SOFTWARE

 SOFTWARE – is the programs and data that make the hardware do something useful.
 Without computer software, Computer hardware could not perform the task we associate
with computers.

TYPES BASIC OF SOFTWARE

1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE - refers to the files and programs that make up your computer's
OPERATING SYSTEM.
 is the basic management software that is more or less essential for the computer to run at
all.
2. APPLICATION SYSTEM - is specific purpose software which is used by user for
performing specific task.

OPERATING SOFTWARE

 An operating system, or "OS," is software that communicates with the hardware and

allows other programs to run.

External Services – like operating system help users start programs, manage stored data and
maintain security.

Internal Services – are “behind the scenes” services to ensure that the computer system function
efficiently.

SYSTEM RESOURCE

 are the physical or virtual components of limited availability within a computer system.
Every device connected to a computer system is a resource.

Desktop and Server Operating Systems

Two categories of Operating systems

 Desktop Operating Systems - is also referred to as a client operating system. It is

designed for single-user microcomputer.

 Server Operating Systems - sometimes called “network operating system” is designed

for computers that provide centralized storage facilities and communications capabilities
for network and Web sites.

Operating systems used among personal computers

 Microsoft PC Operating Systems

Microsoft PC Operating Systems is the most popular operating system for today’s
microcomputers. Microsoft developed its first version of Windows which provided graphical
user interface (GUI) in the mid-1980s. Since then, it has continually updated its Windows
operating system.

 Windows 8

Windows 8 is a version of Microsoft Windows for use on personal computers, including home
and business desktops, laptops, tablets, and home theater PCs. Development of Windows 8
started before the release of its predecessor, Windows 7, in 2009.

Operating systems used among personal computers

WINDOWS VISTA

 In November 2006, after more than five years of development work, Microsoft released
Windows Vista, a major new operating system version of Microsoft Windows family
which contains a large number of new features and architectural changes

WINDOWS XP

 Windows XP was released in the year 2001. it is fast reliable Windows operating system,
providing quicker start-up, better performance, increased security, and a simpler look
than previous Windows version

MAC OS X

 It was released in 1984 with Macintosh computers. This is the version most Macintosh
owners should use. It is a consumer operating system designed for use on your personal
computer.

DOS

 DOS stands for Disk Operating System. It was the first operating system they used. It is
strictly text based, command driven operating system. It was developed by Microsoft for
IBM or International Business Machine under the name of PC-DOS

LINUX

 The operating system is under the GNU General Public License and its source code is
freely available to everyone. Linux is just a Kernel of an OS, the part that controls the
hardware, manages files and separates processes and so on

OPERATING SYSTEMS USED ON SERVERS

SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM

  Also called “network operating system” that is designed for computers that provide
centralized storage facilities and communication capabilities for networks and websites.

WINDOWS server 2003

 Designed Windows Server 2003 to do a host of new task that are vital for Web sites and
corporate Web applications on the Internet.

WINDOWS server 2008

 Most advanced operating system yet, designed to power the next-generation of networks,
applications, and Web services.

NetWare

 Designed specifically for microcomputer networks which is sold by Novell. It provides

directory software to track computers, programs, and people on the network, making it
easier for large companies to manage complex networks.

UNIX/LINUX

UNIX: Developed in 1969 as a minicomputer operating system.

LINUX: A variation of UNIX, available as a freeware that provides a secure and stable operating
management.

MAC OS X Server

 First modern server OS from Apple Computer that provides UNIX-style process
management.

SOLARIS

 Developed by Sun Microsystems that is designed for e-commerce applications.

It manages high-traffic accounts in incorporates security necessary for Web transactions.

UTILITIES

• Utilities are designed to augment the operating system by providing a way for a user to
control the use of hardware resources.

EXAMPLES OF UTILITIES :

• Antivirus

• Backup Software
 • Disk Tools

DEVICE DRIVERS

 Is the system software that helps your computer control peripheral devices
 When buying a new peripheral device, it’s installation instructions usually tell you how
to install both the device and the necessary device drivers.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

• Is a set of computer instructions that directs computer hardware to perform specific

processing activities. It consists of programs designed to make users more productive and
assist them with personal tasks.

DIFFERENT FORMS OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

• PACKAGED SOFTWARE

• CUSTOM SOFTWARE

• OPEN SOURE SOFTWARE

• SHAREWARE

• FREEWARE

• PUBLIC DOMAIN

• Packaged Software - is a mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the

needs of a wide variety users, not just a single user or company.

• Custom Software – performs functions specific to a business or industry

• Open source Software – is software provided for use, modification and redistribution.

• Shareware – is copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for a trial period.

• Freeware – is copyrighted software provided at no cost by an individual or a company

that retains all rights to the software.

• Public-domain Software – has been donated for public use and has no copyright
restrictions.

BROAD CATEGORIES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

1. Productivity software - design to help you work more effectively.

2. Office Suite - refers to a number of application that are package together and sold as a unit.
3. Groupware - provides a way for more than one person to collaborate on a project.

Categories of Application Software According to Use:

1. DOCUMENT PRODUCTION SOFTWARE

 assist you with composing, editing, designing printing and electronically publishing
documents.

Most Popular Type of Document production software

A. Word Processing Software - gives you the ability to create, spell check, edit and format
a document on screen before printing.
B. Desktop Publishing Software - is one step further than word processing to enhance the
format and appearance of a document.

C. Web Authoring

 helps you design and develop customized web pages that you can publish electronically
on the internet.

2. GRAPHICS SOFTWARE - helps you create, edit and manipulate images.

3. PRESENTATION SOFTWARE - provides all the tools needed to combine text, graphics,
graphs, animations, and sound into a series of electronic slides.

Spreadsheet and Statistical Software

SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE

 Performs calculations based on numbers and formulas that you enter

 It is used by financial analyst to examine investment opportunities, by managers to create

budgets, by educators to keep track of student grades and by individuals to keep of
household budgets, analyze retirement investments, balance checkbooks. It also helps
transform complex data into meaningful graphs that allow you to visualize and explore
trends.

STATISTICAL SOFTWARE

• Are programs which are used for the statistical analysis of the collection, organization,
analysis, interpretation and presentation of data

• In analyzing large sets of data to discover relationships and patterns

• It is a helpful tool for summarizing survey results, test scores, experiment results, or
population data
 • Most statistical software includes graphing capability so that you can display and explore
data visually

DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

• Is a software that takes in data and converts various kinds of data into a single storage
containers, or aggregates diverse data into a consistent resource such as database

• A database is collection of related files

• A database software provides a flexible way to join and summarize the information in
more than one file

• Database software is used frequently in business, government and education rather than
individuals

INFORMATION AND REFERENCE SOFTWARE

• Information- knowledge obtained from investigation, study or instruction

• Reference- the act of referring or consulting

• Information and reference software provides you with a collection of information and a
way to access that information

• This type of software includes massive amounts of data, unlike data management
software, which is shipped without any data

• The information and reference software category spans a wide range of applications,
from encyclopedias to medical references

• from map software to trip planners, and from cookbooks to telephone books

• Information and reference software is generally shipped on a CD-ROM because of the

quantity of information it includes

CONNECTIVITY SOFTWARE

CONNECTIVITY

• Connectivity is a word used to describe how well hardware or software devices can
communicate with a range of other devices. For example, a computer mouse that may be
used to interact with desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, and tablets would be
described as having good connectivity.

CONNECTIVITY SOFTWARE
  Connectivity software connects your computer to a local computer network or the
internet and provides tools that you can use to take advantage of the information and
communication they offer.

 Connectivity software includes communication software, remote control software, e-mail

software and Web browsers

EDUCATION AND TRAINING SOFTWARE

 Education and Training Software helps you learn and practice new skills.

 For children, there are educational software that teaches basic reading and counting skills.

FOR OLDER STUDENTS AND ADULTS

ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE

O Entertainment software includes games of all sorts, simultations, software toys and
software designed to help you enjoy hobbies and leisure activities.

O Subcategories of Game Software:

• ACTION

• ADVENTURE
 • ROLE PLAYING

• PUZZLES

• SIMULTATIONS

• WAR GAMES

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE SOFTWARE

O Accounting and Finance Software helps you keep a record of monetary transactions and
investments.

O Example: Quickbook

BUSINESS SOFTWARE

O Business Software helps organization efficiently accomplish routine task.

O It is categorized into two:

• HORIZONTAL MARKET SOFTWARE

• is any generic software package that can be used by many different kinds of businesses.

PAYROLL SOFTWARE

VERTICAL MARKET SOFTWARE

 O Is designed to in a specific market or business, such as construction, health insurance or
used car sales.

Estimating Software