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2. Organisms that directly use energy from the sun to make their own food are called:
a. Autotrophs
b. Hetertrophs
c. Carnivores
d. Decomposers
4. Within an ecosystem:
a. Energy flows in one direction only and nutrients are recycled
b. Energy is recycled and nutrients flow in one direction only
c. Energy and nutrients flow in one direction only
d. Energy and nutrients are both recycled
5. The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly:
a. 1%
b. 5%
c. 10%
d. 50%
e. 80%
7. You are in an area where there are squid, seals and penguins. You are most likely in which
ecosystem?
a. Deciduous forest
b. Hot Desert
c. Antarctic Ocean Shore
d. Grassland
8. You find yourself in an area where there are snakes, hawks and coyotes. Based upon these animal
populations, you are most likely in which ecosystem?
a. Deciduous forest
b. Hot Desert
c. Grassland
d. You cannot tell from this information
9. You are in an area where the ground is littered with what appear to be dry, dead leaves. You are
most likely in which ecosystem?
a. Deciduous forest
b. Hot Desert
c. Grassland
d. You cannot tell from this information
10. This zone has the greatest concentration of plankton in a freshwater lake ecosystem:
a. Profundal
b. Littoral
c. Limnetic
1. Suggest reasons why the information represented in the pyramid of numbers of animals of one of the
ecosystems you studied may not truly represent that ecosystem.
Is not applicable because many more plant and animal species would be involved in a real
world ecosystem. In addition, the numbers are constantly changing.
2. According to your data, what is the ratio of third-order consumers to producers? Explain your answer.
Taking in consideration that only around 10% of the energy gained from the previous trophic
level is transferred to the next trophic level, the ratio of third-order consumer to producer is
100:1.
3. Compare and contrast two of the ecosystems you studied. How is the energy conversion efficiency
similar or different?
Deciduous forest and hot desert share an almost similar energy conversion efficiency of all
trophic levels, as well as some similar plant and animal species, such as wild flowers, hawks and
snakes.
4. Does the population size increase or decrease at higher trophic levels in the pyramid of numbers of an
ecosystem consisting of a tree, insects (that are herbivores) and birds feeding on the insects? Explain
your answer.
Since there high trophic levels depend on the primary producers and lower trophic levels for
food and energy, there must be a very large number of producers to sustain the rest of the
pyramid.
5. What might happen to an ecological pyramid of numbers in a forest ecosystem if most of the deer
were killed due to hunting by people and disease?
If most of the deer were killed, the deer dependent species at a higher trophic level would
struggle with finding prey and would eventually die of starvation and become extinct. The third
order species would be affected as well since their prey would vanish.
6. What would happen to an ecosystem if the decomposers disappeared?
The soil would be highly affected if decomposers disappeared and dead bodies would not be
decomposed. The producers would not be able to grow from the soil and each trophic level
would be affected since primary consumers would die of starvation.
7. Could there be a food chain without herbivores and carnivores?
There would be no energy flow and no food chain with only one trophic level of producers
without any herbivores and carnivores. The producers will overpopulate and there would be no
dead bodies for the decomposers and for the soil to get its nutrients.