and
allocate system resource for the service transmission
q Important Procedure
¦ PDP Context Activation
¦ PDP Context Modification
¦ PDP Context Deactivation
34 Internal Use

Session Management
BTS BSC
ISP
ISP A
A
GGSN (A) ISP
ISP B
B
MS
•APN-
APN-NI
SGSN GGSN (B)

Backbone
Backbone Corp.
Corp.
DNS Network
Network
•APN-
APN-NI
•APN ＝ GGSN IP address DNS DNS
35 Internal Use

PDP Context
q PDP Context
¦ The PDP context is Packet Data Protocol context
¦ PDP context contains all the information needed to transfer user data
between MS and GGSN.
¦ The context includes parameters such as Routing, QoS (Quality of
Service), Charging ID etc.
¦ PDP context exists in MS, SGSN, GGSN
36 Internal Use

PDP Context
Each MM context contains zero or more of the following PDP contexts:

PDP Context Identifier Index of the PDP context. X X
PDP State Packet data protocol state, INACTIVE or ACTIVE. X X
PDP Type PDP type, e.g. PPP or IP. X X
PDP Address PDP address, e.g. an IP address. X X
APN Subscribed The APN received from the HLR. X X
APN in Use The APN currently used. This APN shall be composed of the X X
APNNetwork Identifier and the APN Operator Identifier.
NSAPI Network layer Service Access Point Identifier. X X
TI Transaction Identifier. X X
TEID for Gn/Gp Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Gn and Gp interfaces. X X
TEID for Iu Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Iu interface. X
GGSN Address in Use The IP address of the GGSN currently used. X X
VPLMN Address Allowed Specifies whether the MS is allowed to use the APN in the domain X X
of the HPLMN only, or additionally the APN in the domain of
the VPLMN.
QoS Profile Subscribed The quality of service profile subscribed. X X
37 Internal Use

PDP Context
QoS Profile Requested The quality of service profile requested. X X
QoS Profile Negotiated The quality of service profile negotiated. X X
Radio Priority The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink user data transmission. X
Packet Flow Id Packet flow identifier. X
Aggregate BSS QoS Profile The aggregate BSS quality of service profile negotiated for the X
Negotiated packet flow that this PDP context belongs to.
Send N-PDU Number SNDCP sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU to be sent X
to the MS.
Receive N-PDU Number SNDCP sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU expected X
from the MS.
GTP-SND GTP-U sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU to be sent X X
to the MS.
GTP-SNU GTP-U sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU to be sent to X X
the GGSN.
PDCP-SND Sequence number of the next downlink in-sequence PDCP-PDU X
to be sent to the MS.
PDCP-SNU Sequence number of the next uplink in-sequence PDCP-PDU X
expected from the MS.
Charging Id Charging identifier, identifies charging records generated by X X
SGSN and GGSN.
PDP Context Charging The charging characteristics of this PDP context, e.g. normal, X X
Characteristics prepaid, flat-rate, and/or hot billing.
RNC Address in Use The IP address of the RNC currently used. X
38 Internal Use

MM Context and PDP Context
HLR
MS BSC SGSN GGSN

Uu Gb/ Iu Gn
or RNC
MM context PDP context #1
MM context
PDP context #1 PDP context #1 .
. . .
. . .
PDP context #2 PDP context #2 PDP context #2
39 Internal Use

Important Concept __ APN
q APN structure: APN_NI+APN_OI
cmnet.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs
APN APN
Network ID Operator ID
•Operator ID : fixed extension, must end with “.gprs”
•Network ID shall not end with “.gprs”
40 Internal Use

APN1
GGSN1
APN1
APN2 MS APN SGSN GGSN2
APN2
APN3
APN GGSN IP
GGSN3
APN3
DNS
APN1=GGSN1 IP
APN2=GGSN2 IP
APN3=GGSN3 IP
41 Internal Use

q General APN
•internet
GGSN GGSN
•GuangDong province
SGSN SGSN
APN:CMNET
MS MS
Roaming
42 Internal Use

q Area APN
VPN tunnel
GGSN GGSN
Province 1 Province 2
SGSN SGSN
APN:test.xy
MS MS
Roaming
43 Internal Use

Important Concept __ PDP State
INACTIVE
Deactivate PDP Context

Activate PDP or
Context MM state change to IDLE
or PMM-DETACHED
ACTIVE
q PDP state
¦ inactive：cannot transmit data
¦ active：can transmit data
44 Internal Use

Important Concept __ PDP Type and PDP Address
q PDP Type
¦ IPV4
¦ IPV6
¦ PPP
q PDP Address
¦ Static IP
[ Public IP
[ Allocate by the operator
¦ Dynamic IP
[ Private IP
[ Allocate by GGSN, DHCP or Radius
45 Internal Use

Important Concept __ QoS
q QoS is quality of service

q It is a group of parameters that can define the network ability, such
as the bit rate for downlink or uplink data transmission and the
reliability class and so on
q It is end to end concept
46 Internal Use

Activation Procedure
q PDP context activation procedure

¦ To establish a PDP context between the MS and the SGSN, the GGSN
¦ The first PDP context for a given PDP address and APN
47 Internal Use

PDP Active Procedure (2G)
MS BSS 2G-SGSN 2G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request
C1
2. Security Functions
3. Invoke Trace
4. Create PDP Context Request
4. Create PDP Context Response
7. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures
C2
9. Activate PDP Context Accept
48 Internal Use

Handle in MS
q MS start and send “Active PDP context request” to SGSN

¦ Provide QoS parameter
¦ Provide a APN-NI
¦ Provide a static IP or null
q Receive ACCEPT from SGSN
¦ If the QoS not accept by MS, then starts deactive procedure.
49 Internal Use

Handle in SGSN
q Check subscriber data
q APN selection
¦ According to TS 23.060
¦ default APN,APN provide from MS and the APN subscribed in HLR
¦ APN-NI.APN-OI
q Interrogate DNS
¦ Hostfile/Cache/DNS server
q QoS negotiation
¦ QoS provided from MS, default QoS ,QoS subscribed in HLR
q Send message “create PDP context request” to GGSN
q Send message “active PDP context accept” to MS
¦ Dynamic IP address
¦ QoS
q RAB assignment
50 Internal Use

Handle in GGSN
q Check the APN provided by SGSN

q QoS negotiation
q Allocate a dynamic IP to the MS
q Allocate a charging ID for the PDP context
q Return a CREATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message to SGSN
¦ Dynamic IP
¦ QoS
¦ Charging ID
¦ Other information
q Update PDP context
51 Internal Use

Summary
Summary q In the whole GPRS fundamental, you

should remember some important
concept and the basic signalling
procedure
52 Internal Use

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1 - GPRS Fundamental Training)

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OMP000001 GPRS Fundamental

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

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Upon completion of this course, you will be

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q 3GPP protocol 23060

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Chapter 2 Mobility Management

Chapter 3 Location Management

Chapter 4 Session Managment

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Chapter 2 Mobility Management

Chapter 3 Location Management

Chapter 4 Session Managment

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q Periodic RA Update Timer Function

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READY Implicit Detach READY

READY timer expiry

MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN

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¦ An MS shall perform a GPRS Attach to the SGSN in order to obtain access

¦ Only MS can initiate the Attach Procedure

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(IMSI or PTMSI+RAI) (PTMSI)

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q Results after any attach procedure

q MS can request Session Management services

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q The following three entity can initiate the detach procedure

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MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN

2. Delete PDP Context Request

2. Delete PDP Context Response

4. PS Signalling Connection Release

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q Results after any detach procedure

q The MS is detached either explicitly or implicitly:

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q After the MS detach from the network:

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MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN HLR

1. Send Authentication Info

1. Send Authentication Info Ack

2. Authentication and Ciphering Response

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MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN EIR

2. Check IMEI Ack

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1. P-TMSI Reallocation Command

2. P-TMSI Reallocation Complete

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